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ANNALS

OF Tin:

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM.

VOLUME I.

ANNALS

OP THE

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM.

VOLUME I

PRINTED FOR THE

TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFEICAN MUSEUM

BY WEST, NEWMAN & Co.. LONDON
1899.

TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM.

The lion. JOHN XAVIER MERIUMAX, M.L.A., Treasurer of the Colony.

DAVID GILL, C.B., LL.D., F.R.S., Hon. F.R.S.E., Her Majesty's Astronomer at
the Cape.

THOMAS Mum, LL.D., M.A., F.R.S.E., Superintendent-General of Education.

SCIENTIFIC STAFF OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN

MUSEUM.

WILLIAM LUTLEY SCLATER, M.A., Director.
LEWIS ALBERT PERINGUEY, Assistant-Director.

GEORGE STEWART COSTORPHIXE, Ph.D., B.Sc., Keeper of the Geological Col-
lection.

WILLIAM FREDERICK PURCELL, B.A., Ph.D., First Assistant.

JOHN Dow FISHER GILCHRIST, M.A., Ph.D., B.Sc., Hon. Keeper of Marine
Invertebrates.

INTRODUCTION:

WHEN the South African Museum was reorganised on a
wider basis in the year 1897, and specialists were placed
in charge of its different departments, the Trustees felt
that one of the best means of increasing the scientific value
of the Institution would be to issue a serial publication
containing the results of the original work of the staff.

It was subsequently decided that this work should take
the form of ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM, and
be issued in parts at irregular intervals as material became
available.

The first volume, now completed, consists of three parts,
the first of which was issued in the year 1898, the second
and third in 1899.

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.

PAGK
G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S.

Description of a New Genus of Perciform Fishes from the Cape of Good

Hope. Plate IX 379

R. BROOM, M.D., B.Sc.

On Two New Species of Dicynodonts. Plate X 452

L. PKRINGUEY.

Description of some New or Little Known MutilUda in the Collection of

the South African Museum 33

Catalogue of the South African HispiiKs (Coleoptera), with Descriptions

of New Species 112

Fifth Contribution to the South African Coleopterous Fauna ; being
Descriptions of New Species, chiefly in the Collection of the South
African Museum. Plates VI. and VII 240

A Contribution to the Knowledge of the South African Mtifilliil'

(Hymenoptera). Plate VIII.* 352

Description of New Species of Mntlllci (Hymenoptera) in the Collection

of the South African Museum 439

W. F. PURCELL, Ph.D.

Description of New South African Scorpions in the Collection of the

South African Museum. Plates I. -IV 1

On the Species of Opisthophthalmus in the Collection of the South

African Museum, with Descriptions of some New Forms 131

On the South African Species of Peripntida 1 in the Collection of the

South African Museum 331

Descriptions of New or Little Known S<>lif/i</i< j in the Collection of the

South African Museum ' 381

Description of New Scorpions in the Collection of the South African

Museum 433

W. L. SCLATER, M.A.

List of the Reptiles and Batrachians of South Africa, with Descriptions

of New Species. Plate V. 94

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa 181

The explanation of Plate VIII., unfortunately omitted from the text, will be found
on page 4i51.

LIST OF NEW GENEEIC NAMES
INTRODUCED IN THIS VOLUME.

PAGE

Helcophryne, n. g., Ranidte, W. Scl 110

Balyana, n. g., Hispinse (Goleoptera) Per 115

Oneila, n. g., Scydmsenidse (Coleoptera), Per 240

Damarus, n. g., Ptinidse (Goleoptera), Per 242

Diplocotidus, n. g., Ptmidse (Coleoptera), Per 245

Argasidus, n. g., Tenebrionidse (Coleoptera), Per 251

Xenus, n. g., Tenebrionidse (Coleoptera), Per 255

Machlomorpha, n. g., Tenebrionidte (Coleoptera), Per 257

Ograbies, n. g., Tenebrionidse (Coleoptera), Per 293

Psammodophysis, n. g., Tencbrionidse (Coleoptera), Per 296

Trachynotidus, n. g., Teuebrionidse (Coleoptera), Per 29G

Vutsimus, n. g., Tenebrionidse (Coleoptera), Per 308

Umslatus, n. g., Tenebrionidse (Coleoptera), Per 312

Ghaleca', n. g., Tenebrionidse (Coleoptera), Per 316

Phyllocneniida, n. g., Cerambycidse (Coleoptera), Per 321

Dinocephalus, n. g., Cerambycidse (Coleoptera), Per. 323

Opisthopatus, 11. g., Peripatidie, Pure 349

Atyposoma, n. g., Squamipinnes (Pisces), Boul. 379

DATE OF ISSUE OF THE PAETS.

Part 1, pp. 1-130, issued June, 1898.
Part 2, pp. 131-380, issued March, 1899.
Part 3, pp. 381-460, issued December, 1899.

. ;

n

LIST OF PLATES.

PLATE

I. Opisthophthalmus karrooensis ? .

II. Opisthophthalmus karrooensis i , and 0. flavescens ? .

III. Opisthophthalmus fossor ? , and 0. Icipoldti.

IV. Opisthophthalmus laticauda s , and Parabuthus calvus
V. Grayia lubrica, sp. nov.

Elasmodactylus namaqucnsis, sp. nov.
Hcleophryne purcclli, gen. ct sp. nov.
VI. New Coleoptera.
VII.

VIII. New Mutillide.
IX. Atyposoma gurncyi, gen. ct sp. nov.
X. Dicynodon latifrons and Oudcnodon truncatus.

EEKATA.

P. 29, line 3 from below, for 3f read 4.

P. 31, in paragraph a 13 , for 2-4. Caudal read 2nd to 4th caudal.

P. 138, line 18 from above, for south-west read south.

P. 156, line 19 from below, for eastern read western, and for westwards read
eastwards.

P. 353, line 19, for M. pandora into M. daphne read M. pandora into M. pijrcnc.

In Plates I. -IV. the figures have not been drawn to exactly the same scale as
the accompanying centimetre measures, which are thus rendered useless for ascer-
taining the dimensions. These figures were originally intended for reproduction
by photography, and were lithographed by mistake.

ANNALS

OF THE

SOUTH AFKICAN MUSEUM.

I. Descriptions of New South African Scorpions in tlie Collection
of the South African Museum. By W. F. PUKCELL, Ph.D.,
First Assistant.

(Plates I.-IV.)

THE species of the South African genus Opisthophthalmus have
recently been thoroughly revised, and nearly all of them re-described
y K. Kraepelin (' Eevision der Skorpione,' ii. Theil, Hamburg,
1894), and Pocock has subsequently given us a synopsis of the
species contained in the British Museum, with remarks on their
localities and descriptions of some new forms (Ann. Mag. N. H. (6)
v. 17, 1896). The collection of the South African Museum contains.
no less than twenty-two species of Opisthophthalmus, of which eleven
are new to science, and are described in the present paper, together
with one new species of Parabuthus.

The figures in the plates are reproductions from photographs
kindly taken for me by my friend Mr. E. M. Lightfoot, of the South
African Museum. The measurements may easily be ascertained
from the centimetre scale photographed with each specimen.

GEN. OPISTHOPHTHALMUS C. L. Koch.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS KAKEOOENSIS, n. sp.

Plate I., fig. 1 ; Plate II., fig. 2.

Female (recently killed, in alcohol).-'-

Colour reddish brown to olive-brown; the hands, interocular area,
and vesicle pale-yellow or reddish yellow ; cauda and ventral surface

* In the genus Opisthoplithalmus the sex of either young or adult specimens
may be easily ascertained from the structure of the genital operculum. In

1

2 Annals of the South African Museum.

of abdomen pale olive-brown to brownish yellow ; carapace along
the borders of the interocular area darkened, with dark olive-green
or almost black granules; the larger granules and the crests of the
palps also nearly black ; anterior face of humerus blackened ; fingers
reddish brown to dark olive-green ; legs pale-yellow.

Carapace depressed, somewhat longer than broad, very broad in
front, as long as the first and second caudal segment and half the
third ; anterior margin truncated or widely sinuate, rugose and
crenulated, not emarginate in the middle ; median groove widened
in front of the eye-tubercle and again anteriorly, but not forked,
terminated by a small concave lobe projecting from the middle of the
anterior edge of carapace, the widened portion of the groove some-
times minutely granular ; sides of carapace coarsely granular,
especially along the borders of the interocular area, finely granular
at the posterior angles ; interocular area smooth and polished, finely
punctate ; median eyes one-fourth of the length of carapace from
the posterior margin.

Terga punctate, smooth and shining or very minutely granular
in the anterior part of each segment, finely granular at the sides ;
last segment coarsely granular at the sides ; segments 2-6 or 3-6
with a median longitudinal keel.

Sterna smooth and polished, finely punctate ; the last segment
without keels, weakly granular posteriorly, sometimes nearly smooth
with only a very few mesial granules.

Cauda sparsely granular above in the anterior segments ; the upper
crests granular, the terminal tooth in segments 2-4 enlarged ;
upper lateral keels granular, terminating posteriorly in middle of
fifth segment ; infero-lateral and median keels granular, weak or
obsolete in segments 1 and 2, distinct in segments 3-5, the median
keels quite and the infero-lateral ones nearly obsolete in first seg-
ment ; lateral and ventral surfaces of cauda granular, densely so on
the lower side of first two segments ; cauda shorter than the trunk ;
vesicle large, longer and usually considerably broader than fifth caudal
segment, with a few small granules at the base below.

Palps. All the crests of the humerus coarsely granular ; its upper
and lower surfaces, except quite distally, coarsely and somewhat
thickly granular ; anterior surface with a few small and some very
large granules, its upper and lower edges defined by strong crests.

the male the operculurn is completely divided into two separate chitinous plates
by a longitudinal cleft, and, in the adult, a pair of chitinous stylets, attached to
the middle of the operculum, become visible on lifting the plates from behind.
In the female the right and left halves of the operculum are soldered together
along the median line, and there are no stylets.

New South African Scorpions. 3

Brachium with its granular superior surface well defined by two
coarsely granular crests ; the posterior surface elevated crest-like
along the middle with rows of coarse granules ; the anterior surface
more finely granular, the basal tubercle strong. Hands moderate,
depressed and moderately convex above, the length of hand-back
equalling the breadth of hand, the finger-keel strong and nearly
smooth ; inner part of upper surface of hand nearly smooth, covered
with a network of punctate anastomosing ridges, which are just
perceptibly raised above the surface level, these ridges often replaced
by low granules near the anterior (inner) and the distal borders and
along the finger-keel, the two secondary keels obsolete but their
position indicated by dark lines ; inner edge of hand coarsely granular ;
outer part of upper surface of hand coarsely granular, the granules
often forming a crest in the middle.

Legs. Femora minutely granular, with a row of coarser granules
on their upper and lower edges excepting on the upper edge of the
first pair ; tarsi of the last two pairs of legs with 2-3 external and
5-6 internal spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 5
internal spines on the lobes ; superior process much shorter than
the lateral lobes.

Opcrculum subcordate, somewhat broader than long, emarginat3
behind but not cleft longitudinally.

Pectincs extending beyond the apex of fourth coxas, with 20-21
teeth ; scape rounded at the base behind and free of teeth for about
one-fourth of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres of largest female. Total length 110 ;
greatest length of carapace 16 ; * width of carapace 15 - 8 ; distance
of eyes from anterior margin 11 ; width of hand 11^- ; length of hand-
back 11^, of movable finger 16, of tail 55 ; width of first caudal
segment 5^, of fifth caudal segment 4, of vesicle 4.

Male (recently killed, in alcohol}.

The adult males show the following differential characters :

Colour. Abdomen darker above.

Carapace only slightly longer than the first and second caudal
segments ; its interocular area with a few minute granules at the
anterior lateral angles and in the depression in front of the eye-
tubercle.

Terga very densely, finely and evenly granular throughout, coarsely
granular only at the sides of the last segment.

: The carapace is broader in proportion to the length in this specimen than is
usually the case.

4 Annals of the South African Museum.

Sterna. Segment 1 nearly smooth, or granular along the hind
margin ; segments 2-5 finely and densely granular throughout.

Cauda much more densely granular on the ventral surface in the
first and second segments.

Palps. All the segments longer ; humerus less granular below ;
hands pilose, very long and narrow, the length of hand-back much
exceeding the breadth of hand ; the inner part of upper surface of
hand fiat, smooth or minutely granular, especially on the sites of the
(deficient) secondary keels, the network of punctures present but not
raised ; inner edge of hand strongly denticulate.

Operculiim transversely oval, much broader than long, completely
cleft longitudinally.

Pectines reaching considerably beyond middle of trochanters of
fourth pair of legs, with 25-29 teeth ; scape rectangular at base
behind and therefore toothed along its whole length.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 106 ; greatest length
of carapace 15 ; width of carapace 144- ; distance of eyes from anterior
median edge 11; width of hand 74-; length of hand-back 11, of
movable finger 21^, of tail 56 ; width of first caudal segment 54, of
fifth caudal segment 4, of vesicle 5.

Younfj (in alcohol}.

The upper surface of the hand is often covered with a network
of dark pigment, corresponding with the anastomosing ridges ; the
humerus and brachium are almost black.

In the nearly adult female the hand is relatively smaller, but pro-
portioned as in the adult, while in the younger individuals the length
of the hand-back considerably exceeds the breadth of hand.

In the nearly adult male the hand is of the same length as in the
female of the same age, but the breadth of the hand is considerably
less than the length of the hand-back (in millim. : 7:84-) ; the
upper surface is provided with a raised network as in the female,
but the ridges show a greater tendency to form granules ; the terga
are more or less minutely granular ; only the last segment of the
sterna is granular posteriorly ; the carapace is as long as the first
and second caudal segment and half the third.

In the younger individuals of this species the sex is distinguish-
able only by means of the operculum and the pectines. The latter
always possess the same shape and the same number of teeth as
are found in the adult of the corresponding sex, namely, 20-21 in
the female and 24-30 in the male. The granulation on the posterior
part of the last sternite is also always present, though sometimes
consisting of only a few weak granules.

Ncio South African Scorpions. 5

Locality. All the specimens described above, namely, 5 females,
3 males, and 30 young of all ages, were taken by me at the village
of Prince Albert, Cape Colony.

Further localities are :

Laingsburg (Buffels Eiver), Prince Albert Div. : 1 adult female
and 16 young of both sexes, agreeing with those from Prince Albert
in every respect.

Beaufort West: 1 adult female (Rev. G. Fisk), 4 adult males and a
large number of young (collected by myself). These male specimens
are smaller, the largest being only 99 millim. long; the granulation
of the sterna is either as in the male of the type or the anterior
segments may be rugose in the middle and granular only at the
sides ; the widened part of the median groove in front of the eye-
tubercle is often smooth. In all other respects these specimens
resemble the type.

Victoria West : 1 male (R. 3/. Lightfoot), resembling those from
Beaufort West in size, &c. ; the anterior sternites of the abdomen
are rugose in the middle and granular at the sides.

The area occupied by this species includes the driest part of
the Great Karroo, known as the Gouph. West of the Buffels Kiver
it is replaced by 0. austenis (at Matjesfontein and Touws Eiver),
while northwards it extends to Victoria West and probably much
further. The scorpion lives in shallow excavations under stones on
the tops and sides of small hills, but does not seem to make deep
burrows in the earth as most of the species of the genus do. :;: In
the structure of the palps in both sexes this species closely resembles
0. palUdipcs and 0. pcrinyucyi.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS GIGAS, n. sp.
Type : Female (in alcohol).

Colour reddish brown ; the interocular area, legs, vesicle, and
tinder side of abdomen reddish yellow (probably pale-yellow in fresh
specimens) ; hands yellowish brown above at the inner basal part;
the granules on the sides of the carapace and those on the crests
of the palps dark olive-green, nearly black ; fingers and distal
part of finger-keel nearly black ; mandibles reddish, brown, not
blackened.

This specimen resembles the female of 0. karrooensis so closely
that I need only point out the differential characters as follows :

* Mr. Max Schlechter informs me that 0. pallidipes, which he found in con-
siderable numbers in the Divisions of Clamvilliam and Calvinia, also lives simply
under stones without constructing deep burrows in the earth.

6 Annals of the South African Museum.

Carapace distinctly emarginate in the middle of the truncated
anterior edge ; the granulation of the sides very much coarser.

Terga smooth, finely granular at the sides ; last segment coarsely
granular, except along the elevated median line.

Sterna perfectly smooth and polished.

Cauda. In the first two segments the ventral surface and the
infero-lateral and median keels are perfectly smooth, and the
median keels are not separated by a groove ; cauda longer than the
(much contracted) abdomen ; vesicle not longer than the fifth
caudal segment.

Palps. Humerus very coarsely granular on the posterior part of
upper surface, nearly smooth on the anterior part ; anterior and
inferior surfaces with a few small and some large granules ; the
superior keel of brachium smooth along the top but undulate at
the sides, much stronger than the uppermost keel of the posterior
side, the sloping surface between these keels forming a part of the
rounded posterior surface rather than a distinct upper surface ;
hands denticulate on the inner edge.

Tarsi of third and fourth pair of legs with 3 external and 6
internal spines below.

Operculum subcordate, scarcely broader than long, emarginate
posteriorly but not cleft longitudinally.

Pectines not extending beyond apex of last pair of 00x93, furnished
with 24 teeth.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 135 ; greatest length
of carapace 22 ; width of carapace 20^ ; distance of eyes from
anterior median edge 15^- ; width of hand 14 ; length of hand-back
13|, of movable finger 21, of tail 77 ; width of first caudal segment
7i, of fifth caudal segment 4f , of vesicle 6^.

Male (dry}.

Two specimens, which are undoubtedly adult males of this species,
differ from the female in the following characters :

Colour of fingers reddish brown or blackish ; finger-keel not
blackened ; cauda yellowish or yellowish brown.

Carapace about as long as the first and second caudal segment
and one-third or one-fourth of the third.

Terga finely granular on seg. 1-6.

Sterna apparently smooth (to the naked eye) but provided with a
number of exceedingly minute scattered granules, such as are occa-
sionally found in the male of 0. pallidipes.

Cauda with a few minute scattered granules on ventral surface of

New South African Scorpions. 7

first and second segments, similar to those occurring on the sterna ;
the groove between the keels more marked in one specimen.

Palps. All the segments longer ; hands very long and narrow,
the length of the hand-back much exceeding the breadth of hand ;
the inner part of the upper surface of hand smooth.

Pectines not reaching beyond middle of the trochanter of fourth
pair of legs, with 24 teeth (as in the female !).

In addition to the differences mentioned for the females, the male
of this species differs from that of 0. karrooensis in the upper
surface of the hand being moderately convex, especially near the
inner edge, instead of flat ; further, the scape of the pectines is not
rectangular at the posterior basal angle but rounded off as in the
female of karrooensis.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 130 ; greatest length
of carapace 22 ; width of carapace 2(H ; distance of eyes from
anterior median edge 15 ; width of hand 10 ; length of hand-back
15, of movable finger 32|, of tail 80 ; width of first caudal segment
7, of fifth caudal segment 5, of vesicle 7.

Locality. One of the male specimens is labelled " Nisbet Bath
[Warrnbad] , Great Namaqualand " (W. Palgrave). The female
specimen, which bears no label, was captured with 22 colourless
young, to which it had given birth ; one of the young ones is in the
animal's mouth, partially devoured.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS FLAVESCENS, n. sp.

Plate II., fig. 3.

Female (dry).

Colour nearly uniformly yellow, the mandibles and the tips of the
maxillary processes black.

Carapace large, as broad as long, its length equalling that of the
first and second caudal segment together with two-thirds of the
third ; interocular area smooth and shiny, finely punctate, strongly
convex on each side of the median groove ; anterior edge not
emarginate in the middle, crenulated ; sides of the carapace some-
what sparsely but not very coarsely granular, the interocular area
not bordered laterally by a strip of coarser granules ; median groove
smooth, large, not forked anteriorly, widened in front of the median
eyes to a large lozenge-shaped hollow, and again, anteriorly, to
a narrower but deeper trough-like excavation ; median eyes one-
third of the length of the carapace from the posterior border.

Terga. Segments 1-6 smooth and shiny, finely punctate,
minutely granular only at the postero-lateral angles ; segments

'8 Annals of the South African Museum.

2-6 with a smooth longitudinal keel ; segment 7 with a low,
smooth, median elevation in front, minutely granular on each side
of this, coarsely granular laterally and on the pair of posterior
elevations ; behind the median elevation of seventh segment is a
smooth transverse depression.

Sterna. All the segments smooth and polished, finely punctate ;
the last not carinate.

Cauda rather weak ; its upper surface smooth and polished ; the
upper crests granular, obsolete in the posterior half of the fifth
segment, the terminal tooth enlarged and spiniform in segments
2-4 ; upper lateral crests granular, weak on segment 5, and present
only on the anterior half of the segment ; inferior lateral crests weak
in the anterior segments, smooth in the first 3 segments, weakly
granular in segment 4, serrated in segment 5 ; infero-median crests
obsolete on segments 1-3, weakly granular on segment 4, denticulate
on segment 5 ; ventral surface of cauda smooth, polished and finely
punctate in segments 1-3, nearly smooth and hollowed out between
the keels in segment 4, with a row of coarse granules on each side of
the median crest in segment 5 ; lateral surface of cauda sparsely and
finely granular ; vesicle smooth.

Palps. Crests of the humerus coarsely granular, the infero-
posterior crest developed only in the proximal half ; upper surface
of humerus coai'sely granular ; anterior surface flat, large, nearly
as broad as the upper surface, with well-marked upper and lower
crests and coarsely but sparsely granular in the proximal half ;
lower surface of humerus with a few weak granules ; upper crest of
brachium composed of a row of coarse granules, posterior surface of
brachium with a number of low, rounded granules ; hands moderate,
convex above, finely punctate and shiny, the upper surface covered
with low, rounded, anastomosing tubercles ; finger-keel moderate,
nearly smooth ; the inner part of upper surface of hand with a
single, low, broad, longitudinal elevation extending from the base to
the finger, and representing the secondary keels ; outer part of
upper surface with a secondary keel, composed of a row of enlarged
granules ; width of hand scarcely exceeding the length of hand-
back ; inner edge of hand denticulate.

Legs. Anterior surface of femora nearly smooth, with a few
minute granules, lower edge of femora granular ; tarsi very bristly,
the terminal tarsi of the last two pairs of legs with 1-2 external and
4 internal spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal
spines on the terminal lobes ; anterior claw of each foot very long,
much longer than the posterior claw ; superior terminal process of
iarsi very large, longer than the lateral lobes, provided with 6-8

New South African Scorpions. 9

long bristles and appearing, when viewed from above, twice as thick
as either of the claws.

Operculum cordate, somewhat longer than broad, emarginate
behind but not cleft longitudinally.

Pcctincs with 20-21 teeth ; scape rounded at the base behind and
free of teeth for about two-sevenths of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 100 ; greatest length
of carapace 16 ; width of carapace 16 ; distance of eyes from
anterior median border 10 ; width of hand 10 ; length of hand-
back 10, of movable finger 16i, of tail 51 ; width of first caudal
segment 5i, of fifth caudal segment 4.

A single specimen bearing the label " Walfisch Bay," Damaraland
( Car ring ton Wilmer] .

The affinities of this species are not apparent to me. The
structure of the tarsi is very peculiar.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS FOSSOR, n. sp.

Plate III., fig. 4, 4a.
Female (recently killed, in alcohol).

Colour of carapace, abdomen, palps, and legs dark reddish brown ;
the interocular area of carapace, the vesicle and the inner basal
portion of hand much lighter, ochraceous or reddish yellow ; cara-
pace on each side of the interocular area black ; a considerable
portion of the humerus and brachiurn, especially on the crests,
black ; the fingers, the keels of hands and tail and the mandibles
also black.

Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal
segment and one-third to one-fourth of the third ; its interocular
area rugose or weakly granular in front, nearly smooth behind,
rarely nearly smooth throughout ; sides of the carapace very
coarsely granular right up to the edge, the granulation especially
coarse along the borders of the interocular area, more finely
granular at the posterior angles ; median eyes one-third of the
length of carapace from the posterior edge ; anterior fork of median
groove usually quite obsolete, occasionally partially developed, never
extending, however, as far as the anterior edge of carapace.

Terga densely granular throughout, the granules coarser in the
posterior part of each segmeno ; the last segment coarsely granular
at the sides and behind, finely granular but not at all or scarcely
elevated mesially in front, with a pair of low elevations behind ;
segments 3-6 with traces of the median keel, which often takes the
form of a tubercle.

10 Annals of the South African Museum.

Sterna. First four segments smooth and polished, finely punc-
tate ; last segment smooth (rarely with a few of the minutest
granules) in the middle, coarsely or weakly granular or almost
smooth at the sides, w r ith a more or less distinct keel on each side
and a wide, usually granular, depression between each keel and the
lateral margin.

Cauda moderate ; the granulation of the upper surface for the
most part confined to the sides, strong in the anterior and sparse in
the posterior segments, the fifth segment smooth above ; upper
crests granular, weak in the anterior segments, the terminal tooth
not enlarged ; upper lateral crests well developed, granular, absent
from the posterior half of the fifth segment ; infero-lateral and
median crests strong in all the segments, nearly smooth, sub-
crenulate, or weakly granular in segments 1-2, crenulate or
granular in segments 3-4, serrated in segment 5 ; sides and ventral
surface moderately granular between the crests ; vesicle smooth or
with a few minute granules at the base below.

Palps. Crests of the humerus and its upper, anterior and lower
surfaces coarsely granular, the upper anterior edge rounded and
coarsely granular ; upper crest of brachium smooth or nearly so ;
anterior surface of brachium rather finely and sparsely granular,
posterior surface with interrupted and partly granulated longitudinal
crests ; hands broad, robust, cordate at base, strongly convex above ;
inner part of the upper surface of hand thickly covered with low,
rounded, anastomosing granules, the secondary keels black pig-
mented, weak, stronger distally ; outer part of upper surface of hand
with more conical granules and a stronger secondary keel ; finger-
keel strong and nearly smooth ; inner edge of hand bluntly granular.

Leys. Anterior surface of posterior femora sparsely and minutely
granular, lower edge of femora more closely granular ; tarsi of the
third and fourth pairs of legs with 2 external and 4 (rarely 5)
internal spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal
spines on the terminal lobes ; these lobes scarcely or not much
longer than the well-developed superior process.

Opcrculum cordate-triangular, emarginate posteriorly but not cleft
longitudinally, somewhat broader than long.

Pectines with 12-14 teeth, the posterior basal angle obtuse, scape
free of teeth at base for about one-fifth of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 89 ; greatest length
of carapace 13^ ; width of carapace 12^ ; distance of eyes from
anterior median edge 8 ; width of hand 11|- ; length of hand-back 7,
of movable finger 13, of tail 46 ; width of first caudal segment 6, of
fifth caudal segment 4.

New South African Scorpions. 11

Male (recently killed, in alcohol) .

Differential characters :

Carapace as long as the first two caudal segments together.

Tail robust.

Sterna. First four segments minutely granular at the lateral
borders ; fifth segment granular throughout, usually with coarser
granulation at the sides, in the middle sometimes rugose or even
nearly smooth, keels as in the female.

Palps. Upper anterior crest of humerus distinct, composed of a
row of coarse granules ; hands very pilose, much slenderer than in
the female, the fingers very long ; inner part of the upper surface of
hand nearly flat, often concave distally, covered with low coarse
granules, which may, however, almost disappear, except along the
inner border ; the two secondary keels always very distinct, com-
posed of rows of coarse black granules ; inner edge of hands
denticulate.

Opcrculum transversely oval or rhomboidal, much broader than
long, completely cleft longitudinally.

Pcctines with 17-20 teeth, rectangular at the base behind and
therefore toothed along the whole length of scape.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 93 ; greatest length of
carapace 12 ; width of carapace 11| ; distance of eyes from anterior
median edge 8 ; width of hand 8 ; length of hand-back 64-, of
movable finger 17, of tail 53 ; width of first caudal segment 6, of
fifth caudal segment 4^.

Locality. Two females and two males from Schlanghoek, Wor-
cester Div. (B. Francke).

Four females and one male from the Winterhoek Mountains,
Tulbagh Div. (Dr. Kolbe, F. Treleaven, E. M. Lightfoot, and my-
self).

Three females and four males labelled " "Witzenberg Mountains,"
Tulbagh Div. (T. H. Kleinschmidt) ; characterised by the stronger
crenulation of the inferior keels in the first caudal segment, and by
the smoothness of the inner part of the upper surface of the hand in
the male.

This scorpion constructs deep burrows in the earth, but it also
lives under stones. It is very closely related to 0. maccr, cliapcri,
and probably also to intcrmedius. The coloration is almost exactly
that of 0. macer, Thor., although the humerus and brachium in the
latter are not so darkly coloured; further, in the structure of the
cauda with its well-developed, blackened, inferior keels, in the pro-
portions and structure of the hands in both sexes, in the granulation

12 Annals of the South African Museum.

of the terga and sterna and in the armature of the tarsi these
two species show considerable affinity to one another. The main
difference between them lies in the granulation of the carapace,
which is never provided with very coarse granules in 0. macer ', in
the latter, also, the upper surface of the hand in the male is
distinctly convex, in the distal part not concave, and furnished with
stronger secondary keels. In 0. macer the last segment of the
sterna is smooth, or granular only at the sides.

Of 0. cliaperi Simon, only the male is known, and is referred by
Kraepelin to 0. 2^'Hosus (the male of 0. capensis), but it is a very
distinct species. The legs in cliaperi are yellow and the humerus
and brachium are blacker than in fossor, but for the rest the colora-
tion is identical. The hands are formed as in those specimens of
fossor which have the inner part of the upper surface nearly smooth,
and differ only in the absence of the secondary keels. The tail in
cliaperi differs in having the inferior median keels practically obsolete
in segments 1 and 2, the under surfaces of which are densely
granular. The 2-4 segments of the sterna are finely granular and
rugose and the last segment is densely granular with (in my speci-
men) traces of lateral keels. There is no trace of a fork of the
median groove in front. In all other respects the two species are
alike.

0. intermedius, Kraepelin, which I have not seen, evidently also
belongs to this group. It differs from fossor by the legs being
coloured yellow and by not possessing secondary keels on the inner
part of the upper surface of hands, but appears to resemble it in
every other respect.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS SCHLECHTERI, n. sp.
Male (recently killed, in alcohol).

Colour pale-yellow ; the vicinity of the eyes, a narrow strip on
each side of the interocular area of carapace, five lines on the
upper surface of hands, the mandibles, the anterior region of the
segments of the terga and the under surface of the five caudal
segments infuscate, the infuscate part with 3-1 longitudinal pale
lines in the anterior caudal segments.

Carapace much longer than broad ; its interocular area shiny and
nearly smooth, convex in the middle on each side of the median
groove ; anterior edge not emarginate in the middle ; sides of the
carapace finely granulated, the granules along the borders of the
interocular area somewhat coarser than on the rest of the surface ;
median groove bordered by a row of granules on each side, distinctly

Neio South African Scorpions. 13

forked in front ; median eyes one-third of the length of the carapace
from the posterior border.

Terga smooth, except at the sides, where they are finely granular,
seventh segment finely granular, coarsely so at the sides.

Sterna. All the segments smooth and polished, the last not
carinate.

Cauda moderate ; its upper surface granular on the first, nearly
or quite smooth on the following segments ; the upper crests granular,
the terminal tooth enlarged in segments 2-4 ; upper lateral crests
granular, obsolete in the posterior half of segment 5 ; infero-lateral
crests smooth and practically obsolete in segments 1-3, weakly
granular in segment 4, serrated in segment 5 ; median crests quite
obsolete in segments 1-4, serrated in segment 5 ; under surface of
cauda quite smooth and polished in segments 1-4, with a few
scattered granules in segment 5 ; sides of the cauda with a few
scattered granules in the anterior segments.

Palps. Crests of the humerus and its upper and anterior surfaces
coarsely granular; under surface of humerus nearly smooth ; upper
crest of brachium coarsely granular, the posterior surface of brachium
granular along the middle ; hands moderate, convex above, the
inner part of the upper surface covered with low, weak granules ;
the secondary keels obsolete, their position indicated only by two
black lines ; outer part of the upper surface of hand with conical
granules and a distinct, granulated, infuscate, secondary keel along
the middle; finger-keel very weak, crenulated; inner edge of hand
coarsely granular ; width of hand less than the length of hand-back.

Legs. Lower edge of the anterior femora and the anterior surface
of the posterior ones granular ; tarsi of the fourth pair of legs
with no external and 4-5 internal spines below, in addition to the
3 external and 5 (or 4) internal spines on the terminal lobes ; the
superior process much shorter than the lateral lobes.

Opcrculum transversely oval, much broader than long, completely
cleft longitudinally.

Pectincs with 20-21 teeth ; scape free of teeth at the base for about
one-fourth of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 63 ; greatest length of
carapace 1(H ; width of carapace 94- ; distance of eyes from anterior
median edge 7 ; width of hand 6 ; length of hand-back 7, of movable
finger 7^, of tail 34.

Female, young (in alcohol).

Opcrculitin, undivided, wider than long. Pectines with 14 teeth,
the scape free of teeth at the base for more than one-third of its
length. Kest of the characters as in the male.

14 Annals of the South African Museum.

A male and a young female specimen, captured by Mr. Max
Schlechter in Little Bushmaiiland along the road leading from
Steinkopf to Eamond's Drift on the Orange River, Namaqualand.
They live in burrows in sandy ground. Mr. Schlechter found
0. walilbcrgi living in the same locality.

In the male specimen described above the carapace is as long as
the first and second caudal segment and one-half of the third, hence
possibly not quite full grown. It is so well characterised, however,
especially by the smoothness and the absence of crests on the under
surface of the first four caudal segments, that I have not hesitated to
describe it.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS GEANICAUDA, n. sp.
Male (recently killed, in alcohol}.

Colour of carapace and cauda brownish yellow to olive-brown ;
legs and vesicle pale-ochraceous ; arms ochraceous to ochre-brown ;
abdomen brown or olivaceous with the hind edge of the segments
brown ; the crests of the palps, the fingers, the mandibles, and the
crests above the median and lateral eyes black or dark olive-green.

Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal
segment ; its interocular area coarsely or weakly granular in front,
nearly smooth on the convexities behind ; sides of the carapace
granular, coarsely so along the borders of the interocular area ;
median eyes more than a quarter of the length of carapace from
posterior edge ; median groove distinctly forked in front.

Terga densely and finely granular throughout, the last segment
with coarser granulation at the sides, the third to sixth segment
with a weak, granular, median keel, the seventh with a low, finely
granular, median elevation and two low, coarsely granular, posterior-
elevations.

Sterna. Segments 1-4 finely granular at the lateral borders, their
surface finely rugose or the anterior ones smooth ; fifth segment keel-
less, very densely and finely granular or rugoso-granular throughout,
as is also the ventral surface of the first four caudal segments.

Cauda moderate ; the granulation of the upper surface for the
most part confined to the sides, strong in the anterior, sparse in the
posterior segments, the fifth segment smooth above ; upper crests
granular, the terminal tooth usually (but not always) enlarged and
spiniform on segments 2-4 ; upper lateral crests well developed,
granular, on segment 5 weak, and present only in the anterior half ;
infero-lateral keels practically obsolete in segments 1-4, least so in
segment 4, where a row of slightly enlarged granules often indicates

New South African Scorpions. 15

their position ; infero-median keels quite obsolete in segments 1-4 ;
the position of the two ventral pairs of keels on the first four seg-
ments is usually indicated by black lines or spots, which extend on
to the posterior sternite ; the whole ventral surface of the fourth
caudal segment is densely covered with fine rounded granules, slightly
larger than those on the anterior segments ; fifth caudal segment
three times as long as broad, sparsely granular at the sides and
below, the median keel weaker than the infero-lateral ones ; vesicle
smooth or minutely granular at the base below, sometimes with
longitudinal infuscate bands.

Palps. All the crests of the humerus together with its upper,
anterior, and lower surfaces coarsely granular; upper crest of
brachium coarsely granular, the posterior surface sparsely so ; hands
hairy, slightly convex and coarsely granular above, the granules
conical and connected by a network of black pigment ; finger-keel
strong and granular, in its distal portion sometimes only crenulated ;
the secondary keels weak, granular, indicated by black lines ; inner
edge of hand denticulate ; width of hand exceeding length of hand-
back.

Legs with the lower edge of femora coarsely granular, the anterior
surface of posterior femora finely granular ; tarsi of fourth pair of
legs with no external and 4-5 internal spines below, those of the
third pair of legs with 1-2 external and 4-5 internal spines below, in
addition to the 4 external and 5 internal spines on the terminal lobes ;
the superior process much shorter than the lateral lobes.

Operculum transversely oval, much broader than long, completely
cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 11-15 teeth ; scape rounded at the base behind and
free of teeth for one-third of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 82 ; greatest length of
carapace 12 ; width of carapace 11 ; distance of eyes from anterior
median edge 8 ; width of hand 8 ; length of hand-back 6^, of movable
finger 10, of tail 49 ; width of first caudal segment 5^-, of fifth caudal
segment 4.

Female (recently killed, in alcohol).

Darker.

Carapace, as long as the first and second caudal segment and one-
third of the third.

Terga. Segments 1-6 smooth in the middle, finely granular at
the sides; segments 2-6 with smooth longitudinal keels.

Sterna. All the segments smooth and polished.

Can da slenderer, with the ventral surface of segment 1 smooth, of

16 Annals of the South African Museum.

segment 2 slightly rugose, of segment 3 weakly but thickly granular,
and of segment 4 finely and densely granular throughout.

Hands. Inner part of upper surface covered with low, rounded
granules, showing a tendency to anastomose ; finger-keel weak,
secondary keels nearly obsolete.

Operculum cordate, somewhat broader than long, emarginate
behind but not cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 11 teeth, the basal intermediate lamella elongate as
in the female of 0. granifrons, the scape being without teeth at base
for nearly one-half of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 75 ; greatest length of
carapace 12 ; width of carapace 11 ; distance of eyes from anterior
median edge 8 ; width of hand 9 ; length of hand-back G^-, of movable
finger 9^, of tail 40 ; width of first caudal segment 4^, of fifth caudal
segment 3.

Locality. 11 males and 1 female collected at Port Nolloth,
Namaqualand.

This species is closely allied to 0. granifrons, Pocock ; but in the
latter the fourth caudal segment has distinct, granular, median and
infero-lateral keels below, with only a few coarse and fine granules
between the keels. Further in granifrons the under side of the
humerus is nearly smooth, the posterior sternite is weakly granular
in the female, and that of the male is much more coarsely granular
than in granicauda. In granifrons the number of pectinal teeth
varies from 14-22 in the male and from 10-18 in the female.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS ATEE, n. sp.

Male (recently killed, in alcohol).

Colour of whole animal purplish black ; the teeth of the pectines,
the median groove of carapace and the soft skin joining the seg-
ments of the limbs white ; the under surface of the terminal tarsi,
the basal part of the claws and the spiracles pallid ; the fingers,
the base of aculeus and the convexities of the interocular area of
carapace dark reddish.

Carapace as long as the first and second caudal segment and one-
third of the third ; its interocular area coarsely granular in the
anterior part and in front of the median eye-tubercle, but smooth on
the convexities ; sides of the carapace coarsely granular, especially
along the borders of the interocular area ; median eyes a little less
than a third of the length of carapace from the posterior edge ;
median groove distinctly forked in front, white.

New South African Scorpions. 17

Tcrga as in the male of 0. granicauda, but the three elevations of
the seventh segment are very low.

Sterna smooth and polished, finely punctured, the posterior seg-
ment somewhat roughened at the sides ; spiracles with a straight
anterior and arcuate posterior edge, the rather wide space between
these edges occupied by a pale yellowish plate.

Gauda moderate ; its upper surface coarsely granular in segments
14, nearly smooth in segment 5, the median groove finely granu-
lar in the anterior, smooth in the posterior segments ; upper crests
granular, weak in segment 1, the terminal tooth enlarged in the
fourth segment ; upper lateral crests weakly granular ; infero-lateral
and median crests completely obsolete in segments 1-4, serrated
in segment 5 ; sides of cauda weakly granular, more strongly so in
the first and fifth segments ; ventral surface of first three caudal
segments smooth, polished, and finely punctate, that of fourth
segment somewhat roughened with pits and minute granules ; fifth
segment coarsely granular below ; vesicle minutely granular on the
basal half of lower surface.

Palps. All the crests of the hurnerus and its upper and anterior
surfaces coarsely granular, the lower surface nearly smooth ; upper
crest of brachium crenulated, posterior surface coarsely granular ;
hands with long hairs, moderately convex above, the upper surface
covered with strong isolated granules ; finger-keel weak, granular or
crenulated ; inner part of upper surface of hand with no trace of
the secondary keels, the outer part of the upper surface with traces
of a secondary keel ; inner edge of hand denticulate ; middle of
hand slightly exceeding the length of hand-back.

Legs. Lower edge of femora coarsely granular, anterior surface
of posterior femora finely and sparsely granular ; tarsi of fourth pair
of legs with 1 external and 3-4 internal spines below, those of the
third pair with 2 external and 3-4 internal spines below, in addition
to the 4 external and 5 internal spines on the terminal lobes ; superior
process much shorter than the lateral lobes.

Operculum much broader than long, completely cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 13 teeth, the scape rounded at the base behind and
free of teeth for one-fifth of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 54 ; greatest length
of carapace 8-J ; width of carapace ? (specimen damaged) ; distance
of eyes from anterior median edge 6 ; width of hand 5-4- ; length of
hand-back 5, of movable finger 64-, of tail 32 ; width of first caudal
segment 4, of fifth caudal segment 3.

Locality. K single, somewhat mutilated specimen from Steirikopf,
Namaqualand.

2

18 Annals of the South African Museum.

This species is remarkable for its dark coloration and the absence
of keels from, and smoothness of, the under surface of the first four
caudal segments. It shows considerable affinity to 0. granicauda.
The structure of the cephalothorax resembles that of granicauda
and granifrons.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS LEIPOLDTI, n. sp.
Plate III., fig. 5.

Male (recently killed, in alcoJiol}.

Colour of carapace and abdomen brown, the last segment
yellowish ; the interocular area of carapace, the palps, legs, and
tail pale ochraceous ; the carapace along the sides of the inter-
ocular area blackened ; the crests of the palps, the fingers, and the
mandibles black or blackish brown.

Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal
segment ; it's interocular area coarsely granular in the anterior half,
nearly smooth on the convexities behind ; sides of the carapace
granular, coarsely so along the borders of the interocular area ;
length of carapace 3i 3f times the distance of median eyes from
posterior edge ; median groove distinctly forked in front.

Tcrfja as in 0. granicauda.

Sterna. Segments 1-3 (or 2-3) weakly granular along posterior
border and in the middle, the first sometimes quite smooth; segment
4 densely granular in the middle and posteriorly, very finely so
laterally ; segment 5 (and the first caudal segment below r ) keelless,
very densely and evenly covered with low, oval granules, which are
somewhat less coarse but denser and more numerous than in the
male of granifrons and capensis ; spiracles with parallel edges.

Cauda less robust than in granifrons ; the upper surface in seg-
ment 1 coarsely granular, in the following segments with a few
scattered granules or nearly smooth ; upper crests granular, the ter-
minal tooth enlarged and spiniform in segments 2-4 ; upper lateral
crests well developed, granular, in the fifth segment weak and present
only on the anterior half ; infero-lateral crests practically obsolete in
segment 1, the median crests completely absent in the same segment,
both these crests weakly granular in segment 2, more strongly so in
segments 3 and 4, strongly granular in segment 5 ; sides and under
surface of segments 2-5 with scattered granules, the under surface
of segment 2 more densely granular between the keels ; vesicle
smooth ; fifth caudal segment more than three times as long as
broad.

Palps, All the 'crests of the humerus together with its upper-

Ncic South African Scorpions. 19

anterior, and lower surface coarsely granular; upper crest of brachium
coarsely granular, the posterior surface with a few granules and some
semicircular elevations round the bases of the hairs along the middle ;
hands pilose, slightly convex above and covered with lo\v rounded
elevations ; finger-keel strong and nearly smooth ; the secondary
keels weak, granular, marked with black lines ; inner edge of hand
denticulate ; width of hand equal to the length of hand-back.

Legs with lower edge of femora coarsely granular, anterior surface
of posterior femora finely granular ; tarsi of fourth pair of legs
with no external and 5-6 internal spines below, in addition to the
3 external and 4 internal spines on the terminal lobes ; tarsi of the
third pair with a minute or no external and 4-5 internal spines below,
in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal spines on the terminal
lobes ; the superior process as long as the lateral lobes.

Operculum transversely oval, much broader than long, completely
cleft longitudinally.

Pectincs with 13-15 teeth, scape rounded at the base behind and
free of teeth for one-third of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 97 ; greatest length of
carapace 14 ; width of carapace 12 ; distance of eyes from anterior
median edge 9i ; width of hand 7i ; length of hand-back 7i, of
movable finger 13, of tail 56 ; width of first caudal segment 5^-, of
fifth caudal segment 4.

Female (recently killed, in alcohol).

Differs from the male in the following characters :

Colour. The humerus and brachium in some specimens more or
less blackened.

Carapace as long as the first and second caudal segment and half
the third.

Terfja. Segments 1-6 shiny, smooth or roughened in the middle,
finely granular at the sides, the granulated area increasing in the
posterior segments ; median keel smooth.

Sterna. Segments 1-4 smooth and polished ; segment 5 weakly
and evenly granular, smooth only along the anterior border, the
granules more numerous than in the female of 0. granifrons, Pocock.

Cauda rather weak ; infero-lateral crests sometimes weakly
developed in segment 1 ; under surface of segments 1 and 2
weakly granular, like the last segment of the sterna.

PaZps. Hands broad, robust, cordate at base, strongly convex
above ; the inner part of the upper surface thickly covered with low
rounded granules ; secondary keels weak, composed of a row of

20 Annals of the South African Museum.

black granules, slightly larger than the others ; finger-keel strong,
nearly smooth, often interrupted in the proximal part.

Operculum cordate, slightly broader than long, deeply ernarginate
behind, but not completely cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 8-12 teeth, scape free of teeth at base for about
two-fifths of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 100 ; greatest length
of carapace 14-J- ; width of carapace 13i ; distance of eyes from
anterior median edge 10 ; width of hand 10^ ; length of hand-back
8, of movable finger 12, of tail 49 ; width of first caudal segment 5^-,
of fifth caudal segment 3-J-.

Four adult males, 6 adult females, and 11 young of both sexes
from Clanwilliam (C. L. Lclpoldt}.

This species is closely allied to 0. granifrons, being intermediate
between granifrons and capcnsis.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS FUSCIPES, n. sp.
Female (recently killed, in alcohol).

Colour a deep rich reddish brown ; the terga, with the exception
of a band along the posterior borders, and the carapace along the
lateral borders of the interocular area nearly or quite black ; the
mandibles, the fingers, the crests of palps and of under side of
cauda and the maxillary processes of second pair of legs black ;
the posterior surface of legs, the under side of hands and brachia,
and often also the interocular area and the inner basal portion of
the upper surface of hands lighter in colour ; under side of first
caudal segment and of last abdominal sternite with four black
lines, which are sometimes confluent and are continuations from
the four black keels of the second caudal segment.

Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal
segment and half the third ; the anterior edge between the eyes and
the triangular area with a row of hairs, but otherwise nearly smooth
and straight ; the median groove deep, distinctly forked in front ;
interocular area coarsely granular in its anterior half, weakly
granular or nearly smooth behind ; sides of the carapace coarsely
granular, especially along the borders of the interocular area ;
median eyes one-third, or slightly less than one-third, of the length
of carapace from posterior border.

Terga granular and shiny, the anterior and the mesial portion in
the front segments and the anterior median region in the last seg-
ments but one, very finely granular or only slightly roughened ;
longitudinal keel of segments 2-6 smooth throughout or finely

Ncu- South African Scorpions. 21

granular and smooth only on the tubercle ; seventh segment with a
low, median, granular elevation, but scarcely showing a trace of
the lateral crests.

Sterna smooth and polished, the last segment weakly granular,
except in front and at the sides where it is smooth ; anterior edge of
spiracles straight or nearly so, the posterior edge arched backwards,
the space between the edges thus considerably wider at the middle
than at the ends of the spiracle and occupied by a yellowish plate.

Gaud a slender ; the upper crests granular, the terminal tooth in
segments 2-4 not or but slightly enlarged (in one specimen, however,
enlarged and spiniform) ; upper lateral crests granular, absent on
posterior half of the fifth segment ; infero-lateral and median keels
obsolete in segment 1, weakly granular in segments 2 and 3, granular
in segment 4, serrated in segment 5 ; upper surface granular in
segment 1, nearly smooth, with a few minute granules in segments
2-3 or 2-4, smooth in segment 5 ; intercarinal spaces more or less
granular, the granulation of the basal segment resembling that of
the last sternite ; vesicle sparsely granular at base below.

Palps. All the crests of the humerus, its upper and under sur-
faces and the upper part of the anterior side coarsely granular ;
upper crest of brachium crenulated but not composed of a row of
large isolated granules, anterior lower edge coarsely granular,
posterior edge smooth ; posterior surface of brachium with numerous
smooth, often laterally sinuated ridges placed in rows to form
irregular longitudinal crests ; hands convex above, the whole upper
surface thickly covered with low, broad, rounded granules, which
often anastomose in the basal half ; finger-keel strong, for the
greater part smooth, showing a tendency to break up into granules
only at the base ; secondary keels very weak, defined by black
lines ; the hands wide, their strongly convex inner edge with blunt
granules.

Legs with the lower edge of anterior femora weakly granular ;
tarsi of fourth pair of legs with only 3 spines on the external terminal
lobe and no external spines on the under side ; tarsi of the third and
fourth pair of legs with 8-9 internal spines on the terminal lobe and
the under side together, the fifth spine from the end being some-
times on the lobe, sometimes not ; tarsus of the third pair of legs
with 4 spines on the external lobe and 1 external spine on the under
side as well, which, however, is very small and occasionally absent ;
lateral lobes and the superior median process of equal length.

Operculum cordate, broader than long, emarginate posteriorly, but
not cleft longitudinally.

Pectincs with 9 or 10 teeth, rarely with as many as 11 or 12 ;

22 Annals of the South African Museum

scape toothless for about two-fifths of its length, the posterior basal
angle about 150.

Measurement in Millimetres. Total length 85 ; greatest length of
carapace 13 ; width of carapace 12; distance of eyes from anterior
median edge 8^ ; width of hand 8i ; length of hand-back 8, of
movable finger 9^, of tail 44 ; width of first caudal segment 5, of
fifth caudal segment 4.

Male (recently killed, in alcohol).

Colour of hands lighter above ; terga almost entirely black.

Carapace scarcely longer than first two caudal segments ; posterior
half of interocular area weakly granular or nearly as strongly granu-
lated as the anterior half.

Terga not shiny ; the first 6 segments very densely and minutely
granular, with larger granules near the posterior border in the last
3 or 4 of these segments.

Sterna. First three segments smooth, except along the posterior
edge of the third and sometimes also of the second, where they are
usually roughened ; fourth segment finely granular and rugose, but
smooth in front of the stigmata ; fifth segment entirely covered with
squamiform granules, as is also the lower surface of the first caudal
segment.

Hands much narrower but not longer than in female, more hairy ;
upper surface more weakly granulated, its keels, and especially the
secondary keels, more strongly expressed ; the granules on the inner
edge more pointed.

Operculum transversely oval, completely cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 11-12 teeth ; the scape toothless at base for nearly
one-third of its length, the posterior basal angle 130-135.

Measurements in Millimetres of largest male. Total length 74 ;
greatest length of carapace 11 ; width of carapace 10^ ; distance of
eyes from anterior median edge 7 ; width of hand 6 ; length of hand-
back 5^, of movable finger 10, of tail 41 ; width of first caudal
segment 5 ; of fifth caudal segment 4.

Locality. A number of adult males and females from near the
railway station at Tulbagh Road at the foot of the Waterfall Moun-
tains, Tulbagh Division. They construct deep burrows in the
earth.

This species is very closely allied to 0. capensis. I can find
scarcely a differential character for either of these species which does
not occasionally appear in the other ; excepting, however, (1) the
colour of the legs, the anterior surface of which is deep reddish
brown and the posterior surface lighter in fuscipes, while in capensis

New South African Scorpions.

23

both surfaces are similarly coloured pale ochraceous, becoming
reddish yellow in old spirit specimens ; (2) the shape of the spiracles,
which are very narrow with parallel edges on capensis, but widened
with the posterior edge arched in fuscipcs. The other main dif-
ferences are :

0. capensis (from Cape Peninsula).

Hands smoother above.

Length of hand-back in male
equal to breadth of hand (some-
times less).

Interocular area weakly granu-
lar in front (sometimes coarsely
so).

Pectines in male with pos-
terior basal angle less obtuse.

Operculum cordate, as long as
broad (sometimes broader than
long).

Segments 2-4 of cauda with
large terminal spine on upper
crests.

Sterna 1 4 more coarsely
granular in male.

Tarsi of fourth leg with 4
(sometimes 3) spines on external
lobe.

0. fuscipcs.

Hands rougher above.
Length of hand-back less than
the breadth of hand.

Interocular area coarsely granu-
lar in front.

Basal angle of pectines more
obtuse.

Operculum broader than long.

Upper crests without enlarged
spine (sometimes terminal tooth
enlarged and spiniform).

Sterna 1-4 less coarsely granu-
lar.

Tarsi of fourth leg with 3 spines
on external lobe.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS PERINGUEYI, n. sp.

Female (in alcohol).

Colour dark brownish olivaceous, nearly black, the under side
lighter ; legs, vesicle, interocular area of carapace and the hands
reddish yellow (probably pale ochraceous in fresh specimens) ;
fingers and mandibles greenish black ; maxillary processes not
darkened at the apex.

Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal
segment and one-third of the third ; the interocular area smooth and
polished, finely punctate, not bordered laterally by very coarse
granules, but passing gradually over into the rather finely granular
sides of the carapace ; anterior edge of the carapace weakly granular,
seen from above broadly sinuate, slightly emarginate in the middle ;
median eyes two-sevenths of the length of the carapace from the

24 Annals of the South African Museum.

posterior border ; median groove enlarged in front of the median
eyes, distinctly forked anteriorly, the triangular area long and nearly
smooth, the T-shaped depression behind the median eyes with a few
very minute granules.

Terga very minutely granular, the segments nearly smooth in the
middle and furnished with a longitudinal keel ; last segment coarsely
granular at the sides and behind, with traces of lateral crests, finely
granular on the low, broad, median elevation in front.

Sterna smooth and polished, finely punctate, the last segment
without traces of keels.

Gaud a moderate ; the upper surface granular in segment 1, nearly
smooth, with a few minute granules in segments 2-4, smooth in
segment 5 ; upper crests granular, the terminal tooth enlarged in
segments 2-4 ; upper lateral crests granular, absent from the
posterior half of fifth segment ; infero-lateral and median keels
smooth in segments 1-3, granular in segment 4, serrated in segment
5 ; lateral surfaces of cauda smooth and polished in segments 1 and
2, sparsely and finely granular in segments 3 and 4, coarsely granular
in segment 5 ; vesicle smooth.

Palps. All the crests of the humerus well developed, coarsely
granular, the upper, lower, and anterior surfaces also coarsely
granular, the lower posterior crest reaching to near the distal end of
the humerus ; upper crest of brachium nearly smooth ; anterior
surface of brachium finely granular, the posterior surface with
several smooth and granular crests, weakly granular between the
crests ; hands large, cordate at base, the inner part of the upper
surface depressed, very moderately convex, thickly covered with
punctate anastomosing elevations, which are scarcely raised above
the level of the surface, without a trace of secondary keels ; outer
part of upper surface of hands coarsely granular, with traces of a
secondary keel in the distal part ; finger-keel strong, smooth ; inner
edge of hand bluntly granular ; width of hand considerably exceeding
the length of hand-back.

Legs. Anterior surface of femora finely granular, the lower edge
coarsely so ; tarsi of the two last pairs of legs with 2-3 external and
5-6 internal spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal
spines on the terminal lobes ; the superior process shorter than the
lateral lobes.

Operculum subcordate, broader than long, emarginate behind but
not cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 19 teeth, scape rounded at the base behind and free
of teeth for one-fourth to one-fifth of its length. t

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 103 ; greatest length

Neiv South African Scorpions. 25

of carapace 15i ; width of carapace 15 ; distance of eyes from
anterior median edge 9^ ; width of hand 12i ; length of hand-back
10, of movable finger 17, of tail 56 ; width of first caudal segment 6,
of fifth caudal segment 4.

Male (in alcohol).

The male presents the following differential characters :

Carapace as long as the first and second caudal segments
together.

Cauda more robust.

Terya. Whole surface densely and finely granular, the last seg-
ment coarsely granular at the sides and behind.

Sterna minutely granular at the lateral borders in segments 1-4.

Palps with all the segments much longer than in the female ;
hands long and narrow, with very long fingers ; length of hand-back
exceeding breadth of hand ; inner part of the upper surface of hand
flat, concave distally, weakly granular, nearly smooth in the middle,
with two weak secondary keels ; outer part of the upper surface
very weakly granular, nearly smooth ; inner edge of hand scarcely
denticulate.

Operculum transversely oval, much broader than long, completely
cleft longitudinally.

Pcctincs with 26-28 teeth, the scape rectangular at the base
behind and therefore toothed along its whole length.

Besides these there are other differences which may be put down
to the specimens having possibly been captured in different localities.
The colour of the male, for instance, is much lighter, being brown with
a large black patch on the carapace on each side of the interocular
area, the palps reddish yellow with dark crests, the legs, vesicle,
interocular area, and the hands ochraceous ; further, the surfaces of
the humerus and brachium are much more sparsely granular, the
infero-lateral keels in segments 2 and 3 and the median keels in
segment 3 of cauda are crenulated.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 109 ; greatest length
of carapace 16 ; width of carapace 15i ; distance of eyes from
anterior median edge 10 ; width of hand 10 ; length of hand-back
10, of movable finger 25, of tail 65 ; width of first caudal segment
6^, of fifth caudal segment 4.

Male, nearly adult (in alcohol).

This specimen resembles the female in its coloration and in the
granulation of the surfaces of the humerus and brachium ; the
hands have the shape of those of the female but are narrower

26 Annals of the South African Museum

(breadth of hand 9, length of hand-back 8-1-, of movable finger
and the upper surface is thickly covered with rather coarse and
isolated granules ; secondary keels as in the female ; cauda, terga,
sterna, operculum, and pectines as in the adult male ; pectines with
28 teeth.

Locality. An adult female and a nearly adult male labelled
" Namaqualand," Cape Colony (L. Perinyiicy), and an adult male
with no history attached.

This species is very closely allied to 0. pallidipes, and bears to
the latter species very much the same relation that 0. maccr does
to 0. fossor. Almost the only important difference lies in the
granulation of the carapace, the numerous very coarse granules on
each side of the interocular area, so characteristic of 0. pallidipes,
are replaced by comparatively fine granules in 0. peringueyi.
Further, in 0. pallidipes the carapace is much narrower in pro-
portion to its length and its sides are abruptly deflected and very
steep, being nearer to the perpendicular than to the horizontal ; in
0. pcrinyneyi, on the contrary, the middle part of the upper surface
of the carapace passes over quite gradually into the sides, which
are inclined at the most at an angle of 45, and the length of the
carapace is but slightly in excess of its breadth.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS LATICAUDA, 11. sp.
Plate IV., fig. 6.

Male (dry].

Colour reddish brown, legs and palps lighter underneath ; the
mandibles, fingers, finger-keel, upper and lower posterior crests of
the hurnerus and brachium, the maxillary processes of the first and
second pairs of legs, the infero-lateral keels of first three caudal
segments and the greater part of ventral surface of abdomen
blackened ; carapace along the borders of the interocular area also
darker.

Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal
segment and one-fourth of the third ; its interocular area \veakly
granular in front, smooth on the convexities behind, the anterior
edge between the eyes and the triangular area distinctly, if some-
what weakly, granular ; sides of the carapace coarsely granular,
especially along the borders of the interocular area ; median eyes
more than a quarter of the length of carapace from the posterior
border ; median groove distinctly forked in front.

Terga densely and minutely granular, with coarser granules in the
posterior half of segments 3-6 ; seventh segment coarsely granular,

New South African Scorpions. 27

except on the anterior median part ; segments 3-6 weakly keeled on
the posterior half, segment 7 with a low, broad, coarsely granulated
elevation on each side behind, but with no median elevation.

Sterna smooth, segments 1-4 finely granular at the lateral
borders ; last segment smooth in the middle, distinctly keeled on
each side, the region between the keel and the lateral margin with
a depression posteriorly and a few large and small granules in front
of the depression.

Gauda very wide and robust; the upper surface smooth, granular
only in segment 1 towards the sides ; upper crests granular, the
terminal tooth enlarged and spiniform in segments 2-4 ; upper
lateral crests granular, in segment 5 weak and present only on the
anterior half ; infero-lateral crests distinct and smooth in segment 1,
weakly crenulated in segment 2, granular in segments 3 and 4 ;
infero -median crests obsolete in segment 1, just visible in segment
2, weakly granular in segments 3 and 4 ; intercarinal spaces smooth,
if a few isolated granules be excepted ; basal segment quite smooth
below ; fifth segment robust, less than three times as long as broad,
its three inferior keels with strong, sharp teeth ; breadth of second
segment equalling its length along the upper median line ; vesicle
granular at the base below.

Palps. All the crests of the humerus coarsely granular, upper
surface of humerus sparsely granular, anterior surface with very
coarse granules, inferior surface nearly smooth ; upper crest and
posterior surface of brachium coarsely granular ; hands hairy,
rather flat above and. coarsely granular ; finger-keel moderately
strong, granular throughout, secondary keels rather indistinct ;
hands moderately wide, the width considerably exceeding the length
of hand-back ; inner edge sharply denticulate.

Leys with the lower edge of all the femora coarsely granular ;
tarsi of fourth leg with 1-2 external and 5 internal spines below,
and 4 on the external terminal lobe ; superior process shorter than
the lateral lobes.

Opcrculum transversely oval, considerably broader than long,
completely cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 15-16 teeth, the scape rounded at the base behind
and free of teeth for about one-fourth of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 101 ; greatest length
of carapace 15i ; width of carapace 14 ; distance of eyes from
anterior median edge 10i ; width of hand 11 ; length of hand-back
9, of movable finger 16|, f tail 58 ; width of first caudal segment
74-, of fifth caudal segment 5.

Locality. A single specimen labelled " Calvinia " (P. Percival).

28 Annals of the South African Museum.

This species is easily distinguished from 0. granifrons, which it
resembles, by the smoothness of the ventral surface of the last
abdominal and first caudal segment and by the stoutness of the
tail. In the male of 0. granifrons the fifth caudal segment is more
than 3-J- times as long as broad, and the second caudal segment is
considerably narrower than its own length on the upper median
line. Further, in 0. granifrons the tarsus of the fourth leg has 110
external spine below and only three on the external terminal lobe.

GEN. PAEABUTHUS Pocock.

PAKABUTHUS CALVUS, n. sp.
Plate IV., fig. 7.

Male (recently killed, in alcohol).

Colour ochraceous, the legs and palps paler than the trunk ; the
median eye-tubercle blackened.

Carapace wider than long, much narrowed anteriorly, the anterior
width being only one-half the posterior width ; median groove wide,
almost smooth, except near the anterior margin of frons, where it is
granular ; sides of the carapace with several transverse depressions,
which are almost smooth ; median eye-tubercle situated in front of
the middle of carapace, quite smooth, as is also a broad band ex-
tending 011 each side from this tubercle obliquely forwards nearly as
far as the lateral eyes ; rest of the carapace finely granular, the
interocular area with coarser granulation ; carapace with a few hairs
on anterior edge, but with no trace of hairs or crests on the upper
surface.

Terga. The segments finely granular in the posterior, roughened
in the anterior part; the anterior six with a median keel; the seventh
with four granular crests, its upper surface smooth at the sides,
densely and finely granular (shagreened) on the shallow median
depression.

Sterna smooth and polished, with traces of fine granulation at
the extreme lateral borders ; the last segment with four obsolete
keels, entirely smooth.

Cauda very stout, the first three segments of equal width, as
wide as the breadth of the carapace across the median eyes, the
fourth segment narrower than the preceding ones, the fifth narrower
than the fourth ; first two caudal segments flattened above, with a
shallow, elongate depression in the middle, which is shagreened in
the same manner as that on the last tergal segment, the upper
surface at the anterior edge of the depression projecting forwards

New South African Scorpions. 29

step-like and then suddenly descending perpendicularly ; segments
3-5 convex from before backwards, but concave from side to side,
only the third being provided with a small patch of shagreened
surface in the middle ; first three caudal segments with ten keels,
the three upper pairs of keels weakly granular, but equally developed
in each segment (the uppermost parallel, not converging behind),
the two inferior pairs smooth in segment 1, weakly granular in
segment 2, and more coarsely granular in segment 3, these three
segments smooth and polished between the keels ; fourth caudal
segment with the uppermost crests weakly granular and all the
other crests practically or quite obsolete, its whole surface, with the
exception of a very few low remote granules smooth and polished ;
fifth caudal segment with the uppermost crests practically obsolete
and represented only by a few weak granules, the inferior lateral
crests obsolete anteriorly, represented posteriorly by 3 coarse
granules followed by 2 large teeth ; upper and lateral surfaces of fifth
segment smooth and polished, the inferior surface with a few
granules along the middle and 3-4 similar ones scattered on each
side, otherwise also smooth and polished ; vesicle with several rows
of granules on the lower surface.

Palps. Superior and anterior surface of humerus roughened, with
parallel edges, bordered by a row of granules, the anterior surface
with two irregular series of coarse conical granules ; brachrum
scarcely roughened on the surface, the front edge with a few
granules distributed along its length and a large tooth at the base ;
front and hind edges of brachium nearly parallel, only slightly con-
verging distally ; hand long and slender, much thinner than the
brachium (when viewed from above) ; fingers long, incurved, the
movable one two and a half times as long as the hand-back.

Legs with a row of granules along the upper and lower edges of
femora, otherwise almost smooth.

Pectines shorter than the carapace, with 25-26 teeth, the pos-
terior basal angle of the scape produced into a broad prominent lobe.
Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 63 ; length of cara-
pace 7 ; width of carapace 8 ; distance of eyes from anterior edge
3 ; length of humerus (along upper side) 5i, of brachium 6-J, of
hand-back 3, of movable finger 7-J-; width of humerus If, of
brachium (at base of large anterior tooth) 2J, of hand If; length
of tail 38, of first caudal segment 5, of fifth 7 ; width of first caudal
segment 6, of fourth of, of fifth 5, of vesicle 4J ; height of first
caudal segment 4^-, of fifth 3-f, of vesicle 3.

A single specimen collected by Mr. Max Schlechter in the Onder
Bokkeveld, Bokkeveld Mountains, Calvinia.

30 Annals of the South African Museum.

The sex of this specimen is beyond doubt, as the usual pair of
chitinous stylets, characteristic of the male, is present, attached to
the soft skin at the posterior end of the genital orifice. This species
is well characterised by the smoothness and the remarkable thick-
ness of the cauda. It comes nearest to P. planicauda, Pocock, the
female and male of which have similar palps,* although the movable
finger in the latter species is shorter in proportion to the length of
the hand-back. The shagreened part of the caudal segments is also
similar in both species. The lobe-like basal angle of the scape of
the pectines is peculiar, exactly resembling that occurring in the
female of planicauda.

Synopsis of the Species of OPISTHOPHTHALMUS

in the collection of the South African Museum, which have the median groove of
the carapace distinctly forked in front and the eye-tubercle situated far behind
the middle of the carapace. f

a. Under side of the first 4 caudal segments convex, not grooved longitudinally,
with the median crests quite obsolete, represented at most by black lines.
(The superior process of the tarsi much shorter than the lateral lobes.)

a 1 . External lobe of tarsus of 4th leg with 3 spines; interocular area of cara-
pace nearly smooth, the granules bordering it only slightly coarser than
the rest. Little Bushmanland <? ? 0. schlccJitcri, n. sp.

ft 1 . External lobe of tarsus of 4th leg with 4 spines ; interocular area granular
on the anterior half, bordered on each side by a strip of coarser granules.

-. Entirely black ; lower surface of abdomen and of first 3 caudal segments
smooth and polished, that of 4th caudal segment somewhat roughened ;
terminal tarsus of 4th leg with 1 external spine below. Namaqua-
land, C. C f 0. atcr, n. sp.

b-. Ochraceous to brown, the abdomen darker ; lower surface of last
abdominal and of first 4 caudal segments densely and finely granular
in the <? , smooth in the ? , except in the 3rd and 4th caudal segments,
which are also thickly granular ; terminal tarsus of 4th leg with no
external spine below. Naniaqualand, C. C. <? ? O. granicauda, n. sp.

b. Under side of the 4th caudal segment with distinct median and lateral keels,
the surface distinctly grooved between the keels.

ft3. Last segment of the sterna always coarsely, though often somewhat
weakly granular, at least in the middle ; terminal tarsus of 4th leg

* The specimens described by Pocock (Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), vol. in., 1889, p. 345)
as the male of planicauda belong to another species.

t O.fossor with occasionally partially developed fork, 0. intcrmcdius, Kraepelin,
with incompletely developed fork, and 0. latro, Thor. (the last two being unknown
to me), are the only species omitted, which may possibly be brought into this
category.

New South African Scoi^ions 31

with a single row of spines below (in capcnsis occasionally with a
minute external spine in addition) and with 3-4 spines on the
external terminal lobe.

a 4 . Interocular area of carapace smooth or nearly so, not bordered
on each side by a strip of coarse granules ; sterna coarsely
granular in all the segments. (Tarsus of 4th leg with 4 spines
on the external lobe, superior process shorter than the lobes.)
Port Elizabeth * ? O. pictus, Kraep.

b 4 . Interocular area normally granular or rugoso-granular in the
anterior half ; sides of the carapace coarsely granular, especially
along the borders of the interocular area ; the ultimate and
often, also, the posterior part of the penultimate segment of
the sterna in the ? , and the posterior 2-5 segments in the
adult <? , granulated.

a 5 . Finger-keel and upper crest of brachium composed of a row
of coarse granules ; outer part of upper surface of hand
coarsely granular ; superior process of tarsi shorter than
the lateral lobes. (Legs pale ochraceous ; external lobe of
tarsus of 4th leg with 3 spines only.) Namaqualand, C. C.

c? ? 0. granifrons, Pocock.

b s . Finger-keel almost smooth ; superior process of tarsus at
least as long as the lateral lobes.

a 6 . Legs and interocular area of carapace pale ochraceous
(becoming reddish yellow in old spirit specimens) ; ter-
minal tooth of upper crests of 2-4. Caudal segments
mostly enlarged and spiniform.

a". Upper crest of brachium composed of a row of
coarse granules ; tarsus of 4th leg with 3 spines on
the exterior terminal lobe. Clanwilliam

c? ? 0. lelpoldtl, n. sp.

6 7 . Upper crest of brachium almost smooth ; tarsus of
4th leg with 3-4 spines on the outer lobe. Cape,
Stellenbosch 3 ? 0. capcnsis, Herbst.

b 6 . Legs (and whole animal) of a rich deep reddish brown
colour above, paler below ; anterior edge of spiracles
straight or nearly so, the posterior edge arched back-
wards, the space between the edges thus considerably
wider at the middle than at the ends of the spiracle ;
tarsus of 4th leg with 3 spines on the external lobe ;
terminal tooth of upper caudal crests rarely enlarged.
Tulbagh <f ? 0. fuscipes, n. sp.

63. Last segment of the sterna smooth in the middle (sometimes fur-
nished in the <? of pallldipcs with exceedingly minute scattered
granules, invisible to the naked eye) ; terminal tarsus of 4th leg
with a double row of spines, viz., 1-3 external and 4-G internal
spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal spines on
the terminal lobes. (Superior process of tarsus shorter than the
lateral lobes.)

* Also Orange Free State (Kraepelin).

32 Annals of the South African Museum.

a s . Interocular area of carapace granular on its anterior half
(and bordered laterally by coarse granules) ; under side of
humerus smooth ; pectines of <? with about 15 or 16 teeth, the
scape rounded at base behind and free of teeth for about
two-sevenths of its length. Hand of c? stout, coarsely granular
above, its breadth much exceeding the length of hand-back.
Calvinia 3 0. laticauda, n. sp.

b s . Interocular area smooth (mpallidipes sometimes weakly granular
anteriorly) ; under side of humerus coarsely granular ; pectines
in <j with 24-31 teeth, the scape rectangular at the base behind
and toothed throughout its length ; pectines in ? with 16-22
teeth, the scape rounded at the base behind and free of teeth
for about one-fourth to one-sixth of its length ; hand of adult 3
nearly smooth above, slender, with very long fingers, the breadth
of hand not exceeding the length of hand-back.

a 9 . Sides of the carapace abruptly deflected and very steep, very
coarsely granular, especially along the borders of the in-
terocular area. Namaqualand, van Rhijnsdorp, Clanwilliam,

Calvinia, and Piquetberg Divisions

<? ? 0. pallidipcs, C. L. Koch.

b 9 . Sides of the carapace gradually and not very much deflected,
with no coarse granulation bordering the interocular area.
Namaqualand, C. C <? ? 0. pcrinyueyi, u. sp.

Ann. S. Air. Mas. Vol.1.

PI. I.

Fig. 1. Opisthopthalrmis karrooensis. o

West, "Newman.

Ann. S.Aik Mus. Vol.1.

>1. II.

Fig. 3.

"WestFewman lith.

Fig. [ Opistkoplitkalimis karroo en sis, d 1 (rutt -sine,.]
Fig. 3. 0. flavescens. o (jw

S.Ak. Mas. Vol. 1.

PI III.

Fig. 4a.

Fig. 5.

We si , Newman lith

rig 4<. OpistL oplialraus fossor, g (TLO*

Fig. 4a. palp of ad. c? (4io* 5^&j Fig. 5. 0. leipoldti. (77^x6 s-i

Ann. S.Afr.Mus.Vol.I.

PL IV.

Fag. 7.

West, Newman Jit."h

Fig. 6. Opisthoplithalmus laticauda. c? ( -nab si>i&. ,
Fig. 7. Pax-atutkus calv\is. d 1

(33)

II. Description of some New or Little Known South African
Mutillidce, in the Collection of the South African Museum.
By L. PEBINGUEY, Assistant Director.

THE number of described South African species, exclusive of two
which are in synonymy, and one the identity of which is dubious,
is 49. Twenty-three of these are represented in the Cabinet. I am
now giving the description of 87 more, which I have reason to
believe have not been described hitherto, with perhaps the exception
of 2, the description of which I have not been able to procure.

So far as is now known the recorded South African species exceed
by 12 the Mutillidae of British India, including Ceylon and Burma.

The two sexes of 9 species only out of 139 are ascertained ; it is,
however, probable that 20 males described singly by different
authors, myself included, \vill prove to be identical with females
already known.

Bingham describes both sexes of 5 species only in his ' Fauna of
British India,' London, 1897, out of 120 species known to occur
there. This goes to prove that it is not only in South Africa that
little attention or observation has been paid to that family of
Hymenoptera.

In South Africa the sexes of the following species are now known
with certainty :

Mutilla thyonc, Per., bred from the cocoons of a Clythrid beetle
by Dr. H. Brauns.

J/. sycorax, Sm., bred by myself from the mud-nests of Pclop&us
spirifex.

M. capicola, Per., caught in copula by myself.
.If. galantkis, Per., caught in copula by myself.
M. capensis, Sauss., caught in copula by myself.

M. purpurata, Sm., caught in copula by Dr. H. Brauns.

3

34 Annals of the South African Museum.

M. speculatrix, Sm., caught in copula by Dr. Purcell, Mr. E.
Lightfoot, and myself.

M. helle, Per., both sexes found drowned in a pool of water, still
adhering to one another.

M. aglaea, Per., bred by Dr. H. Brauns from the nest of a
Ceratina.

It is also most probable that Mutilla angulata, Sm., is the male of
M. horrida, Sm., and that the males of M. tecmessa and M. agave
are what I believe them to be, but I have some doubt as to the
identity of the male of M. themis, although both sexes were sent to
me as having been caught in coitil; M. exaltata, Sm., might also
prove to be the male of M. alcyone, Pe'r.

It is difficult to estimate the number of South African species, but
I think that it will be probably double the one now known. Dr. H.
Brauns, who is one of the few entomologists who have paid special
attention in South Africa to the collecting of the Order, has collected
in the vicinity of Port Elizabeth no less than 45 species. In my rare
collecting trips I have found an abundance of them on the edge of
the Karroo, while Namaqualand, Damaraland, and neighbouring
territories, have not yet been searched systematically for that special
group of parasitic insects.

In spite of their great resemblance all the world over, there is a
difference in the general appearance and colouring of the forms from
the western parts of South Africa and from the eastern ones ; that
difference is not so well marked as in other Orders, but yet it is
noticeable, and will doubtless be more apparent when more species
have been collected.

For facilitating the identification I have divided the species in
different groups according to the disposition or absence of the
abdominal bands or spots. This arrangement may prove to be only
provisional, but I have found it so far to fail less egregiously than
the others I have attempted.

Some New or Little Known South African MutilliclcB. 35

OEDEE HYMENOPTERA.

TEIBE FOSSORES.
FAMILY MUTILLID^.

GEN. APTEEOGYNA, Latreille,
Gen. Crust. & Insect., iv., 1809, p. 121.

Synopsis of Species.

? Head, thorax, legs, and basal segments of abdomen pale
testaceous A. cybelc.

? Posterior part of the head, thorax, and first abdominal
segment testaceous red ; legs fuscous A.clymenc.

3 Black, with the two basal abdominal segments, the an-
tennae and legs red A. mncmosina.

APTEEOGYNA CYBELE.

Female. Head, antennae, thorax, first abdominal segment and
legs testaceous red, the other abdominal segments black ; the whole
body is clothed with long pale hairs ; head striolate in the centre
and clothed besides the hairs with a very short, silky pubescence ;
prothorax subparallel laterally and separated from the mesothorax by
a very distinct transverse groove, mesothorax hexagonal, meta-
thorax sloping, the posterior part with a sharp ridge, emarginate in
the middle ; first abdominal segment very rugose, the second,
third, and sixth distinctly striolate, the fourth and fifth smooth ; the
third, fourth, and fifth have a narrow margin of moderately dense,
silky, whitish hairs ; ventral carina of the basal segment very short
and dentiform. Length 6-12 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Worcester, Namaqualand).
Allied to A. savignyi from Egypt.

APTEEOGYNA CLIMENE.

Female. Eesembles very much A. cybele, but the colour of the
thorax and first abdominal segment is redder ; the head is infuscate

36 Annals of the South African Museum.

laterally and in front and is occasionally quite black ; the legs are
black, or piceous black, and the sculpture of the thorax and abdomen
consists of deeper punctures, and in the latter the striolation is more
distinct and the intervals are almost longitudinal on the second and
third segments. Length 6-13 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Namaqualand, Port Elizabeth).

Like the preceding one, this species varies much in size, and in
the larger examples the punctures and the striolation are much
more striking. The large examples resemble A. mutilloides from
India.

APTEROGYNA MNEMOSINA.

Male. Head, thorax, and the four apical abdominal segments
black ; metathorax with a ferruginous patch above the posterior
declivity ; first and second joints of abdomen red ; antennae and
legs testaceous red ; the whole body clothed with short, very dense
greyish hairs ; head small, thickly pubescent, eyes not emarginate ;
thorax roughly punctured, metathorax with two median grooves
diverging from the apex to the base, scutellum much raised, pos-
terior declivity truncate ; abdomen closely punctured, second seg-
ment narrowly grooved from base to apex in the middle, third
segment also with a narrow shallow median line, and fringed with a
greyish dense pubescence, the other apical three segments clothed
with the same pubescence which has a silky, whitish sheen laterally ;
wings hyaline with the nervures and the stigma brown and a sub-
apical brown patch reaching from the upper margin to one-third of
the width. Length 15 mm.

Hab. Damaraland (Walfish Bay).

Size and shape of A. globular ia, Fabr., but otherwise coloured;
the antennae are much more filiform, the abdomen is closely punc-
tured instead of being striolate, and the second and third segments
are not grooved in the dorsal part in A. globularia.

Some Neiv or Little Known South African Mutillidce

37

GEN. MUTILLA, Linn.,
Syst. Natur., Ed. 10A, 1758, pp. 343, 582.

(FEMALES AND MALES.)
FIRST DIVISION.

Synopsis of Species.
BASAL ABDOMINAL SEGMENT LONG OR VERY LONG, NODOSE AT APEX.

A 3 . DORSAL PART OF ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS HAVING APICAL BANDS

OF WHITE OR ORANGE HAIRS, BUT NO MEDIAN PATCH ON THE
SECOND SEGMENT.

a 4 . First abdominal segment long, petiolate.

b 3 . First abdominal segment banded, bands non-interrupted.

? Thorax subhexagonal, more attenuate from the median part to
the apex than in the anterior part, ferruginous red ; head and
abdomen black, first segment equal in size in both sexes, intermediate ! . ,
and posterior tibiae with only one submedian spine

c? Prothorax and mesothorax red, nietathorax black, subquadrate ;
second abdominal segment without any ventral carina

a 3 . First abdominal segment very long.
b~. Two basal segments banded.

? Thorax subhexagoual and very much attenuate in the posterior
part, median part with a lateral, conical tubercle ; apical band of the
second abdominal segment produced in the middle in the shape of
a narrow triangle reaching to about one-third of the length ; tibiae
with only two spines bcroS.

Body entirely black, elongate, thorax similar in shape to that of
the preceding species, apical band of first segment interrupted
laterally syrinx.

a-. First abdominal segment very long and slender in the male,
moderately long in the female.
b l . Three basal segments banded.

Thorax diagonal laterally from the anterior angle to about one-\
third of the length, outer sides subparallel, basal part nearly as broad
as the apical one ; head and abdomen black ; thorax ferruginous red \-galantliis.

3 Whole upper
attenuate behind

part of the thorax red, nietathorax a little

A 2 . DORSAL PART OF ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS WITH MEDIAN APICAL

PATCHES AND BAND.

a 1 . First abdominal segment very long in the male, subsessile in
the female.

38 Annals of the South African Museum.

? Thorax very long, hexagonal, black with a large dorsal reddish
patch ; first and second abdominal segments with a small apical
white patch, second segment bright red, third segment clothed with
a pubescent band hardly interrupted in the centre ; tibiae with a
supra-apical spine eurydice.

? Thorax long, angular laterally ; abdomen red with the apex of
the second segment, the third and fifth black, third and fourth
clothed with a white band, basal one with a central patch clana'e.

A 1 . ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS WITHOUT WHITE BAND OB SPOT.

(No female.)

(FEMALES AND MALES.)
SECOND DIVISION.

*

C 2 . BASAL SEGMENT SUBSESSILE on SESSILE IN THE FEMALE AND

IN THE MALE.
A 6 . No BAND OR SPOT ON THE ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS.

? Light testaceous, covered with a short, dense flavescent
pubescence ; head and apical joints of antennae black ; thorax sub-
parallel polyxenc.

A 5 . ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS WITH BANDS, BUT NO SPOT.
a 9 . The second abdominal segment with an interrupted band.

a 8 . The two basal abdominal segments with a band, non-inter-
rupted. (No female.)

? Head with three very distinct ocelli ; thorax truncate at apex,
much constricted laterally in the middle with the posterior part
produced triangularly on each side, disk with a sharp spine at about
the scutellary part crigone.

? Thorax narrowing from apex to base, where it is one-fourth
narrower, anterior angles sharp, outer sides slightly sinuate at
about one-fourth of the length and having three sharp and very
distinct lateral spines from the median part to the top of the
declivity cvadne.

a?. The three basal abdominal segments with a white band, non-
interrupted.

b 2 . Bands straight.

? Thorax parallel, not narrower at base than at apex, outer
sides with five short teeth, two of \vhich are formed by the
anterior and posterior angles, posterior part truncate perpendicu-
larly, top of the declivity with a sharp, short tooth on each side
and one in the middle, sides serrulate althcea.

? Thorax a little sloping in the anterior part, and diagonally
attenuate from the anterior angle to the base, where it is narrowed
to about half the width, sides subserrate, not emarginate ; tibiae
spinose aids.

Some Ncio or Little Known South African Mutillidce. 39

? Thorax subhexagonal, median part aculeate, anterior part not
incised, or hardly so laterally, posterior part one-third narrower at
base than the apex, declivity subtruncate, sides of thorax not
serrulate, first abdominal segment subelongate, petiolate ; tibise
with one or two submedian spines bands.

? Thorax truncate and serrulate at apex, straight laterally from
one-third of the length and tridentate, attenuated from there to the
declivity in the shape of a broadly truncate cone, outer sides cari-
nate and serrulate to the very base, declivity abrupt latona.

? Thorax long, straight laterally, but with the posterior part
narrowed but also straight, abdomen oblong, first segment as wide
at apex as the base of the second, which is very slightly ampliate
in the middle aglae.

? Thorax truncate at apex, parallel laterally for one-third of the
length, and with four short teeth, narrowed from there to the
declivity, which is very abrupt, sides serrulate, abdomen pyriform ilytliia.

b 1 . Bands triangular on the first and second segments.

? Thorax deeply incised laterally at about one-third of the
length, parallel from there to the perpendicular declivity, deeply
foveate with the intervals distinctly carinate from apex to base ;
head striolate, first basal segment entirely covered by a triangular
patch, that of the second segment produced triangularly towards
the median part which it does not reach callirhoe.

? Thorax similar in shape to that of J/. callirlioP, but not so
deeply foveate, and with the intervals also raised but not carinate
longitudinally, first basal segment with a narrow apical band ; head
with two distinct ocelli glance.

? Thorax similar in shape to that of the two preceding species,
and similar in sculpture to that of M. glance; band on first
abdominal segment broadly triangular, that on the second segment
produced in a broad triangle, the point of which reaches the median
part ; head without ocelli electra.

a 6 . The three first basal segments of abdomen banded, band on
third segment interrupted in the middle. (No female.)

I.
C 1 . ABDOMEN SESSILE IN BOTH SEXES.

Thorax incised laterally at a short distance from the apex, parallel

from there to the declivity which is perpendicular, deeply

foveate with the intervals carinate.

? Head not quite as broad as the thorax, dark with a small
ferruginous round patch on the vertex, pubescent baud of abdomen
white callisto.

40

Annals of the South African Museum.

-helle.

? Head broader than the thorax, red with the anterior part\
black, abdominal bands bright orange [ ,

cf Black, with the prothorax and mesothorax, scutellum and [
tegulas red ; mesothorax with two conspicuous longitudinal grooves J

? Head extremely large, mandibles very long, and with a long,
sharp, incurved tooth on the superior and inferior margin at about
the median part ; thorax very sharply angulate in the anterior part,
and bisinuate laterally, posterior angle also angular

<? Head not so broad as thorax, transverse quadrate ; body black,
with the exception of the metathorax, scutellum, and tegulse, which
are red

5. The three first basal segments of abdomen banded, band of
the second abdominal segment emarginate in the anterior part, or
interrupted in the centre.

? Thorax broadest in the anterior part, incised at about one-
fourth of the length, subparallel from there to the posterior
declivity ; abdominal bands yellow, apical band of the second
segment emarginate in the centre

bcrcnice.

? Thorax very sloping diagonally on each side at apex, sub-
parallel laterally for two-thirds of the length, and ampliated in the
posterior part for the remaining third ; abdominal bands white, the
one on the second segment incised in the middle in the shape of
a V purpurata.

? Thorax truncate at apex, parallel or nearly so laterally for half
the length, gradually ampliated from there to the declivity which
is perpendicular, with the upper margin and the sides distinctly
denticulate ; central part only of apex of first segment banded,
second segment with two nearly coalescent patches in the middle,
band on third segment non-interrupted antiope.

a 4 . Bands on the second and third segments interrupted in the
centre. (No female.)

a 3 . The four basal segments of abdomen with non-interrupted
bands.

? Thorax gradually narrowed from apex to base, very slightly
sinuate in the middle, truncate behind with the sides of the-
declivity not serrate ; tibiae non-spinose taygcte.

a-. The four intermediate abdominal segments with a non-inter-
rupted band, basal and apical ones without.

? Thorax gradually narrowed laterally from apex to base, where
it is less broad by one-fourth, a rounded projection a little before
the median part ; abdomen pyriform ; tibite without spines . .

melctc.

Thorax subparallel, a little broader at base than at apex, not
emarginate laterally ; abdomen pyriform ; tibiae spinose ariadna.

a 1 . The five basal segments of abdomen with a non-interrupted
band.

Some Neic or Little Known South African Mutillidce. 41

? Thorax with an ante-median, very distinct lateral blunt pro-
jection narrowed from there to the declivity, where it is only half
as wide as the apex, which is slightly sloping on each side with the
angle sharp, sides of the declivity serrulate ; bands yellowish, the
one on the second segment dilated triangularly in the median part cassiopc.

A 4 . ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS BANDED, SECOND SEGMENT WITH A

MOKE OB LESS OVATE SPOT.

a-. The three basal segments banded.

Thorax long, subparallel, slightly bisinuate laterally, a little
broader at base than at apex ; abdomen subpedunculate, bands and
spot on the second segment orange-yellow, the spot elongate, median
and basal; tibiae spinose omplialc.

Thorax long, nearly straight laterally ; abdomen subsessile,
oblong, second segment not ampliate, spot ovate, situated near the
base, bands and spot white ; tibiae without spines thyone.

Thorax gradually attenuate from apex to base ; abdomen slightly
subpedunculate, spot on the second segment connected with the
band on the first segment ; tibiae spinose Icda.

Thorax gradually anipliated laterally to about the median part
and gradually narrowed from there to the declivity, which has a
conspicuous median tubercle on the upper margin, spot elongate,
apical, bands on the second and third segments twice interrupted., anna.

Thorax parallel, spot subbasal, basal segment not banded ; tibiae
spinose ceto.

Thorax straight laterally but a little narrower at base than at
apex, first segment banded, spot elongato-ovate, nearly median ;
tibiee not spinose iris.

Thorax gradually anipliated laterally from apex to base, slightly
emarginate in the centre, spot central ; tibiae not spinose mclpomene.

Thorax parallel, second segment with an elongato-ovate median
patch and a lateral not dense patch on each side of it hccuba.

a 1 . Basal segment with a patch instead of a band, third segment
only with an uninterrupted band.

Thorax parallel, patch on the second segment round, median . . alcyone.

A 3 . ABDOMEN WITH TWO MEDIAN SPOTS ON SECOND SEGMENT.

a 3 . No band or spot on the first segment.

b~. Head not broader than the thorax.

c-. Without aiitemial tubercles.

<P. Third abdominal segment banded, band not interrupted in the centre.

? Thorax long and slender, sloping on each side at apex, attenu-
ated laterally from, apex to base, yellowish in the anterior part,
black in the posterior, the two spots on second segment set close to
one another, flavescent, band on third segment white circe.

42 Annals of the South African Museum.

d 6 . Band interrupted in the centre.

? Thorax long and slender, a little attenuate at both ends,
deeply incised laterally towards the median part, both ends of
incision tuberculate |

<? Black ; abdomen with a lateral white band broadly interrupted \-themis.
in the middle on all segments but the first, the bands on second |
segment invading it all round, and leaving only one hexagonal,
denuded, central patch '

? Thorax long, sloping on each side at apex, straight laterally,
striolate persephone.

Thorax short, truncate at apex, straight laterally, slightly tuber-
culate along the upper edge of the declivity calypso.

&. Third and fourth segments banded, bands interrupted in the middle.
Thorax long, sloping on each side at apex, straight laterally . . penclope.
d 4 . Two lateral patches on second, third, and fourth segments

Thorax ampliated laterally from apex to base and enaarginate
laterally for half the length, a lateral patch on the third and fourth
segments disconnected from the outer margin thyas.

b l . Head broader than the thorax.

c 1 . With antennal tubercles.

rfs. Bands not interrupted, third abdominal segment banded.

Head very large, thorax as broad at base as at apex but sinuate
laterally ino.

Third and fourth abdominal segments banded ; head moderately
large, rounded behind ; thorax with anterior angles projecting,
eniarginate laterally but as broad at base as at apex acrisione.

d-. Third, fourth, and fifth abdominal segments banded.

Head very large, base deeply ernarginate ; thorax parallel, short. . niobe.

Head very large, base not emarginate ; thorax moderately long
with the anterior angles very sharp and projecting, median part
sinuate laterally bcllona.

Head very large, base slightly emarginate ; thorax aculeate
laterally in the anterior part, short, narrowly incised laterally in
the middle pasipliae.

d 1 . All five posterior abdominal segments banded.

Head very large, truncate at base ; thorax short, parallel, spots in
the second segment transverse and nearly contiguoiis in the centre perse.

d~. Basal segment of abdomen with a median apical spot, second
one with an apical spot, bauds or spots on the other segments, no
antenna] tubercle.

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillidce. 43

c 3 . Third abdominal segment banded.

b~. Head deeply scrobiculate, not broader than the thorax.

Thorax deeply incised laterally in the anterior part, nearly
straight from there to the base.

Thorax moderately short, deeply foveate, intervals of fovese raised,
sharp, upper margin of declivity not denticulate andromcda.

Thorax subelongate, intervals of fovese subcarinate longitudinally
in the median part, upper margin of declivity serrate arsinoe.

Thorax distinctly carinate longitudinally in the central part of
the disk, upper margin of the declivity conspicuously denticulate . . hccate.

&'. Head striolate, broader than the thorax, the latter distinctly
carinate longitudinally.

Thorax as broad as long, incised latterly in the anterior part, and

slightly ampliate from there to the base, where it is a

little broader than the anterior part.

Head not very much broader artcmis.

Head broader than the thorax, the latter short, parallel . . . . parca.
c~. The four intermediate segments with an apical, median patch.

Head as broad as thorax, the latter short, cariuate longitudinally,
the carinse a little wavy behind agave.

c l . All abdominal segments banded, including the first.

Thorax parallel, first basal segment with a broad yellow band
interrupted in the middle, second joint with an elongate supra-
lateral patch reaching from the base to a little short of the apex,
and with a narrow flavescent, apical fringe, all the other segments
clothed with a flavescent pubescence cydippe.

A 2 . ABDOMEN WITH AN APICAL AND TWO LATERAL OR MEDIAN

PATCHES ON THE SECOND SEGMENT.

Thorax elongate, attenuate laterally in the posterior part, and
having a distinct lateral ante-median tubercle ; abdomen sub-
petiolate ; second segment with two comma-shaped patches near
the base and two round, supra-apical ones, and one on each side
along the lateral margin, fourth and fifth segments with a median
patch tcrpsicliore.

Thorax short, subparallel, second abdominal segment with a narrow
subapical flavescent patch and two supra-lateral ones in the middle,
third segment with a median patch, the other posterior segments
banded pandora.

A 1 . ABDOMEN SESSILE, BASAL SEGMENT WITH TWO LATERAL

PATCHES.

a-. Second segment with a patch on each side.

44 Annals of the South African Museum.

? Thorax nearly parallel, briefly incised and tridentate in the
middle ; first abdominal segment straight laterally ; tibise with one
row of spines tisiphonc.

? Thorax subparallel laterally, but a little narrowed from the
median part to the declivity, serrulate and not incised ; band on
second segment narrowly interrupted in the centre ; tibise with a
double row of spines chionc.

? Thorax subparallel laterally for three-fourths of the length,
and with a conspicuous ante-median tooth, a little narrowed
towards the base, and with the lateral angles produced in a long,
sharp, conical tooth clotho.

a 1 . Second and third segments with a lateral patch.

? Thorax subparallel and slightly incised and serrate laterally ;
band on the second segment reduced to two apical patches on each
side of the median part megacra.

(MALES.)
FIRST DIVISION.

BASAL ABDOMINAL SEGMENT LONG OR VERY LONG, NODOSE AT

APEX.

A 3 . DORSAL PART OF ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS HAVING APICAL

BANDS OP WHITE OR ORANGE HAIRS, BUT NO MEDIAN
PATCH ON THE SECOND SEGMENT.

a 3 . First abdominal segment long, petiolate.

b 3 . First segment banded, bands not interrupted.

Prothorax and mesothorax red ; metathorax black, subquadrate ;
second abdominal segment with two diverging carinse mncmosidcs.

b-. Two basal segments banded.

b l . The three basal segments banded.

Prothorax, dorsal part of mesothorax and scutellum red ; basal
segment of abdomen very broadly petiolate maja.

First abdominal segment very long and slender in the male, mode-
rately long in the female.

Thorax entirely red, with the pectus black ; tibise with a double
row of slender spines byblis.

Thorax black with the dorsal part and sides of the prothorax,
the dorsal part of the mesothorax and the scutellum red ; tibiae
without spines phi/lira.

Thorax black with the dorsal part of the mesothorax and the

scutellum red.

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillidce. 45

Eyes large, projecting, cheeks straight, aculeate at tip, space
between the eye and the basal angle very short ; tibiae spinose . . alcithoe.

Eyes not projecting, head elongate behind the eyes ; tibias not
spiuose ccjeria.

Thorax entirely red ; tibiae with a double row of long spines,
basal joint of the hind tarsi dilated, compressed, and diagonally
truncate at tip procnc.

Thorax black, mesothorax and scutellum very dark ferruginous,
thorax diagonal and aculeate laterally, abdominal bands flavescent ;
tibiae without spines athis.

Head and thorax black ; abdomen very dark cyaneous, almost
black, second abdominal segment with a ventral, median raised
line ddopcia.

First abdominal segment very long in the male, subsessile in the

female.

cT Black, with the dorsal and lateral part of the prothorax and
mesothorax and the scutellum red ; thorax sloping and aculeate ;
tibiae without spines ccqwnsis.

A-. DORSAL PART OP THE ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS WITH MEDIAN

APICAL PATCHES AND BAND. (No males.)

A 1 . ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS WITHOUT WHITE BAND OR SPOT.

j Light brick-red ; abdomen fuscous with the exception of the
first segment which is long and petiolate ; eyes very large . . . . semele.

cf Totally pale flavescent, second, third, and sometimes fourth
segments of abdomen with a fuscous narrow margin, first joint very
long, eyes very large thisbc.

SECOND DIVISION.

BASAL ABDOMINAL SEGMENT SUBELONGATE, SUBPETIOLATE, OB SUB-
SESSILE IN THE MALE.

A 6 . NO BAND OR SPOT ON THE ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS.

Head and thorax bluish black, abdomen cyaneous, tegulffi dark
ferruginous, metathorax with a short, moderately broad, sinuate
groove with raised edges amaWiea.

Similar in shape, size, and colour, but the mesothorax, scutellum,
and tegulse are dark red gorge.

The second basal segment only with an uninterrupted band.

46 Annals of the South African Museum,

A 5 . ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS WITH BANDS BUT NO SPOT.
a 6 . The third abdominal segment with an uninterrupted band.

<? Black, clothed with a dense, dark pubescence, flavescent on
the head and prothorax, scutellum produced behind in a horizontal,
dentiform process on each side, apical part of the first segment and
the whole of the third clothed with a white silky band ; ventral
part of second segment with three cannae acidalia.

Basal segment without any band.

c? Black, first and second segments of abdomen red, edged with
a narrow apical black border, third segment with a white band ;
ventral carina of first segment produced in a vertical spine at apex ;
prothorax clothed with a white pubescence, metathorax not
pubescent cloantha.

Prothorax not clothed with a white pubescence, metathorax
densely pubescent at base tyro.

Prothorax with a white pubescence, ventral carina not spinose,
the two basal segments with an uninterrupted band spcculatrix.

c? Black, with the mcsothorax and scutellum brick-red, apical
band of the second segment very narrow licrmionc.

a*. The three basal segments with an uninterrupted band.

cT Black, with the metathorax red, prothorax with a dense
greyish band, ventral part of the abdominal segment with a sharp,
median ridge reaching from the base to the median part ; eyes not
emarginate applets.

Totally black, eyes deeply emarginate, joints of antennas thick,
subserrulate cinchrcis.

c'. Band on the second and third segments interrupted in the
middle.

Black, tegulse red, bands orange-yellow hippolythe,

A 4 . ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS BANDED, SECOND SEGMENT WITH A

MORE OR LESS OVATE SPOT.

a-. The three basal segments banded.

Black, with a white band on the prothorax, the ovate spot on the
second segment broad, median and basal nyctimcnc.

A 3 . ABDOMEN WITH TWO MEDIAN SPOTS ON SECOND SEGMENT.

d". Third abdominal segment banded.
c,-. Band not interrupted.

Some New or Little Known South African Miitillidce. 47

Black, with rod thorax ; no wings, head very large, tegulse quite
rudimentary, no trace of ocelli proscrpina.

A.-. ABDOMEN WITH AN APICAL AND TWO LATERAL OR MEDIAN-
PATCHES ON THE SECOND SEGMENT. (No males.)

A'. ABDOMEN SESSILE, BASAL SEGMENT WITH TWO LATERAL

PATCHES.

b. Second and third segment with a lateral patch.

Black ; prothorax and mesothorax and scutellum red, posterior
angles of thorax very sharp and projecting, first, third and fourth
abdominal segments with a lateral white patch on each side . . . . crinnys.

FIRST DIVISION.

I.

(FEMALES AND MALES.)
MUTILLA CAPICOLA.

Female. Head, antennas, abdomen, legs, and tarsi black, thorax
dark ferruginous red ; head slightly attenuate laterally, but with the
sides straight and the posterior angles well defined, broader than
long, and as broad as the base of the prothorax, posterior margin
straight, very closely and deeply scrobiculate, pilose in front and
underneath, pubescent only in the posterior part ; eyes subovate,
large, prominent ; prothorax straight at base, gradually ampliated
and rounded from the basal outer angle to about the median part,
which is about one-fifth broader than the base, narrowed diagonally
from there to the moderately abrupt apical dehiscence, where it is
only one-half as broad as the apex, deeply and closely foveate, set
with long, black bristles, convex and having three lateral sub-
median tubercles, the posterior one of which is a little sharp
and situated at about the median part, the other two are elongate
and hardly prominent ; abdomen covered with long, black hairs,
turning to greyish underneath, first segment moderately long,
strongly petiolate, spinose laterally at base, scrobiculate and with a
moderately broad apical silky white band, second segment globose
and covered with deep, sub-elongate fovese, the intervals of which
are raised, sharp, and form longitudinal sub-undulating lines, apical
margin with a narrow band of white hairs all round, apex of the
third and fourth segments fringed underneath with a short, greyish
pubescence ; abdominal carina of the first segment aculeate at base ;

48 Annals of the South African Museum.

intermediate and posterior tibiae with only one median spine on each
side of the outer groove. Length 7-104- mm.

Male. Similar to the female in sculpture and colour, except that
the metathorax is black, and is also more broadly foveate than in the
anterior part ; the shape and size of the abdomen and head are
similar, the carina of the first abdominal segment identical ; the
eyes are not emarginate and the intermediate and posterior legs are
not spinose outwardly ; wings hyaline at base, infuscate in the
median part, and fuscous at tip. Length 9-10 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Port Elizabeth).

MUTILLA BEROE.

Female. Black, set with long, moderately dense hairs, black on
the upper part, greyish white underneath, whole thorax ferruginous
red ; head sub-quadrate behind and a little attenuate in front of the
eyes, one-fourth less broad than the apex of the thorax, closely
scrobiculate, eyes ovate, prominent ; thorax slightly rounded in the
anterior margin, with the outer sides ampliated sub-diagonally as far
as the median part, which has a somewhat sharp but not much
developed tubercle and diagonally narrowed from there towards the
apex, which is truncate and narrower than the base by one-third
and than the median part by one-half of the width ; it is closely and
equally scrobiculate all over, the median tubercle is preceded by two
blunt, elongated ones, and the sides of the hind part are sub-serrate ;
first abdominal segment aculeate laterally, moderately long, petiolate,
the petiole long, one-fourth the width of the second segment, covered
alike with very much elongated, narrow and shallow foveas with
the intervals smooth, narrow and sharp, apical part with a broad
silky white band covering a third of the petiole, second segment with
a narrow band of similar texture produced in a triangle in the centre,
outer side of the third segment with a short white patch, continued
in the under part in a band, as is also the one on the second seg-
ment ; intermediate and posterior tibiae with two single spines
outwardly ; abdominal carina produced in a sharp tooth at the apex.
Length 15 mm.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury).

MUTILLA SYRINX.

Female. Slender, totally black, clothed with a brief, faintly
w y hite pubescence, hairs moderately dense, black ; head broader
somewhat than the apical part of the thorax, shagreened all
over, eyes large, very convex, posterior part of the head
a little narrowed laterally behind the eyes, posterior angles

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillidce. 49

not much rounded ; thorax long, slender, hexagonal, very much
attenuate in the posterior part, not tuberculate in the median part
laterally, declivous behind and covered with closely set, rough
but small punctures ; abdomen petiolate, the node of the first
segment roughly shagreened and having an 'apical, silky white
patch, second segment elongato-ovate, covered with closely set,
deep, non-confluent punctures and having at apex a narrow band
of white ; ventral carina emarginate in the centre and acute at both
ends ; intermediate segments not fringed with greyish or whitish
hairs underneath ; tibiae with one submedian spine. Length 10 mm.

As slender as M. eurydice, and not unlike in general facies, but
the colour is very different, and there are no ventral carinae on the
second segment.

Hob. Natal (Estcourt).

MUTILLA GALANTHIS.

Female. Head, antennae, thorax, tibias, and tarsi dark ferruginous
red ; head slightly attenuate laterally behind the eyes, but with the
sides straight and the posterior margin slightly sinuate, as broad as
the base of the prothorax, very rugose and briefly pilose, eyes sub-
ovate, prominent ; prothorax nearly straight at base, slightly ampli-
ated laterally from the apical angle to one-third of the length, and
slightly narrowed from there to the posterior declivity which is very
abrupt, hardly convex, deeply scrobiculate with the intervals of the
metathorax tuberculiform, outer sides angular at about the third part
of the length ; abdomen covered with long, greyish hairs, first seg-
ment moderately long, strongly petiolate, briefly spinose laterally at
base, rugose and with a moderately broad, apical, silky white patch,
second segment ovate, covered with shallow, narrow, elongated
punctures with the intervals slightly raised, apical margin with a
narrow white band, third segment almost entirely covered by a
similar white band ; outer groove of the intermediate and posterior
legs with a double row of spines ; abdominal carina of first segment
dentate at tip.

Allied to the preceding species owing to the shape of the
abdomen, the first segment of which is very distinctly petiolate ;
the shape of the prothorax is different, and the third segment of the
abdomen has a white, very short lateral band, wanting in M.
capicola; the intermediate and posterior legs have a double series of
spines, instead of a solitary one. Length 5 mm.

Male. Similar in shape and sculpture to the female ; the colour
of the thorax is brighter red, and the base of the first abdominal seg-
ment is also red ; but the metathorax is not tuberculate even

4

50 Annals of the South African Museum.

laterally ; the mesothorax has apparently no longitudinal groove ;
wings subhyaline at base, infuscate at tip ; eyes not eniarginate ;
intermediate and posterior tibiae without spines.

Closely allied to the male of M. capicola, but the head, which is
nearly as long as broad, instead of being broader than long has the
posterior angles rounded ; the whole of the upper part of the thorax
is bright red instead of the metathorax being black, and the punc-
tures on the abdomen are in both sexes shallower and narrower, and
the intervals only very slightly raised. Length 8 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Port Elizabeth).

MUTILLA EURYDICE.

Female. Slender, head and thorax black, the latter with a
hexagonal reddish patch on the dorsal part covering two-thirds of
the disk, basal part of the first and third segments and nearly the
whole of the second one bright red, shining ; legs and antennae
piceous ; head very declivous in the anterior part, eyes long, very
convex, posterior angles rounded ; it is slightly broader than the
apical part of the thorax, clothed, as is also the thorax, with a
greyish decumbent pubescence and a few hairs, and covered with
closely set, moderately deep punctures; thorax long, gradually dilated
laterally from the anterior angle to about one-third of the length,
where it is bituberculated, and gradually narrowed from there to the
declivity, where it is only one-fourth of the width of the median
part, deeply scrobiculate, declivity sloping and also scrobiculate, but
less broadly; abdomen petiolate, first segment deeply pitted and
with a central elongate silky white patch on the node, second seg-
ment long, oblong, very little pubescent, shining, red, narrowly
edged with black at apex, and with a small, median ovate, apical
white patch, third segment with a broad white band ; ventral carina
long, dentiform at base, second segment with a median ridge dentiform
at tip and reaching to about one-third of the length and a longer but
equally sharp carina on each side ; legs slender, nearly glabrous,
tibitfi without spines, femora very long. Length 10|-12| mm.
Hab. Damaraland (Walfish Bay).

MUTILLA DANAE.

Female. Head and thorax very dark ferruginous ; dorsal part of
thorax ferruginous red ; abdomen red, with the apical part of the
second one and the four following black ; antennae sub-rufescent,
legs piceous red, basal joint of fore tarsi with three long, outward
spines, second one with one ; head elongate-quadrate with eyes
large and protruding, space between the eye and the basal part

Some Neio or Little Known South African Mutillidce. 51

short, outer angle rounded ; it is thickly clothed with a greyish
pubescence ; thorax long, truncate at apex, diagonal laterally from
the outer angle to a short distance from the middle, the
ampliation ending in a blunt tubercle, gradually narrowed from
there to the declivity, where it is one-fourth narrower than at the
tip, the outer margins are subcarinate, and the disk deeply foveolate ;
abdomen elongato-ovate, petiolate, first segment with a by no means
dense apical fringe of slightly flavescent hairs, the second segment
is covered with broad foveae, the fourth and fifth segments are
clothed with a flavescent band ; the ventral carina of the first seg-
ment is emarginate in the middle and dentate at apex, second joint
with a short, basal median carina ; tibiae spinose. Length 8^- mm.

flab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand).

In colour this species approximates M. imitatrix, Sm., but is at
once distinguished by the shape of the thorax, which is straight
laterally, deeply emarginate in the middle, and equally broad at base
and apex in M. imitatrix ; in M. clanae the second segment is
foveate, instead of being very closely punctured.

MUTILLA POLYXENE.

Female. Head black ; thorax, abdomen, legs and the six basal
joints of antennae light testaceous, it is entirely clothed with a silky
decumbent golden pubescence, and with a few scattered pallid hairs ;
head twice as wide as long on the vertex, eyes very long, reaching
from near the vertex to the point of insertion of the antennae,
oblongo-ovate and convex, a little wider than the thorax, which is
subparallel, slightly emarginate laterally for about one-third of the
length, with the anterior and posterior part of equal width, carinate
and serrulate, posterior declivity not abrupt and with a small, sharp
tooth in the centre of the upper part ; abdomen pyriform, segments
aciculate, pubescent, the pubescence thicker on the apical margin of
all the segments, pygidium black ; tibiae without spines. Length
3^ mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Hopetown).

Judging from the size of the eyes and also the colour this species
is probably nocturnal, and might prove to be the female of M. semele
or M. thisbe.

MUTILLA EEIGONE.

Female. Black, with the thorax red and the antennae and legs
fuscous red, the abdominal bands white ; head a little broader than
the apex of the thorax, eyes very large, occupying nearly the whole
of the sides, the three ocelli very distinct ; it is clothed with a dense

52 Annals of the South African Museum.

flavescent pubescence and hairs ; thorax truncate at apex, deeply
constricted laterally at about the median part, the posterior part
produced laterally in a broad triangle, and one-third broader than
the apex, the three dorsal sutures usually separating the prothorax
and mesothorax and the scutellum are very well denned, and the
part that would correspond to the scutellum bears a recurved spine,
the posterior declivity is perpendicular and has a median longi-
tudinal raised line, the disk is rugose and moderately pubescent ;
abdomen elongato-ovate, first segment closely punctulate, nearly
sessile, sharply dentate on each side of the base, which is reddish,
as broad at apex as the base of the second one, and with a fringe of
not very dense, whitish hairs, apical part of the second segment
with a narrow pubescent band, fifth and sixth segments with a
white erect pubescence ; tibiae without spines. Length 4i mm.

At first I thought that the only example I got was a wingless
male, but I think it is a female with strong male characters. I have
not material enough to elucidate that point to my satisfaction. It
will be perhaps necessary to create a genus for it.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth) ; presented by Dr. H.
Brauns.

MUTILLA EVADNE.

Female. Head and abdomen black, thorax red, antennae and
legs rufescent ; head as broad as the base of the thorax, a little
attenuate diagonally behind the eyes, base straight, roughly
shagreened and thickly covered with a greyish pubescence ; thorax
subparallel, truncate at base, with the outer angle tuberculiform and
the sides carinate and with four sharp teeth, the fourth one situated
at the top of the declivity, which is very abrupt, the upper part is
scrobiculate, slightly setulose, and very briefly pubescent ; abdomen
subsessile, ovoid, second segment very closely punctured, the punc-
tures finer in the centre than at the base and on the sides and
having a narrow, apical, silky white band, fourth and fifth segments
covered with long, greyish white hairs ; tibiae without spines.
Length 4-| mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Port Elizabeth).

MUTILLA ALTH^A.

Female. Head, antennas, and legs brownish red, thorax ferrugi-
nous red, abdomen black ; head very little broader than the thorax,
slightly attenuate behind the eyes, which are elongato-ovate, nearly
truncate at base, striolate, and having on the vertex a long, median,
smooth raised line; thorax truncate at apex and at the posterior

Some Neiv or Little Known South African Mutillidce. 53

declivity, parallel, carinate laterally, and having on each side five or
six sharp tubercles, bearing each a small fascicle of hairs, it is hardly
convex, covered with irregular, wavy raised lines, the declivity is
perpendicular, serrulate laterally, and has on the upper part a lateral
sharp spine and also a median one, the latter a little less developed
than the lateral one ; abdomen sub-sessile, ovate, first segment
short, fringed with a narrow, silky white band, second segment very
finely and densely aciculate, and having also a narrow apical fringe
of white hairs, third segment entirely clothed with a white band ;
tibige with a double row of three spines ; ventral cariua of the first
joint subaculeate at both ends. Length 5-6^ mm.
Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town).

MUTILLA ALCIS.

Female. Head piceous black, antennae and legs reddish brown,
thorax dark ferruginous, abdomen black ; head slightly broader than
the thorax at its widest part, slightly attenuate diagonally from
behind the eyes to the basal angle, which is somewhat rounded,
covered with deep but not closely set punctures, hardly pubescent
and not very bristly ; thorax sloping very diagonally at apex, the
angle sharp and projecting a little, slightly ampliate from there to
about one-fourth of the length, and produced from there in the
shape of a truncate pyramid to the top of the declivity, which is
sloping and hardly serrulate, the sides are slightly tri-dentate in
the anterior part and not very distinctly serrulate from there to the
top of the declivity ; abdomen ovate, subsessile, second segment
covered with closely set, elongated punctures, the white posterior
margin slightly broader than the one on the third segment ; ventral
cariiia of the first segment truncate at tip ; tibias spinose. Length

5 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town).

MUTILLA BAUCIS.

Female. Head, antennas, legs, sternum, and abdomen black ;
head as broad as the apex of the thorax, nearly twice as broad
as long on the vertex, not much produced behind the eyes
which are large, outer angles of base slightly rounded, deeply and
closely scrobiculate, pilose, but hardly pubescent ; thorax truncate
at apex, outer sides sub-carinate, slightly ampliate diagonally from
the outer angle to the median part, which is aculeate, and gradually
narrowed from there to the top of the declivity, which is sub-trun-
cate, and where it is one-third narrower than at apex, the anterior
part has a very faint incision between the apical angle and the

54 Annals of the South African Museum.

median part, and the lateral ridges as well as the sides and upper
margin of the declivity not serrulate ; it is covered with deep, closely
set, and broad round punctures, and clothed with a long black
villosity ; first abdominal segment moderately long, distinctly
petiolate, very rugose, the apical band moderately broad, second
segment covered with very long punctures, closely set, deep, and
with the intervals raised and sub-undulate, band on the third seg-
ment a little narrower than that on the second, fourth segment w r ith
a small indistinct lateral patch ; the pubescent bands are yellowish
instead of white ; the tibiae have one sub-median spine, the tarsi are
slightly rufescent ; ventral carina of first segment sharp, truncate at
base. Length 8| 9 rnm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Stellenbosch, Prince Albert).

MUTILLA LATONA.

Female. Head piceous black, w r ith an oblong dark ferruginous
red patch in the posterior part, and a smaller and elongato-quad-
rate one in front of the eyes, antennas, tibiae, and tarsi rufescent,
femora piceous red, abdomen black, clothed with long, greyish
villous hairs ; head a little broader than the thorax, sub-quadrate,
with the posterior angles slightly rounded, covered with deep, elon-
gate, closely set punctures, the intervals of which are sub-striolate
between the eyes, hardly pubescent, and not thickly pilose ; thorax
truncate in front, with the anterior margin hardly sinuate but
carinate and distinctly serrulate, outer sides nearly straight for one-
third of the length and with a not very deep incision, which, owing
to the anterior angle being sharp, gives it the appearance of being
tridentate, narrowed from there in the shape of a broadly truncate
cone as far as the posterior declivity, which is moderately abrupt,
the outer margins are distinctly serrate, and the whole of the upper
part is covered with distinct, closely set foveae ; first joint of abdomen
moderately long, red, and dentate laterally at base, very roughly
shagreened, the apical band moderately broad and sub-cuneiform in
the middle, punctures of the second segment long, narrow, and with
the intervals smooth and sub-carinate, the band moderately narrow,
the band on the third segment is of the same width, and occasionally
rubbed off in the centre, the fourth and fifth segments have also a
lateral whitish elongate patch ; ventral carina of first segment sharp,
truncate at apex and slightly sinuate in the middle ; tibiae with a
double series of spines. Length 8-104- mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Worcester, Uiten-
hage), Transvaal (Klerksdorp).

Some New or Little Known South African MutilUdce. 55

MUTILLA AGLAE.

Female. Black, with the thorax red, or occasionally black and
piceous red in the middle of the dorsal part ; legs piceous black,
abdominal bands sub-flavescent ; head broader than the thorax at
apex, straight laterally and not rounder in the posterior angle,
roughly shagreened, densely pubescent and pilose, eyes set forward ;
thorax long, nearly straight at apex, narrowed gradually from the
anterior angle to the perpendicular declivity, where it is narrower
by one-third than at apex, deeply emarginate laterally past the median
part, roughly punctured, w 7 ith the intervals raised and irregularly
longitudinal ; it is densely pubescent and the hairs long and greyish ;
abdomen oblong, first joint sharply dentate at base, and nearly as
broad at apex as the second joint in the middle, roughly punctured
and having a moderately broad apical band, second joint very little
ampliate in the middle, covered with deep, elongated, closely set
punctures and fringed at apex with a narrow pubescent band, third
segment clothed with a similar but broader band, apical joint also
pubescent ; ventral carina of first segment very small ; tarsi with a
double series of short spines. Length 6-6^ mm.

Male. Black, w y ith the prothorax and mesothorax and the tegulae
reddish. Head twice as broad as long, closely punctured, pubescent ;
mesothorax with two median grooves reaching very short of the
anterior suture, scutellum not much raised, metathorax rounded
laterally behind and having a broad median groove \vith edges
raised and smooth ; abdomen similar to that of the female, but
with the second joint more ampliated, a little less coarsely punc-
tured, and with the band 011 the third joint much narrower ; ventral
carina of first segment dentate at base ; tibiae non-spinose ; wings
hyaline, sub-infuscate at tip. Length 5f mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth).

Bred by Dr. H. Brauns from the nest of an undetermined species
of Ceratina.

MUTILLA ILYTHIA.

Female. Head, sternum, the basal joints of antennae, and the
abdomen black, the dorsal part of the thorax red, antennae, tibiae,
and tarsi rufescent, femora piceous red ; villous hairs greyish and
moderately dense ; head deeply and closely punctured, the punctures
broad and the intervals striolate in the middle, transverse, not much
rounded in the posterior angles, and if anything slightly broader
than the thorax at its widest part ; thorax truncate in the anterior
part, which is carinate, nearly straight laterally for one-third of the

56 Annals of the South African Museum.

length and there feebly quadri-dentate, slightly serrulate from there
to the apex, posterior declivity abrupt, not marginate at tip, upper
part foveate, intervals of foveae not carinate ; abdomen pyriform,
apical band of first segment subaculeate in the centre, but not
reaching quite the sides, second and third bands very well defined,
fourth and fifth segments with a small lateral patch, second abdo-
minal segment punctured in the centre and feebly striolate laterally
and basally in the dorsal part ; tibiae with a double series of spines.
Length 74 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town).

MUTILLA CALLIKHOE.

Female. Head black in the anterior part, posterior part dark
ferruginous, upper part of thorax ferruginous red, sides and ster-
num black, abdomen black, tibiaa and tarsi ferruginous, femora
piceous black, clothed with moderately dense black or slightly
greyish hairs ; head a little narrower than the thorax, with the sides
behind the eyes straight and slightly rounded in the posterior angle,
deeply and broadly foveate with the intervals very distinctly carinate ;
thorax broadest in the anterior part for about one-third of the length,
where it is deeply incised laterally, and quite parallel from there to
the declivity, which is quite perpendicular, the apical margin is
truncate, the lateral ones carinate, and the dorsal part covered with
broad and deep foveae so arranged that the intervals form longitudinal
carinae hardly wavy and reaching from the apex to the top of the
declivity, the lateral margins are hardly serrulate ; the first and
second abdominal segments are covered with narrow, elongate punc-
tures, with the intervals raised and subcarinate in the latter ; the
whole of the first segment is clothed with a bright orange silky
pubescence produced in a triangle the point of which overlaps the
basal part of the second segment, the apical band of which is also
produced triangularly towards the dorsal median part, without, how-
ever, reaching it ; the third segment is entirely clothed with a band
of the same colour, and the following segments have no trace of any
such orange pubescence on the dorsal surface, but the second, third,
fourth, and fifth have a distinct, uninterrupted ventral band ; tibise
with a double series of spines ; ventral carina of first segment
short, sharp, and truncate at both ends. Length 10 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Calvinia).

MUTILLA GLAUCE.

Female. Closely allied to M. callirhoe ; the shape of the head
and thorax is similar, but owing to the intervals between the foveae

Some New or Little Known South African HutillidcB. 57

being less raised and narrower, and also more wavy and not at all
longitudinal, both seem to be less deeply and more narrowly foveate ;
the head has two distinct ocelli ; the shape of the abdomen is similar,
and so is the disposition of the silky bands, but the one on the first
segment is reduced to a narrower apical fringe ; tibise with a double
row of spines ; ventral carina as in the preceding species.

But for the presence of ocelli and the narrow band on the first
abdominal segment, it would be difficult to distinguish from M.
clectra. Length 10 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Carnarvon, Port Elizabeth).

MUTILLA ELECTRA.

Female. Anterior part of head as far as the eyes, sternum,
abdomen, antennae, and legs black, posterior part of the head,
dorsal part of thorax and sides red ; head and thorax similar in
shape and sculpture to those of M. glauce, but the former has no
trace of ocelli ; the shape and clothing of abdomen is similar, except
that the whole of the first segment is clothed with a dense orange
yellow pubescence, and that the band on the second segment is pro-
duced towards the median part of the dorsal part, which it reaches ;
tibiae with a double series of spines ; ventral carina of the first seg-
ment truncate at both ends, and a little emarginate in the centre.
Length 11^-12 mm.

Hab. Damaraland (Goagas).

MUTILLA CALLISTO.

Female. Head subquadrate, subelongate behind the eyes, slightly
rounded laterally and also slightly in the posterior angles, not quite
as broad as the thorax, deeply and irregularly foveate, with the
intervals sharp and subcarinate in the central part, piceous black
with a posterior dark ferruginous red patch, the villous hairs long,
nearly black ; antennae and legs black ; thorax not quite straight
transversely at apex, not quite parallel laterally from the apical
angle to about one-fourth of the length, suddenly narrowed there
and almost parallel as far as the posterior declivity, but with two
faint sinuations hardly acute at angles, the outer margins are not
serrulate, but it is covered with deep, broad fovete with sharply
raised intervals, the villous hairs are dense and black ; abdomen
subsessile, first segment with a distinct lateral basal spine, roughly
shagreened, band narrow and slightly yellow, second segment
covered with long, deep punctures with narrow, sublinear, raised
intervals, apical band narrow and aculate in the middle for a short

58 Annals of the South African Museum.

distance, the band on the third segment is a little wider than the
one preceding, and interrupted in the middle for about one-third
of the distance from side to side, the other joints are without any
trace of lateral yellowish white pubescence ; tibiae with a double
series of spines ; ventral carina of first abdominal segment short, not
prominent, sub-truncate at base. Length 12 mm.
Hab. Cape Colony (Worcester, Port Elizabeth).

MUTILLA TECMESSA.

Female. Nearly similar in shape and structure to M. callisto,
but the head is broader than the base of the thorax ; upper part of
the head and thorax bright red instead of black ferruginous
red, the foveae, however, are a little broader, the abdominal bands
are bright orange, and the one on the second segment a little
broader and more triangular in the middle. Length 11-13^ mm.

Male. Head quadrate, with the posterior angles sharp, twice as
wide as long on the vertex, shagreened, pubescent, black ; eyes
slightly emarginate ; thorax black, with the prothorax and mesothorax
and also the scutellum red, tegulae red, upper part very rough and
with two very distinct longitudinal median grooves ; metathorax a
little attenuate and rounded laterally behind ; abdomen subsessile,
black with a faint, dark cyaneoiis tinge, closely but not deeply
punctured on the dorsal part, bands of the same colour as those of
the female, and similarly disposed ; ventral carina of first joint
sharp and sloping at both ends ; tibiae non-spinose ; wings sub-
hyaline at base, slightly infuscate from there to the apex, anterior
margin of fore wings more deeply infuscate at equal distances from
base and apex. Length 11-J mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Clanwilliam), both sexes ; Port Elizabeth,
male and female.

Although not actually captured in coitii, I think there is little
doubt that the two sexes here described are the same species.

MUTILLA HELLE.

Female. Discoidal part of the head and upper part of thorax ferru-
ginous red ; antennae, legs, and abdomen black ; head very broad,
nearly as wide as the second abdominal segment at its widest, ampliated
behind the eyes, which are small and ovate, closely but not deeply
punctured, hairs moderately dense and black, mandibles long, falci-
form, widely bifid at tip and with a sharp, erect process on the upper
margin ; thorax truncate at apex and with the apical angles very short,
narrowed diagonally laterally from the anterior angle to one-fourth
of the length, bisinuate from there to the posterior angle, the median

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillidce. 59

interval between the sinuations serrulate, the posterior part with
three distinct teeth, sides of the declivity which is quite perpendicular,
also serrate, upper part deeply and closely foveolate ; abdomen sessile,
posterior part of first segment transverse, sides straight, segments
rugulose, densely hairy and pubescent ; the yellowish bands on the
first and second segments are narrow, and that on the third segment
broader by one-half ; tibiae with a double row of spines ; ventral
carina of the first segment short, but projecting and truncate at tip,
second segment broadly scooped from side to side and with a short,
median longitudinal ridge in the apical part. Length 16^-17 mm.

Hale. Black, with the mesothorax and scutellum red, tegulae red ;
abdomen with a cyaneous tinge ; head twice as broad as long on the
vertex, eyes slightly emarginate ; mesothorax with two indistinct
longitudinal grooves, metathorax quadrangular ; abdomen sessile,
finely punctured, bands as in the female ; tibiaa spinose ; ventral
carina of first segment produced in a long, bifid process, second
segment scooped and with a sharp median tooth at the apical margin ;
wings hyaline at base, fuscous brown at apex, anterior margin of
fore wings deeper brown at about the median part. Length 14 mm.

Hob. Cape Colony (Cape Division, Port Elizabeth).

I found one male and two females drowned in a pool of water on
the floor of a dried watercourse.

MUTILLA BEKENICE.

Female. Head, antennae, abdomen, and legs black ; body covered
with very long greyish hairs ; abdominal bands yellow ; head scro-
biculate and striolate in the middle, clothed with a very brief, silky
flavescent patch, not quite as broad as the thorax at apex and
with the posterior angles much rounded ; thorax truncate in front,
quadrate in the anterior part for about one-fourth of the length,
slightly sinuate but subparallel from there to the posterior declivity
which is quite perpendicular, dorsal part deeply foveate with the
fovese broad and the intervals sub-carinate, lateral margins hardly
serrulate except in the posterior declivity where it is more noticeable ;
abdomen sub-sessile, ovate, first segment with a lateral spine on each
side, roughly punctured, the yellow silky band broad and triangular,
second segment covered with very long, narrow punctures with sub-
carinate intervals, the apical band narrow but reduced to a mere line
in the central part, band on the third joint narrow but of the same
width throughout, the other three apical joints with a lateral white
pubescence ; tibiaa with a double series of spines. Length 10-11 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Beaufort West).

60 Annals of the SoutJi African Museum.

MUTILLA PUEPUBATA, Smith,

New Species of Hymenoptera, p. 190.

Female. Head black, with a transverse ferruginous patch extend-
ing along the base and cheeks, thorax red, abdomen black, legs
black or piceous, antennae black, with the scape rufescent ; head
very closely punctured, sub-striolate on the vertex, a little broader
than the apex of the thorax and equal in width to the basal part,
vertical part short behind the eyes, posterior outer angles slightly
rounded ; thorax produced diagonally backward at apex, sinuate
laterally from a short distance of the anterior angle to about two-
thirds of the length, and with the apical part of the sinuation sharp,
sub-dentate, broadening gradually from the end of the lateral sinua-
tion to the apical declivity, where it is about one-fourth broader than
at apex, and rounded at the declivity, which is quite perpendicular ;
it is covered \vith closely set, not very deep foveae, the intervals of
which are raised in the posterior part and on the declivity in the
shape of very small tubercles ; hairs on head and thorax short,
blackish ; abdomen sub-sessile, first joint with a lateral spine at base,
clothed with long dense greyish white hairs ; apical band silky white,
narrow, second segment covered with short and smooth closely set,
raised lines, apical band not broad, and interrupted in the centre in
the shape of a V, band on the third segment entire and slightly
wider than the preceding one, sixth joint clothed with white
pubescent hairs ; tibiae with a double row of spines ; ventral
carina of first segment truncate at apex and incised in the centre.
Length 7^-10 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Port Elizabeth),
Natal (teste Smith).

Captured in copula by Dr. Brauns.

MUTILLA ANTIOPE.

Female. Head, antennae, thorax, first abdominal joint, and legs
ferruginous red, dorsal part of abdomen deeply infuscate, abdominal
part rufescent; head and thorax finely shagreened, very briefly
pubescent and hardly pilose, the first-named part quadrate, much
produced behind the eyes, very little rounded laterally in the posterior
part, broader than the apical part of the thorax but equal in width to
the base ; thorax truncate at base, parallel laterally for one-half of the
length, gradually ampliated from there to the angle of the posterior
declivity, where it is broader than the apex by nearly one-fourth,
declivity perpendicular with the upper margin distinctly denticulate,
and the sides serrulate, lateral margins of thorax a little indented at

Some New or Little Knoicu South African Mutillida. 61

about one-third of the length and a little past the median part ;
abdomen sessile, very ovate, basal joint spinose laterally at base,
finely aciculate like the other segments, and having a median whitish
yellow patch extending on about one-half of the width, second seg-
ment also with a central patch incised in the middle in a V shape,
band on the third segment narrow, non-interrupted ; ventral carina
of first segment short, deeply incised in the centre, and sharp at both
ends ; tibiae with a single row of spines. Length 7-8 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cradock, Hopetown), Bechuanaland
(Moroquen).

MUTILLA TAYGETE.

Female. Head and abdomen black ; thorax, tibiae, and tarsi brick-
red ; femora piceous black ; head nearly quadrate, but with the basal
part slightly rounded laterally, briefly pubescent, rugose, and as
broad as the thorax ; thorax with the apical part slightly sloping,
gradually but very little narrowed laterally as far as the posterior
declivity and slightly emarginate towards the median part, each end
of the emargination hardly tuberculate ; it is not more than one-fifth
narrower at the declivity than at the apex, which is the widest part,
and the declivity is not very abrupt and the sides are not serrulate ;
it is covered with small, deep foveae ; the abdomen is sub-sessile, the
first segment has a moderately broad band of white silky hairs deeply
emarginate, crescent shape, in the middle of the posterior part, the
second segment is deeply punctured, with the punctures elongate, and
has a band of white hairs somewhat narrow, and of the same width
as the one on the third and fourth, the fifth and sixth are clothed
with a greyish pubsscence, which is not dense enough to form a
band ; ventral carina of the first segment hardly noticeable ; tibiae
without spines. Length 5 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Oudtshoorn).

MUTILLA MELETE.

Female. Head, antennas, thorax, and legs pale-red ; dorsal part of
first and second segments black, the others sub-rufescent ; ventral
part reddish, the whole body clothed with slightly flavescent villous
hairs ; head prolonged behind the eyes, sub-quadrate, as broad as the
apex of the thorax, shagreened and very briefly pubescent ; thorax
truncate at base with the angle sharp, slightly ampliated sub-
diagonally for about one-third of the length laterally, apical part
of the ampliation distinct, sub-tuberculate, gradually narrowed from
there to the declivity where it is about one-fourth narrower than
at its widest part, declivity perpendicular, margins not serrulate,

62 Annals of the South African Museum.

dorsal part sub-foveolate, declivity foveolate ; abdomen sessile,
pyriform, second segment aciculate in the basal and very finely
striolate in the apical part, bands silky white with a faint tinge of
yellow, and, with the exception of the one on the first segment, of
equal width ; tibiae without spines ; ventral carina short, incised
in the middle. Length 74- mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Beaufort West).

MUTILLA AEIADNA.

Female. Head, antennae, with the exception of the two first
joints which are rufescent, and abdomen black ; thorax and legs red,
body clothed with a greyish pubescence ; head slightly broader than
the apex of the thorax, and very rugose, sub-quadrate, eyes very
large, space between the hind part of the eyes and the basal angle
very short ; apical part of thorax slightly sloping on each side, the
angle sharp but not projecting, outer sides nearly straight, not
incised, margin hardly serrulate, basal part a little broader than the
apical one, posterior declivity perpendicular, serrulate on the upper
part and also laterally ; abdomen pyriform, second segment covered
with closely set, short striolae, apical part of the four intermediate
segments with an uninterrupted band of silky \vhite hairs, wanting
on the basal segment ; ventral carina of the first segment, short,
sharp, incised in the centre ; tibiae spinose. Length 4 mm.

The shape of the thorax and abdomen is similar to that of
M. speculatrix, but it is easily distinguished by the abdominal white
bands.

Hab. Zambesia (Umfuli Eiver).

MUTILLA CASSIOPE.

Female. Head, thorax, and tibiae ferruginous red, abdomen
black, femora and scape of antennae piceous ; the whole body is
covered with black and greyish hairs ; head narrower than the
thorax, long behind the eyes with the sides a little ampliated and
the posterior angles rounded, very rugose and clothed with a brief
flavescent pubescence ; thorax sub-arcuate at apex with the margin
carinate, ampliated diagonally laterally from the apex to a little short
of the median part where it is distinctly projecting in a triangular
blunt tubercle, narrowed gradually from there to the declivity where
it is only one-half the width of the apex ; declivity truncate and
serrate laterally, dorsal part covered with moderately broad but
deep confluent punctures ; abdomen ovate, first and second basal
joints covered with closely set, narrow, elongate punctures ; the

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillidcs. 63

bands pale-yellow, that on the first segment broad, the apical one
on the second joint slightly triangular in the centre, third, fourth,
and fifth joints entirely clothed, apical part of the sixth denuded ;
tibiae with a double series of spines ; ventral carina moderately
long and slightly bi-incised. Length 10 mm.
Hab. Cape Colony (Bushmanland).

MUTILLA OlIPHALE.

Female. Head black, and vertex ferruginous, thorax ferruginous
red, abdomen, antennae, and legs black, basal joint of antennas
piceous red, body clothed with black and flavescent hairs, abdominal
bands and median patch golden-yellow ; head as broad as the thorax,
truncate behind, roughly shagreened in the anterior part, striolate
behind ; thorax long, subparallel, the apical part sloping on each side,
outer sides slightly bisinuate with the median part sub-aculeate, basal
part very slightly broader than the apical one, declivity perpendicular,
dorsal part covered with deep, elongate, narrow foveae, with wavy,
sub-carinate intervals ; abdomen not quite sub-petiolate, pyriform,
segments finely shagreened, second one covered with closely set,
sub-elongate punctures, apical part of basal segment fringed with
yellow hairs, median dorsal patch on second segment narrow,
elongato-ovate, beginning close to the base and reaching short of the
middle, apical bands of second and third segments nearly equal in
width ; ventral carina curved, dentiform at apex ; all five apical
segments fringed underneath with a yellowish pubescence ; tibias
spinose. Length 12 mm.

Hab. Natal (Malvern).

MUTILLA THYONE.

Female. Black, with the thorax red for two-thirds of the length,
base of antennas and legs piceous ; head aciculate, as broad as
the thorax, eyes moderately large, head slightly narrowed diagonally
behind ; thorax truncate at apex with the angles somewhat sharp,
nearly straight laterally but a little narrower at base than at apex,
declivous behind, closely punctured, the punctures on the declivity
broader and deeper than on the disk, outer margins subcarinate,
neither dentate nor serrulate ; abdomen subsessile, oblong, owing
to the second segment not being ampliate in the middle, finely
aciculate, second segment with a small, ovate median patch situated
close to the base and having a moderately broad fringe of silky white
pubescence, apical joint also slightly pubescent ; ventral carina
of first segment slightly bideutate ; tibiae without spines. Length
6|- mm.

4 Annals of the South African Museum,

Male. Black, with a faint bluish tinge on the abdomen, prothorax
and mesothorax, tegulae and scutellum ferruginous red ; wings infus-
cate, subhyaline at base : head as broad as the thorax, narrow, posterior
angles not very sharp, deeply aciculate, very pubescent, mesothorax
without any apparent longitudinal groove, scutellum slightly grooved
longitudinally in the middle ; abdomen subpyriform, acutely dented
on each side of the base, finely and closely punctured with the
intervals smooth, apical part of the first and second segments
narrowly fringed with a white pubescence ; ventral carina of first
segment truncate and sharp at both ends; tibiae without spines.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth).

Bred by Dr. H. Brauns, from the cocoons of a Clythrid beetle
found in the nest of an ant, Cremastog aster perinyucyi, Emery.
Dr. Brauns writes that the two sexes he submitted to me were not
bred out of cocoons from the same nest, but that there can be no
doubt as to the identity of the two sexes.

MUTILLA LEDA.

Female. Head, antennae, thorax, and legs brick-red and clothed
with a very dense flavescent pubescence, turning sometimes to
silvery white, abdomen black, patch and bands flavescent or
white ; head as broad as the thorax, with the eyes large, and the
space behind the eyes very small and rounded, rugose, but the
rugosity concealed by a thick pubescence ; thorax truncate at apex,
gradually tapering from there to the posterior declivity where it is
narrower by one-third, outer sides nearly straight but a little
emarginate in the anterior part, and each end of the eniargination
slightly tuberculate, declivity nearly perpendicular, disk coarsely
punctured and very pubescent, upper margin of the declivity with
.a median, moderately conspicuous tubercle ; abdomen subsessile, or
rather slightly pedunculate, ovate, second joint covered with elongate
punctures with raised intervals, fringed with an apical narrow
pubescent white or sub-flavescent band, and having an elongato-
quadrate patch in the middle of the base connected with the apical
band of the first segment, the third joint is clothed with a pubescent
band, and the fourth and fifth have also a short, lateral band of a
similar pubescence ; tibiae with a double series of spines. Length
4-7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Worcester, Prince Albert).

MUTILLA ANNA.

Female. Head, antennae, thorax, tibiae, and tarsi rufescent,
.abdomen black, with flavescent band and spot, head and thorax

Some New or Little Known South African MutillidcB. 65

covered with a dense decumbent flavescent pubescence ; head very
rugose, rounded laterally behind the eyes which are large ; thorax
truncate at tip, gradually ampliated laterally to about the median
part and gradually narrowed from there to the declivity which is
sloping, outer margins bi-incised, and sub-tuberculate at the upper
angle of the declivity, the upper margin of which is serrulate and
has a small but distinct tubercle in the middle and is preceded by
a transverse, narrow, not well-defined groove, disk covered with
irregular, deep, confluent punctures ; abdomen sub-petiolate, basal
segment short, nodose, and with a tooth on each side, second
segment striolate, median patch basal, connected with the apical
band on the first segment, parallel or nearly so, and reaching about
one-third of the length, the band on the apical part and also that of
the third segment are broadly interrupted on each side of the central
part, forming thus three patches ; the four intermediate segments
have a ventral fringe of flavescent hairs, ventral carina of first
segment truncate at both ends. Length 9 mm.
Hab. Cape Colony (Worcester).

MUTILLA CETO.

Female. Black, with the thorax red, spot and bands of abdomen
slightly flavescent, head and thorax covered with a dense flavescent
pubescence; head closely punctured, as broad as the thorax, eyes
large, space behind the eyes short, straight ; thorax moderately
long, parallel, outer margins hardly sinuate, posterior declivity per-
pendicular, disk and declivity covered with deep, closely set, large
punctures ; abdomen sub-sessile, deeply and closely punctured, basal
joint hairy but without any pubescent fringe, second one with a
basal, ovate patch touching the apical margin, and an apical,
pubescent band slightly dilated in the centre, third segment clothed
with a similar band ; ventral carina long, bi-sinuate ; tibiae with a
double series of spines. Length 4-5 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth) ; presented by Dr. Brauns.

MUTILLA IRIS.

Female.- Head, antennae, thorax, and legs red, clothed with
moderately dense hairs, abdominal bands and spot silky white ;
head roughly shagreened, very briefly pubescent, eyes large, head as
broad as the thorax, projecting little behind the eyes, posterior
angles not much rounded ; thorax long, slender, sloping on each
side at apex, gradually attenuate from the apical outer angle to the
base where it is narrower than at the apex by nearly one-third,

5

66 Annals of the South African Museum.

outer sides nearly straight from a short distance from the apical
angle, carinate, not sinuate nor dentate, declivity abrupt, upper part
covered with deep, closely set punctures ; abdomen sub-sessile,
second segment covered with small, elongate punctures, median patch
ovate and equidistant from base and apex, bands on the first and second
segments narrow, that on the third segment covering it entirely ;
ventral carina of the first segment bi-incised, truncate and sharp at
apex, the four intermediate segments piceous red underneath,
narrowly fringed with whitish hairs ; tibiae with a few short spines
difficult to detect. Length 5J mm.

Hab. Natal (Malvern).

Eesembles M. prcedatrix, Sm., but differs in the colour of the
head and thorax, which are respectively black and dark ferruginous
in pradatrix ; the thorax is more attenuated behind and less
coarsely punctured, the abdomen is more ovate, and the spines on
the tibiae are hardly discernible instead of being very conspicuous.

MUTILLA MELPOMENE.

Female. Black, with the thorax red, bands and spot of abdomen
silvery white ; head as broad as the apical part of the thorax, very
deeply pitted, slightly pubescent, eyes large, space behind the eyes
small, base straight or nearly so ; thorax very slightly sloping on
each side at apex, gradually ampliated from there to the base, where
it is one-fourth wider with the outer sides slightly emarginate at
about the median part, posterior declivity perpendicular, disc sub-
alveolate with the intervals forming two series of very short
tubercles above the declivity, the outer margins of which are
serrulate ; abdomen sub-sessile, nearly pyriform, second segment
covered with slightly wavy and interrupted raised lines, basal joint
w r ith an apical fringe of white pubescent hairs, second one with a
median sub-elongate white patch equidistant from base and apex,
third and fourth segment clothed with a pubescent band ; ventral
carina of first segment truncate and sharp at both ends, and slightly
sinuate in the middle ; tibiae spinose. Length 6i mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth) ; presented by Dr. Brauns.

MUTILLA ALCYONE.

Female. Head, antennae, legs, and abdomen black, dorsal part of
thorax dark ferruginous, head and thorax clothed with a very brief,
sub-flavescent pubescence, body with black and white hairs ; head
quadrate with the posterior angles sharp, as broad as the base of the
thorax, irregularly foveate ; thorax sloping much on each side at
apex, nearly straight laterally, but slightly emarginate for half the

Some Neic or Little Known South African Mutillidce. 67

length, nearly abruptly truncate behind, with the sides as well as
the upper margin of the declivity serrate, the latter with a median
truncate flattened tubercle ; the disk is covered with irregular
fovese with raised intervals which form a transverse wavy ridge
above the margin of the declivity ; abdomen subsessile, basal joint
with an apical whitish patch, second one closely striolate, and
having exactly in the centre an ovate patch, third and fourth seg-
ments clothed with a white band ; ventral carina truncate and sharp
at both ends, intermediate segments fringed with white ; tibiae
spinose. Length 10411 mm.

Hob. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Worcester, Griqua-
land West).

I suspect this species to be the female of M. exaltata, Sm.

MUTILLA HECUBA.

Female. Head, antennae, femora, and abdomen black, the an-
tsnnal tubercles, a transverse posterior band on the head, and the
tibiae rufescent, thorax red, body with long black hairs ; head and
thorax clothed with a very short, sub-flavescent pubescence ; abdo-
minal bands and spot slightly flavescent ; head as broad as the
thorax, quadrate with the posterior angles sharp and the base
slightly arcuate, very rugose and with some sub-carinate intervals in
the central part ; thorax nearly parallel, but slightly incised laterally
in the anterior part, not sinuate, as broad at base as at apex, apical
part very slightly sloping on each side, declivity perpendicular, disk
covered with deep, moderately broad punctures, declivity also broadly
punctured, serrulate on the upper margin, which has also a median
truncate tubercle ; abdomen subsessile, shagreened, second segment
covered with dense, closely set, elongate punctures, apical band on
the first segment indistinct in some examples, the median patch on
the second is ovate and equidistant from base or apex, and there is
besides on each side of it a triangular patch of slightly flavescent
hairs, the apex of which nearly coalesces with the median part, and
which consists of scattered hairs not dense enough to form a macule,
the apical part of the segment has no band, but the third and fourth
have a broad one ; the ventral carina is a little emarginate, the four
intermediate segments are thickly fringed with silky white hairs,
and the tibiae are spinose. Length 8-J S-f mm.

Hob. Cape Colony (? Worcester, Port Elizabeth).

MUTILLA CIRCE.

Female. Black, with the anterior part of the thorax pale orange-
yellow, antennae rufescent, tibiae and tarsi also rufescent, femora

68 Annals of the South African Museum.

piceous black except at base, the two dorsal spots on the second
abdominal segment pale orange-yellow, the band on the third one
silvery white ; head not broader than the apical part of the thorax,
rounded laterally behind, eyes very large and convex, space between
the apex of the eye and the base very small ; thorax sloping on each
side at apex, long, slender, gradually narrowed from apex to base and
not emarginate laterally, base narrower than the apex by one-third,
declivity very sloping, disk covered with broad, moderately deep
foveae deeper and broader in the posterior part ; abdomen nearly
sub-pedunculate, first segment sharply dentate laterally at base,
second covered with deep, broad, ovate punctures and having in the
centre, but a little nearer to the base than to the apex, two sub-
triangular yellow patches set close to one another, third segment
clothed with a silvery white band ; ventral carina of first segment
small, feebly bi-dentate, ventral part sub-rufescent ; tibise with a
double row of short spines. Length 6 mm.
Hob. Cape Colony (Mossel Bay).

MUTILLA THEMIS.

Female. Black, with the dorsal and lateral part of thorax red ;
head narrow, long, scrobiculate with the intervals carinate and
undulating, as broad as the thorax at apex, posterior angles a
little rounded, eyes large, very convex ; it is clothed with a sparse,
whitish pubescence and moderately dense, long black hairs ; thorax
elongate, narrow, truncate at apex, deeply incised laterally in the
median part with the angles of the incision dentate, declivity
sloping, the whole of the dorsal part covered with deep scrobes, the
intervals of which form longitudinal, wavy carinaB reaching from
apex to base ; abdomen sub-sessile, sub-pyriform, second segment
striate irregularly, basal joint short and without any band or spot,
second joint with two sub-ovate white patches, not quite in the
middle, but equidistant from the centre of the disk and the outer
margin, third segment with a broad white band, broadly interrupted
in the centre, apical segment with white pubescent hairs ; ventral
carina short, acute, truncate at both ends and with three indistinct
serrations ; tibiae with two spines. Length 15 mm.

Eesembles very much M. sycorax, and might be easily mistaken
for it ; the abdomen however is more pyriform, the mesonotum is
black, the ventral carina of the first joint is not sharply dentate,
and the ridge on the ventral part of the second joint does not end in
a tooth ; the punctures on the second segment are much more
elongate and the intervals much raised and sub-linear.

Male. Black, clothed with grey and black hairs and with white

Some Ncic or Little Known South African Mutillidce. 69

abdominal patches ; head shagreened, anterior and posterior part
clothed with dense, greyish white hairs ; prothorax also clothed
with greyish hairs, mesothorax with five longitudinal grooves,
scutellum produced in a thick, short triangle, metathorax with a
broad median groove, carinate on each side and reaching to about
half the length, and a supra-lateral, sub-diagonal carina coalescing at
about midway with the outer margin, which is also very sharp ;
abdomen sessile, first joint not banded, second one covered with a
white patch, leaving a diamond-shaped space denuded in the centre,
the other joints, except the apical one, have a lateral, apical band ;
underneath the five ultimate joints have a lateral fringe of sparse,
greyish hairs, and the ventral carina of the first joint is short,
truncate at both ends, and not incised ; wings sub- violaceous. The
prothorax and mesothorax are deeply and closely punctured, and
the metathorax closely foveate, the scutellum is thickly fringed with
long, greyish hairs ; the abdominal segments have shallow, spaced
punctures. Length 13-15^ mm.

As closely allied to M. medon, Sm., as the female is to M. sycorax.
Both sexes have been sent to the museum by Colonel J. H. Bowker
as having been caught in copula. I have some doubts, however, as
to the identity of both sexes, because they are so differently marked.
In M. sycorax (? guineensis) the two sexes, which I have several
times bred from the mud nests of Pclopceus spirifex, have similar
markings. It is very singular that the female, which is so closely
allied to M. sycorax that it is difficult to distinguish the two, should
differ so much from the male.

Hub. Natal (D'Urban, Frere, Estcourt) ; Transvaal (Boksburg),
Zarnbesia (Salisbury).

MUTILLA PERSEPHONE.

Female. Black, with the thorax ferruginous red, spots and bands-
on the abdomen silvery white ; head shagreened, briefly pubescent,,
slightly narrowed diagonally laterally behind the eyes, which are
large and very convex, the base is slightly emarginate ; it is slightly
wider than the thorax, which is moderately long, parallel and slightly
denticulate laterally past the median part, posterior declivity perpen-
dicular, serrulate laterally, dorsal part scrobiculate, the intervals
are sub-linear in the median part ; abdomen sub-sessile, elongato-
ovate, second segment punctulate and having two somewhat rounded
supra-lateral white patches situated in the median part, but a little
nearer to the apical than to the basal part, third segment clothed
with a white band broadly interrupted in the centre, apical joint
covered also with a dense white pubescence ; ventral carina of first

70 Annals of the South African Museum.

segment bi-dentate in the centre, the five abdominal segments
thickly fringed with greyish hairs underneath ; tibiae with a double
series of distant spines. Length 7-11 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Seymour), Zambesia (Umfuli Eiver), Natal
(Malvern).

MUTILLA CALYPSO.

Female. Black, with the whole thorax bright red, spots and bands
of abdomen white ; head slightly attenuate behind, and very little
wider than the thorax, clothed with a dense flavescent pubescence,
and deeply and closely punctured, eyes large ; thorax short, slightly
sloping on each side at apex, straight laterally and slightly denticu-
late near the base, deeply foveate, abruptly truncate and with two or
three transverse series of short tubercles along the base produced
by the sharp intervals of the foveas ; abdomen sub-sessile, sub-pyri-
form, second joint finely striolate and having two lateral ovate patches
placed nearer to the apex than to the base, third joint clothed with
a band of white hairs broadly interrupted in the centre, fourth joint
also clothed with a similar band which is, however, much less dense,
but this may be accidental ; ventral carina of first joint tri-incised ;
tibiae with a few rudimentary spines. Length 5 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (exact locality unknown).

MUTILLA PENELOPE.

Female. Black, with the dorsal part of the thorax dark ferrugi-
nous ; abdominal spots and bands silvery white ; head rounded
laterally behind, with the eyes large and the space between the eye
and the base small ; it is closely foveate, very briefly pubescent and
not broader than the prothorax ; the latter is elongate, narrow, very
sloping on each side at base, dilated triangularly laterally in the
anterior part, sub-parallel from there, but slightly emarginate, deeply
and irregularly foveate with the intervals of the foveae conical on the
outer sides as well as at the base, declivity slightly sloping and with
six distinct, slightly undulating caringe ; abdomen sub-sessile and
sub-pyriform, second segment covered with deep, very elongate
punctures, the intervals of which form very distinct raised lines in
the centre of the discoidal part, and having two ovate sub-median
whitish patches a little nearer to the apex than to the base, third
and fourth segments clothed with a white band broadly interrupted in
the centre, apical segment clothed with greyish white hairs ; ventral
carina of first segment tri-dentate ; tibiae with a single series of spines.
Length 9-j mm.

Hab. Zarnbesia (Hartley).

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillidce. 71

Resembles very much J/. persephone, but the sculpture of the
thorax and abdomen is much more pronounced, and in M. perse phone
the third abdominal segment only bears a white band.

MUTILLA THYAS.

Female. Black, thorax bright red, spots on the abdomen silvery
white ; head very rugose and clothed with a brief, greyish pubescence
and a few short black hairs, nearly as broad as the apical part of the
thorax, a little rounded laterally behind, eyes long, sub-emarginate ;
thorax truncate at apex, straight laterally for one-fourth of the length,
a little narrowed but parallel for half the length, and broadening for
the remaining fourth but still straight laterally and with the base
one-fourth wider than the apex, declivity quite perpendicular, whole
surface covered with deep, elongate, narrow and closely set foveae,
basal part with a distinct transverse sulcus above the upper margin
of the declivity ; abdomen sessile, pyriform, segments finely sha-
greened, second one w r ith two round patches placed nearer to the
base than to the apex, third and fourth with two sub-quadrate patches
in a line with those on the second segment, apical part of the ultimate
segment fringed with thick, long, white hairs ; ventral carina of the
first segment short, bi-dentate, intermediate segments fringed with
greyish hairs underneath, the second one has a short, lateral, silky
band along the outer margin ; tibiae with a double series of spines.
Length 19 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom).

MUTILLA INO.

Female. Size and facies of M. cestuans, but the head is broader
and the thorax less arnpliated behind ; head quadrate, much broader
than the thorax, base straight, eyes set forward, frontal tubercles
very sharp ; it is shagreened and faintly striolate in the posterior
part, black, briefly pubescent, pilose, the scape and also the two
basal joints of the antennas are reddish; thorax truncate and of equal
width at both ends, very slightly sinuate laterally with the outer
margins sub-serrulate at the upper part of the posterior declivity,
which is perpendicular, and closely denticulate, and the discoidal part
.is covered with rough, confluent punctures ; abdomen pyriform,
second segment closely and finely punctured and having two median
whitish patches equidistant from outer sides and apical and basal
margins, third segment clothed with a band of white pubescence,
apical segment also pubescent ; ventral carina of first segment
aculeate at tip ; tibiaa with a double series of spines. Length 8 mm.

Hab. Natal (Estcourt, D'Urban).

72 Annals of the South African Museum.

Closely allied to M. perse, but the third segment only is banded
with white, and the two patches on the second one are of different
shape and size.

MUTILLA ACRISIONE.

Female. Black, thorax ferruginous red, spots and bands on the
dorsal part of the abdomen sub-flavescent ; head scrobiculate, hardly
pubescent, broader than the thorax, rounded laterally behind, eyes
large ; thorax not much broader at base than at apex, but with the
median lateral part ernarginate, apical part sub-arcuate with the
anterior angles sharp, deeply scrobiculate with the intervals longi-
tudinally carinate in the median part, but wavy, lateral margins
sub-serrate, declivity sloping ; abdomen sub-sessile, second segment
covered with deep, closely set, elongate punctures, and having two
supra-lateral, rounded, flavescent patches situated at the same dis-
tance from base and apex, third and fourth segments clothed with
a band of sub-flavescent hairs ; ventral carina of the first segment
trifid; tibiae with a double series of spines. Length 9 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch).

MUTILLA NIOBE.

Female. Black, with the upper part of the thorax red, antennae,
tibiae, and tarsi sub-rufescent, femora piceous black, spots and bands
on the abdomen silvery white ; head very broad, quadrate, with the
base sub-arcuate, twice as broad as the thorax, eyes moderate, set
forward, very closely and finely punctured and hardly pubescent ;
thorax short, truncate at apex, parallel laterally and not emarginate,
perpendicularly declivous behind and covered with moderately broad
and closely set punctures, outer margins of the declivity sub-serrulate ;
abdomen sub-sessile, pyriform, second segment closely punctured and
having two small supra-lateral, transverse patches, third, fourth, and
fifth segments clothed with a band of white hairs ; ventral carina of
first segment truncate and sub-aculeate behind ; tibiae with a double
series of spines. Length 7^ mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town).

MUTILLA BELLONA.

Female. Black, with the anterior part of the thorax dark ferrugi-
nous in the middle of the disk ; abdominal bands and spots slightly
flavescent ; head very broad, posterior angles a little rounded, eyes
set much forward, twice as broad as the median part of the thorax,
closely striolate and briefly pubescent ; thorax slightly arcuate at
base with the angle sharp and with a short lateral spine curving
slightly backwards, outer sides deeply emarginate, base not much

Some New or Little Known South African MutillidcB. 73

narrower than the apex without the lateral projection, declivity
perpendicular, disk closely foveolate, sides of the declivity serrulate;
abdomen sub-sessile, second segment covered with closely set, fine,
elongated punctures and having two transverse sub-flavescent patches,
each of which is placed at an equal distance from the side and the
median part, third and fourth segments clothed with a white band,
apical segment fringed at apex with greyish white hairs ; ventral
carina sub-aculeate at both ends; tibiae with a double series of spines.
Length 9i mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Worcester District).

MUTILLA PASYPHAE.

Female. Closely allied to M. bellona; the head, however, is
much broader, with the base deeply sinuate and covered with very
closely set, fine punctures, and the eyes are set forward, the antennae
are rufescent, and the antennal tubercles are sharper and longer;
the thorax is sharply angular at apex, sub-parallel, and a little
attenuate towards the base instead of being nearly straight, and it
is not so broadly and deeply pitted ; the abdomen is more pyri-
form, and the spots on the second segment and the bands on the
third and fourth are similar in shape and colour, but the punctures
on the second segment are much finer and closer ; tibias also with a
double series of spines. Length 9 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Stellenbosch, Uitenhage).

The sculpture and also the shape of the head approximates much
this species with M. bellona, but the shape of the thorax is very
different.

MUTILLA PERSE.

Female. Anterior part of the head and abdomen black, posterior
part of the head and dorsal part of the thorax ferruginous red,
antennae, tibiae, and tarsi sub-rufescent, femora piceous black, abdo-
minal spots and bands white ; head large, quadrate, base straight,
eyes large, set forward, finely shagreened, striolate behind, densely
pubescent, and one-third broader than the thorax, which is parallel
laterally, not eniarginate, and truncate at apex and base, declivity
perpendicular, with the outer margins serrulate, disk closely sub-
foveate ; abdomen sub-pyriform, second segment aciculate and having
two transverse patches in the median part, separated by a narrow
interval and extending to the outer side of the disk ; third, fourth,
and fifth abdominal segments clothed with a silky white band ;
carina of the basal segment short, truncate, and sub-aculeate at base;
tibiae with a double series of spines. Length 8 mm

Hab. Cape Colony (Prince Albert).

74 Annals of the South African Museum.

MUTILLA ANDROMEDA.

Female. Black, with the upper part of the thorax ferruginous
red ; abdominal maculae and band white, but occasionally orange-
yellow or sub-flavescent ; head as broad as the thorax, rounded
laterally behind, eyes small, leaving much space behind, deeply
scrobiculate on the vertex, clothed with a thin, sub-fiavescent
pubescence and set with long black hairs ; thorax nearly straight
at apex, incised at about one-fourth of the length, narrower from
there to the base and nearly parallel but sub-tuberculate at some
distance from the posterior declivity, which is abrupt and serrulate
all round, the disk is covered with irregular, deep foveae with sharp
intervals ; abdomen ovate, sub-sessile, second segment striolate, the
basal one with a median, triangular patch, second one with an
ovate spot on each side placed at an equal distance from the sides
and the median part, central apical part with a small, sub-quadrate
spot, third segment entirely covered by a broad band ; ventral
carina short, truncate and aculeate at apex, second segment with
a moderately deep impression, the base divided by a raised line on
each side of the base underneath, intermediate joints fringed with
greyish hairs ; tibiae with a double series of spines. Length
9-15 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Worcester, Calvinia).

In the example from Calvinia the thorax is redder than in the
typical form, and the abdominal spots and band rich orange-yellow.

MUTILLA ABSINOE.

Female. Black, with the thorax red.

The description of M. andromeda might serve for this species, but
apart from the colour of the thorax, which is totally red instead of
being ferruginous in the dorsal part only, the thorax is narrower
and longer, the intervals of the foveae are more longitudinal, those
on the hind part are raised in the shape of small conical tubercles,
and the edge of the declivity is denticulate ; the abdomen is more
elongato-ovate, the second segment more deeply striolate, and with
the intervals more raised. Length 11 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Klerksdorp).

MUTILLA HECATE.

Female. Black, with the thorax ferruginous red ; head scro-
biculate, clothed with a very brief, whitish pubescence, very abun-
dant on the basal joint of antennae, as broad as the thorax, rounded

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillidce. 75

laterally behind, eyes large, mandibles bifid at tip ; thorax incised
laterally at a short distance from the apex, which is nearly straight,
narrower and parallel from there to the declivity, which is perpen-
dicular and has nine sharp teeth on the upper margin, disk with
seven longitudinal but wavy ridges in the median part and two
lateral series of scrobiculations on each side ; abdomen sub-sessile,
first segment with a small median white patch, second one covered
with elongated, longitudinal raised lines, and having two supra-
lateral, ovate white patches and a small, apical, median one ; third
segment clothed with a white band ; tibiae with a double series of
spines. Length 14 mm.

Very closely allied to M. arsinoe ; differs by the sculpture of the
thorax, the dorsal part of \vhich is covered with much more distinct
and less undulating carinse, the upper margin of the declivity is also
more distinctly dentate ; but the two species may prove to be one.
I have seen only one example of each.

Hab. Zarnbesia (Umfuli Kiver).

MUTILLA ARTEMIS.

Female. Black, \vith the dorsal part of thorax ferruginous ; head
as broad as the thorax, eyes moderately small and placed very
much forward, sides arnpliated laterally, moderately rounded in the
posterior angles, base truncate, scrobiculate, with the intervals
raised and linear in the posterior part, clothed with a very brief
flavescent pubescence, and with long, black, moderately dense
bristles ; thorax broad, short, nearly as wide as long, slightly sloping
on each side at apex, incised laterally but not deeply at a short
distance from the apex, nearly straight from there to a short
distance from the base, where it is a little broader than the anterior
part, and slightly narrow-ed from there to the declivity, which is
perpendicular with the sides denticulate, the disk has eleven very
distinct, slightly undulating ridges reaching from apex to base ;
abdomen sub-sessile, pyriform, second segment distinctly striolate,
spots on the first and second segments and band on the third, as
in M. hecatc ; ventral carina truncate at apex and obsoletely tri-
dentate ; tibiae with a double series of spines. Length 11 mm.

Allied to 1\I. hecate and M . parca, but differs from the first in the
striolate head and broader thorax, the longitudinal carinae of which
are more numerous, the abdomen is also more pyriform ; from M.
parca it differs by the smaller head, less parallel thorax, and non-
dentate upper margin of the declivity.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth).

76 Annals of tlic South African Museum.

MUTILLA PAECA.

Female. Black, with the vertex of the head and dorsal part of
thorax ferruginous or ferruginous red, spots and band of abdomen
pale-yellow ; head broader than the thorax, sub-quadrate, truncate
behind, with the posterior angles moderately rounded, eyes small,
situated much forward, sub-scrobiculate, with the intervals linear in
the posterior part, hardly pubescent, and set with moderately dense
hairs ; thorax short, broad, nearly truncate at apex, very slightly
incised, almost straight laterally, basal part very slightly broader
than the apical one, declivity perpendicular, and upper margin dis-
tinctly dentate, disk with five straight median carinae, two sloping
ones on each side of the five median ones and one or two indistinct
lateral ones ; abdomen sub-sessile, second abdominal segments
striolate, spots and band as in the two preceding species, but
pale-yellow instead of silvery white ; ventral carina sharply denti-
form at apex ; intermediate segments fringed with dense, sub-
flavescent hairs underneath ; tibiae with a double row of spines.
Length 12-16^ mm.

Allied to M. zulu, Kohl, but the head is broader in proportion to
the width of the thorax, the longitudinal carinae of which are more
numerous, the abdomen is more inflated, and there is only a few
lateral white hairs on the edge of the second segment instead of a
narrow band.

Hab. Cape Colony (Prince Albert, Worcester).

MUTILLA AGAVE.

Female. Black, with the dorsal part of the thorax ferruginous,
spots on the abdominal segments silvery white ; head clothed with
a sparse, whitish pubescence, scrobiculate, the intervals raised and
longitudinal in the posterior central part, as broad as the thorax,
subquadrate, eyes set very forward ; thorax nearly parallel, but
emarginate laterally for about one-third of the length, truncate
perpendicularly behind, the top of the declivity denticulate, the
disk scrobiculate but with the intervals in the shape of longi-
tudinal, slightly undulating, carinae ; abdomen subsessile, second
segment covered with longitudinal raised lines ; the basal segment
and also the third, fourth, and fifth with a central, small white
patch, second segment also with a similar central apical patch and
having also an ovate patch on each side nearer to the apex than to
the base ; ventral carina of first segment incised at about the
median part, truncate and sharp at apex, intermediate segments
fringed \vith dense, greyish hairs underneath ; tibiae with a double
series of spines. Length 10^-11 mm.

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillida. 77

Hub. ? Cape Colony ; Zambesia (Urnfuli Biver).
In the specimen from Zambesia the thorax is more distinctly
carinate longitudinally in the dorsal part.

MUTILLA CYDIPPE.

Female. Black, with a broad patch on the head, and the thorax
dark ferruginous, spots and bands on the abdomen golden-yellow ;
head scrobiculate, very slightly pubescent, a little broader than the
thorax, ampliated laterally behind the eyes, which are small and
set forward, posterior angles rounded, base straight ; antennas
piceous red ; thorax truncate in the median part of the apex but
with the angles sloping, straight laterally, and hardly narrower at
base than at apex, perpendicularly declivous behind and covered
with deep, irregular, closely set foveae ; outer margins not serrulate ;
abdomen sessile, basal part of first joint implanted in the second,
longer than usual, and as broad as the apical part of the second
segment, which is covered with elongated punctures with raised
intervals ; the first segment has on each side of the base a broad
triangular yellow patch coalescing with two broad elongated ones
on the second segment ; these two bands are separated by a narrow
median longitudinal space and cover nearly the whole of the upper
part of the segment, except a narrow apical band ; the three seg-
ments following are covered by a pubescent band ; the first segment
is sharply dentate on each side, and the ventral cariua is not very
sharp, the intermediate segments have a fringe of sub-flavescent
hairs, and the tibiae have a double series of spines. Length
9J mni.

Hab. Cape Colony ('? Carnarvon).

9

MUTILLA TERPSICHORE.

Female. Black or piceous, with the thorax ferruginous red on the
dorsal part, clothed with a dense white glistening pubescence on the
head and laterally on the thorax, where it forms two distinct elongate
patches on the epimera on each side ; head a little narrower than the
thorax, very rugose, sub-quadrate and with a very high ridge, inter-
rupted in the centre and very sharp at the external angle, running
along the base ; thorax truncate at apex, diagonal laterally form the
apical angle to about one-third of the length, where it is very dis-
tinctly aculeate, and gradually narrowed from there to the declivity,
where it is narrower by one-third than at its broadest part and slightly
tuberculate at an equal distance from the anterior tubercle and the
base; it is deeply scrobiculate, and the declivity is very sloping;

78 Annals of the South African Museum.

abdomen petiolate, ovate, the node of the first segment with a
transverse series of six acute tubercles, sharply dentate on each side
of the base and with a narrow, apical whitish band or spot, second
segment covered with wide, elongate fovese not very deep and having
five white patches, i.e., a triangular median one divided longitudi-
nally in the centre, and the apex of which does not reach the anterior
edge nor the base the median part, two supra-apical, median, sub-
ovate ones nearly coalescing, and one on each side quite close to the
lateral margin, fourth and fifth segments with a sub-quadrate median
patch, third and fourth segments with a silvery white band under-
neath, prolonged slightly beyond the suture on the dorsal joint ;
ventral carina of first segment dentiform at apex, ventral part of
second segment sub-carinate at the base ; tibiae with a double series
of spines. Length 13 mm.

Hab. Bechuanaland (Morokweng).

This species stands quite isolated among the South African ones.

MUTILLA PANDORA.

Female. Pale-red with the dorsal part of the abdomen black and
the ventral intermediate segments rufescent, head and thorax clothed
with a thick, decumbent, flavescent pubescence, hairs long, dense,
dark, abdominal patches and bands slightly flavescent ; head nearly
as broad as the thorax, finely striolate longitudinally, posterior angles
rounded slightly, eyes moderately large ; thorax broader laterally in
the first anterior part, sides carinate, not emarginate or dentate,
declivity perpendicular, it is concave in the centre, and the disk is
covered with elongate foveas hidden by the flavescent pubescence ;
abdomen sub-sessile, ovate, first segment dentate on each side and
short, second segment covered with raised, interrupted lines and
having a narrow, juxta-basal, elongate, median patch and a supra-
lateral, sub-transverse one at about the median part, equidistant from
the outer margin and the centre of the disk ; the three following seg-
ments are banded with white, but the band of the third one is broad
in the centre only and reduced to a narrow fringe laterally ; ventral
carina of the basal segment indistinct ; tibiae with a double series of
spines. Length 8 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand).

MUTILLA TISIPHONE.

Female. Head, abdomen, antennas, and legs black, thorax red,
body clothed with hairs, black on the upper part and grey under-
neath ; head small, straight behind the eyes, which are large,

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillidcs. 79

truncate transversely behind with the posterior angles not rounded,
narrower than the thorax by one-fourth, very rough, and clothed with
a very brief, yellowish pubescence ; thorax truncate at tip, slightly
ampliate laterally from the anterior angle to a little short of the
median part, bi-sinuate and fad-dentate and a little narrowed from the
first lateral tooth to the declivity, where it is narrower than the apex
by one-fourth ; it is deeply foveate, the foveae closely set and with
raised, smooth intervals forming irregular, wavy, longitudinal ridges,
declivity perpendicular, serrate laterally ; abdomen sessile, first joint
truncate in front and with the sides parallel, and angular in the
anterior part, very rugose and with a sub-quadrate silvery white
patch on each side equidistant from the median and the lateral part
and overlapping slightly the basal edge of the second segment which
is strigose, third segment clothed with a white band broadly inter-
rupted in the middle ; ventral carina of the first segment incised in
the middle with the apical part dentiform, second segment with a
median raised line and a short depression on each side of the base ;
tibiae with one series of spines. Length 13-16 mm.

Allied to M. ccplieus, Sm., and M. comparata, Sm. In shape and
size it very much resembles the former, but the head is smaller, and
the two white patches on the first segment are more distant ; from
M. horrida, Sm., which has similarly arranged white spots and bands
and also a head narrower than the thorax, it differs by the more
slender form, more elongato-ovate abdomen, and principally by the
transversely elongato-quadrate basal segment ; the tibiae have also
one series of spines instead of two, and the second segment is less
conspicuously strigose.

Hab. Transvaal (Klerksdorp, Boksburg), Natal (D'Urban, Frere).

MUTILLA CHIONE.

Female. Head, antennae, abdomen, and legs black, thorax red,
body clothed with black and greyish white hairs ; head closely
scrobiculate, hardly pubescent, truncate behind, straight laterally
with the posterior angle not rounded, space between the base and
the posterior part of the eye small ; thorax a little broader than the
head, straight at apex with the angle sharp, nearly straight laterally
but a little narrowed gradually behind where it is about one-fifth
narrower at the declivity than at apex, irregularly serrate laterally
with one sub-median tooth better defined than the others ; it is
covered on the dorsal part with long, narrow, foveate punctures,
the intervals of which are raised in the form of longitudinal, wavy
lines more distinct from the apex to two-thirds of the length ;
abdomen sub-pyriforni, elongate, shagreened, second segment covered

80 Annals of the South African Museum.

with closely set, smooth, longitudinal raised lines reaching from the
base to two-thirds of the length ; the white spots on the first abdo-
minal segment are equidistant from the median and lateral parts,
and the band on the third segment is narrowly interrupted in the
centre ; the ventral carina of the first segment is sub-acute at apex ;
the tibiae have a double row of spines. Length 9-10 mm.

Hob. Bechuanaland.

This species resembles also M. horrida; it is, however, smaller
and more slender than the smallest examples of M. horrida which I
have seen, and the abdomen is more pyriform.

MUTILLA CLOTHO.

Female. Head, antennae, abdomen, and legs black, thorax ferrugi-
nous red, body clothed with long hairs, sub-flavescent on head and
thorax and beneath, black on dorsal part of abdomen ; head one-
third narrower than the thorax, straight laterally with the posterior
angles not rounded, base not quite straight, scrobiculate, briefly
pubescent ; thorax scrobiculate on the dorsal part with the intervals
raised, apical margin sloping slightly from the median part to the
anterior angle, straight laterally from there to about one-third of the
length, where there is a conspicuous, triangular tooth, and slightly
attenuate past the sub-median tooth to the posterior part, the angle
of which is very long and triangular, posterior declivity perpendicular ;
abdominal segments very densely hairy, aciculate with the exception
of the second which is covered for two-thirds of the length with
elongated, narrow punctures with raised intervals, the two sublateral
patches on the first segment and the broadly interrupted band on the
third one are whitish yellow, the sixth segment is clothed with dense
sub-flavescent hairs ; ventral carina of first segment sharp, truncate
at tip ; tibiae with a single series of spines. Length 19 mm.

Facies of J/. horrida, and with the white spots and band on the
abdomen similar, but is easily distinguished by the long, triangular,
posterior angles of the thorax ; the intervals of the dorsal scrobicula-
tion are not longitudinal laterally, and the tibias have a single row of
spines instead of a double one.

Hab. Transvaal (no exact locality).

MUTILLA MEGAEBA.

Female. Head and thorax ferruginous red, antennae, legs, and
abdomen black, body clothed with long hairs ; head closely foveate,
narrower than the thorax by one-third, straight laterally behind the
eyes, posterior margin slightly arcuate towards the posterior angles,

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillidce. 81

which are rounded ; thorax short, subparallel, as broad as long, and
slightly narrower at the declivity than at the apex, hardly emarginate
laterally but with a few serrations, declivity perpendicular, dorsal
part closely and regularly foveate ; abdomen sessile, first joint
truncate in front, sides parallel with the stalk very short, shagreened
and with an elongate yellowish white patch on each side reaching
from the side to a third of the width, second segment scrobiculate
and having a small narrow patch on each side of the smooth median
part and also a lateral short band, third segment with a narrow band
reaching from the sides to about two-fifths of the length, and thus
leaving the median part of about one-fifth in width uncovered, the
median space between the patches on the second segment and the
bands on the third joint is of equal width ; ventral carina of the first
joint sharp, truncate at apex ; tibiae with a double row of spines.
Length 11-13 mm.

Allied to M. biliinata, Gerst., but the head is much smaller than
the thorax, and the apical patches on the second segment are smaller.

Hab. Cape Colony (Mossel Bay, Port Elizabeth).

(MALES.)

MUTILLA MNEMOSIDES.

Very closely allied to M. capicola, which it resembles in size and
colour, but the abdomen is ovate, not subglobose, the second
segment is not so deeply foveate and the foveae are not so elongate,
the slender basal part of the first segment is much shorter, the
ventral carina of the first segment is sharper at apex and base, and
the second segment has a central depression limited by a distinct
diverging carina on each side and two small, sharp tubercles in the
centre of the basal part ; in M. capicola there is a faint trace only of
a median depression. Length 9 mm.

Hab. Natal (Estcourt).

MUTILLA MA.JA.

Black, with the prothorax, the dorsal part of the mesothorax, the
tegulae, and also the scutellum red, body covered with long, dense,
greyish white hairs ; head subquadrate, one-third broader than long,
eyes set forward, very little emarginate, not projecting beyond the
outer sides ; it is deeply and closely punctured, and the massive
antennae are sub-rufescent ; thorax covered with deep, closely set
punctures with the intervals granulose, mesothorax with a broad
but not deep groove along the tegulae, scutellum raised, metathorax
foveate, declivity perpendicular, wings sub-hyaline at base, infuscate

6

82 Annals of the South African Museum.

for the remaining part ; abdomen covered with very closely set round
punctures, first joint with a short, slender stalk and produced in a
large node and having a thin, transverse fringe of sub-erect pallid
hairs at about the median part, second joint very swollen and with
an apical fringe of long, dense, decumbent whitish hairs, third
segment with a similar fringe ; ventral carina short, sharp, truncate
at both ends ; tibias without any spine. Length 7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth) ; presented by Dr. H. Brauns.

This species is easily recognised by the short stalk of the basal
abdominal joint, which is swollen into a large node resembling that
of a male Apterogyna.

MUTILLA BYBLIS.

Anterior part of the head and abdomen black, posterior part of the
head, neck, upper part of thorax, and base of the first abdominal
segment, red, shining, antennas and legs infuscate ; head as broad as
the base of the prothorax, sub-quadrate, slightly attenuate laterally
behind, very rugose, villose and covered with a very short silvery
pubescence ; lateral part of prothorax slightly and bluntly denticulate ;
metathorax elongated in the shape of a truncate pyramid, covered
with deep, closely set foveas, the intervals of which are sub-tubercu-
late, mesothorax without any longitudinal groove ; first segment of
abdomen long, conspicuously petiolate, spinose laterally at base,
ventral carina sharp and truncate at both ends, covered like the
second segment with small, elongated, closely set punctures, the
intervals of which are moderately raised and sharp, upper apical
margin with a broad band of silky white hairs, second segment
inflated and with a moderately broad white band, third segment also
with a similar band, these two bands are replaced underneath by a
less dense and narrower greyish white band, the fourth segment has
also a similar fringe ; intermediate and posterior tibiae with a double
series of spines ; abdomen and legs, tarsi included, set with dense,
long silvery white hairs. The wings are wanting in the only speci-
men I have been able to examine. Length 7-11 mm.

The shape of the prothorax is nearly identical with that of the
same sex of M. galanthis, and the sculpture of the abdomen is similar,
but the first abdominal segment is longer, and the foveae of the meta-
thorax are deeper and broader.

Hab. Bechuanaland (Moroqueng), Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth).

MUTILLA PHYLIBA.

Black, covered with dense greyish hairs, prothorax and mesothorax
and also the scutellum bright red ; head sub-quadrate, densely and

Some Neiv or Little Known, South African Mutillidce. 83

closely punctured and nearly as broad as the prothorax; prothorax and
mesothorax and also the scutellum covered with shallow, moderately
broad punctures, mesothorax with four longitudinal grooves, meta-
thorax gradually narrowed towards the base, dehiscent, and covered
with regular, closely set foveae ; first and second abdominal segments
covered with closely set, elongate punctures with slightly raised
intervals, apical margin of both with a narrow silky white band,
third segment with a white band of the same width as the one pre-
ceding, replaced underneath as in the case of the second segment
by a band of less dense grey hairs, fourth joint with a similar but
less dense band on the ventral surface ; eyes not emarginate ; wings
totally infuscate ; intermediate and posterior tibiae without spines.
Length 10 mm.

Resembles M. byblis, but is at once distinguished by the narrower
thorax and abdomen, which is also not so ovate, the colour of the
thorax, and the absence of spines 011 the tibias.

Hob. Cape Colony (? Stellenbosch), Port Elizabeth.

MUTILLA ALCITHOE.

Entirely black, with the exception of the mesothorax and the
scutellum which are red and covered with long, moderately dense
greyish hairs ; head broader than long, and equal in width to the
prothorax, rounded laterally from a short distance behind the eyes
which are not emarginate ; it is closely punctured ; prothorax and
mesothorax and also the scutellum deeply punctured, the punctures
moderately broad, metathorax declivous behind covered with deep,
closely set fovese with the intervals raised, and sub-tuberculate
laterally ; abdomen similar in shape, sculpture, and clothing to the
two preceding species ; intermediate tibias only with a double row
of spines. Length 11 mm.

The shape of the abdomen is like that of M. byblis, but the petiole
of the first segment is not quite so dilated ; in the shape and sculp-
ture of the thorax it approximates more that of M. pliylira.

Hab. Cape Colony (Stellenbosch).

MUTILLA EGEEIA.

This species resembles very much M. alcithoe and M. cap&nsis. It
is of the same size as the latter, and the sculpture and shape of
the abdomen are similar, but the thorax is entirely red in M, capensis,
whereas in M. egeria the thorax is black with the dorsal part of the
mesothorax and the scutellum red ; from M. alcithoe, in which
the colouration of the thorax is similar, it differs in the shape of the
head, which is much more elongated behind the eyes, the cheeks are

84 Annals of the South African Museum.

not so straight, nor are they aculeate at tip, and the eyes are not pro-
jecting ; it is also much smaller. Length 7|- mm.
Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town).

MUTILLA PEOCNE.

Black, set with long hlack hairs, turning to greyish on the legs and
on the under part, prothorax totally red ; head sub-quadrate, a little
broader behind the eyes, which are not emarginate, very roughly and
thickly punctured and a little broader than the prothorax ; prothorax
and mesothorax and also the scutellum closely and roughly punctured,
rnetathorax dehiscent, gradually attenuate towards the apex, covered
with moderately deep, but closely set foveae, the intervals of which
are sharp, raised, and sub-tuberculiform ; abdomen as in the three
preceding species, the silky white bands on the second and third
segments are also very noticeable underneath, carina under the first
segment hardly sharp at each end ; intermediate and posterior tibiae
with one series of spines, basal joint of hind tarsi broadly dilated,
compressed, sinuate inwardly, and truncate diagonally at apex ; wings
fuscous. Length 17 mm.

Easily distinguished by the shape of the basal joint of the hind
tarsi.

Hab. Transvaal (Klerksdorp), Zambesia (Salisbury).

MUTILLA ATHIS.

Black, densely covered with long greyish hairs, mesothorax and
scutellum very dark ferruginous-red ; head nearly twice as wide as
the length of the vertex, slightly produced behind the eyes and with
the sides diagonal behind, as broad as the thorax at its widest part ;
eyes prominent, ovate, not emarginate, vertex very closely and deeply
punctured ; prothorax much rounded and produced in a sharp angle
laterally, mesothorax with four longitudinal grooves and covered, like
the scutellum, with closely set punctures, rnetathorax short, very
dehiscent, gradually attenuate behind in the shape of a truncate
pyramid and covered with closely set foveae, the intervals of which
are very slightly tuberculiform ; first abdominal segment long, petio-
late, aculeate laterally at base, covered like the second one with
elongate spots with smooth, moderately raised intervals, basal part
of both segments fringed with a narrow band of silky orange hairs,
third segment also with a band of orange hairs of the same width as
the one on the second segment ; abdominal carina serrulate ; tibiae
without spines; wings subhyaline for two-thirds of the length,
infuscate at tip. Length 11^ mm.

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillidce. 85

No other South African species known to me with long, petiolate
basal abdominal segment has the prothorax rounded in front and
aculeate laterally as the present species.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town).

MUTILLA DEIOPEIA.

Black, covered with a dense greyish villosity and a short pubescence
of the same colour on the head and thorax ; antennae and legs sub-
rufescent ; head very closely punctured, narrowed diagonally from
behind the eyes, which are large and not emarginate ; thorax deeply
and irregularly punctured, the punctures broader and deeper on the
metathorax, which is very declivous behind, one-fourth broader than
long, and rounded laterally at the basal part of the declivity ; abdo-
men with a dark cyaneous tinge, first segment covered with closely
set, broad punctures, second segment very closely and finely punc-
tured, the punctures hardly elongate and with no raised intervals, the
silky white band on the third segment a little wider than that of the
second ; ventral carina of the first segment hardly truncate at apex,
second one with a raised line reaching from the base to about the
median part ; tibiae without spines. Length 8 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Worcester, Port Elizabeth).

MUTILLA CAPENSIS, Sauss.,
Eeis. der Novara. Hymenopt., p. 107, pi. iv., tig. 64.

Black, with the prothorax and mesothorax, and also the scutellum
red ; antennae and legs piceous red ; head a little broader than the
thorax, nearly twice as broad as long, very roughly punctured, eyes
large, not emarginate ; prothorax aculeate laterally and slightly sinuate
behind the sharp projection, mesothorax with two longitudinal,
median grooves, metathorax regularly attenuate behind and strongly
dehiscent ; the upper part is roughly and closely punctured, and the
punctures on the metathorax much broader and deeper than in the
prothorax and mesothorax; first segment of abdomen long, petiolate,
basal part of the first, second, and third segments with a narrow silky
white band, second segment covered with narrow, elongate, closely
set punctures ; ventral carina on the first segment truncate at apex,
the point sharp ; tibiae without spines ; wings hyaline or nearly so at
base, infuscate at tip. Length 8 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town).

The sculpture of the abdomen and the white pubescent bands are
exactly as in the female. I have specimens of both sexes caught in
copuld.

86 Annals of the South African Museum.

MUTILLA IMITATEIX, Smith,

New Species of Hymenopt., 1879, p. 194.

Black, covered with long, dense, whitish hairs, intermingled with
black ones, first and second abdominal segments bright red; head
and thorax clothed with a slightly flavescent pubescence, very thick
on the scutellum ; head with large eyes hardly emarginate, slightly
broader than the thorax, space between the eyes and the outer angle
moderate, posterior angle rounded ; suture of the prothorax and nieso-
thorax deeply marked, mesothorax very convex, scutellum also very
convex, tegulas very small, metathorax sloping, moderately quadrate ;
abdomen petiolate, with the basal joint moderately long and covered
with elongate punctures like the second one, and with no trace of
whitish patch or band, second segment with a narrow black band at
apex, fourth and fifth segments clothed with a white band ; ventral
carina of first segment produced in a long median spine, second
segment with a sharp, median carina reaching to about half the
length; tibiae spinose. Length 8|- mm.

Hob. Transvaal (Klerksdorp), both sexes.

MUTILLA SEMELE.

Eufo-testaceous, abdomen with the exception of the first basal
segment and the apical one fuscous black, legs flavescent, the whole
body covered with long, villous, pallid hairs ; head small, with the
eyes very large, prominent and not emarginate, nearly the whole of
the vertical part occupied by the ocelli, which are very large and very
convex, punctures hardly discernible ; antennae moderately long and
thick, but filiform ; thorax rugulose, mesothorax with two median
longitudinal grooves, metathorax deeply and closely foveate ; first
segment of abdomen long, petiolate, and with a narrow fuscous band
at the apex, ventral carina reaching from base to apex and serrulate,
second segment punctulate and fuscous like the three following ;
tibiae without spines ; wings hyaline, the stigma and apical part of
the fore wings slightly fuscous ; they have only one cubital cell well
defined, no recurrent nervure, no discoidal or apical cell, and the
third submarginal one is not closed. Length 8-11 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Carnarvon).

Eesembles M. pedunculata, Klug, from Egypt and Arabia.

MUTILLA THISBE.

Allied to the preceding species, but very light testaceous and with
the apex of the first and second segments narrowly marginate with
fuscous, third segment entirely fuscous; sculpture, vestiture, and

Some, New or Little Known South African Mutillidce. 87

shape of M. semclc; the basal segment is equally long and slender,
but the node is not quite so thick and the abdomen is a little more
elongato-ovate ; legs without spines ; neuration and colour of wings
as in J/. seinele. Length 8-lli mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Carnarvon, Namaqualand).

MUTILLA AMALTHEA.

Head and thorax bluish black, metathorax dark cyaneous, abdo-
men distinctly cyaneous, legs and antennas black, tegulae dark
ferruginous ; pubescence dense, greyish black ; head small, very
rugose in front, closely punctured behind, eyes moderately large
and slightly emarginate ; prothorax and mesothorax, and also the
scutellum, deeply and closely punctured, mesothorax with two
median, longitudinal grooves, metathorax foveate, and with a broad
groove reaching from the base to one-fourth of the length, smooth
and with the sides marginate; abdominal segments closely punctured,
the punctures on the second segment deep and broad, median part
of the second and third segments with a smooth, depressed narrow
line, basal segment a little elongate but not subpedunculate, ventral
carina of first segment aculeate behind ; the whole abdomen is clothed
with dark hairs ; tibias non-spinose ; legs clothed with a slightly
brownish villosity ; antennae thick, joints slightly marginate in the
upper margin, and a little ampliate underneath ; wings entirely
infuscate. Length 10^-12 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Stellenbosch).

MUTILLA GORGE.

Entirely similar to M. amalthea in shape and sculpture ; the
antennas are also thick and the joints alike, the colour is also blue-
black on the head and thorax, but the mesothorax, scutellum, and
tegulae are red, and the former has also two very distinct longitudinal
median grooves ; the abdomen is cyaneous, clothed with black villous
hairs, and similarly punctured ; the wings are totally infuscate, and
the ventral carina of the first segment is identical in shape. Length
12 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Stellenbosch).

MUTILLA ACIDALIA.

Black, clothed with a dense black pubescence except on the vertex
of the head and the prothorax where the pubescence is golden-yellow,
third dorsal segment of abdomen nearly entirely covered by a silky
white band ; head small, very rugose, eyes large, ovate, not ernar-

88 Annals of the South African Museum.

ginate ; thorax very rugose, mesothorax with four distinct longitudinal
grooves and produced behind in each side in a blunt, dentiform,
horizontal process, not grooved on the upper part ; rnetathorax
transverse, slightly rounded laterally at apex, scrobiculate ; first basal
segment short, petiolate, fringed with a band of white hairs, ventral
carina sharp, truncate at apex, second segment deeply and closely
punctured in the anterior part and laterally, the ventral part with a
very distinct sharp median carina reaching nearly to the apex, and a
less conspicuous and much shorter one on each side, third dorsal
segment with a broad silky white band hardly reaching the sides ;
tibiae without spines ; wings fuscous, but with a sub-violaceous tinge.
Length 14-16 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Worcester), Port
Elizabeth.

Allied to M. Goilcfredi, Eados. and Sich., but easily distinguished
by the yellow pubescence clothing the vertex of the head and the
prothorax, the presence of three ventral caringe on the second seg-
ment of the abdomen, and the absence of an apical white silky patch
on the dorsal part of the thorax, the non-interrupted white band on
the third abdominal segment, and also the more carinate process of
the scutellum.

MUTILLA SPECULATEIX, Smith,

New Species of Hymenoptera, p. l'J-1.

Black, with the sides of the mesothorax and an interrupted band
on the third segment of abdomen clothed with a white pubescence,
first and second segment of abdomen red ; head thickly clothed with
short, dense white and black hairs, eyes large, emarginate ; mandibles
arcuate, very slightly incised at tip ; thorax rugose, mesothorax with
two very distinct median grooves, and slightly tuberculate alongside
the tegulae, post-scutellum clothed with a white pubescence, meta-
thorax rounded behind, sub-carinate laterally, foveate ; wings purplish
for two-thirds of the length, sub-hyaline at base ; abdomen closely
punctured, intervals smooth, band on third segment narrowly inter-
rupted in the centre ; ventral carina of first segment long, sharp,
twice incised ; tibiae without any spines. Length 8^- lOi mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town).

MUTILLA TYKO.

Shape, size, and colour of M. cloantlia, but the mesothorax is not
clothed with greyish or sub-flavescent hairs, and the post-scutellary
region and the base of the rnetathorax are clothed with a dense, silky
subflavescent pubescence ; the metathorax has a broad, median groove,

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillidce. 89

reaching from the base to the median part, not highly carinate
laterally and ending in an aculeate tubercle ; the third segment only
of the abdomen is banded with white, and the spurs of the tibias are
white.

This species is closely allied to M. charaxes, Sin., from Guinea ;
it has also no white or subflavescent pubescence on the prothorax,
and only one band on the third abdominal segment, but in M. tyro the
metathorax is clothed at base with a thick pubescence, and the groove
is neither so long nor so aculeate, nor is it carinate laterally ; the
abdominal band is not interrupted in the centre. Length 14|- mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth ; Uitenhage).

MUTILLA CLOANTHA.

Black, with the first segment of abdomen totally red, second seg-
ment also red but with an apical narrow black margin, body covered
with a dense pubescence, greyish white on the frontal part and the
prothorax, band on the abdomen silvery white ; head transverse,
straight laterally behind, eyes moderately large, deeply emarginate,
punctures broad, closely set, antennae massive ; thorax deeply and
closely punctured, prothorax clothed with a dense greyish white
pubescence, rnesothorax with two median distinct grooves and two
supra-lateral ones less defined, tegulas very large, piceous red,
scutellum convex, slightly emarginate behind, metathorax deeply
foveate and having at about the median part two small transverse
ridges more or less aculeate and not connected with the base by a
groove ; first and second segments of abdomen very roughly sha-
greened, third basal segment only clothed with a silky white band ;
abdominal carina of the first segment produced in a long vertical
tooth at apex ; tibiae not spinose ; wings infuscate from a short
distance from the base. Length 13-13^ mm.

The difference between this species and M. exaltata, Sm., con-
sists in the absence of a pubescent band on the fourth segment ;
the metathorax of the latter has no median groove, and the trans-
verse carina is somewhat bifid and not much developed.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Worcester, Kowie).

MUTILLA HEEMIONE.

Black, clothed with whitish villose hairs ; rnesothorax and
scutellum red, tegulae piceous red; head very rugose, transverse-
quadrate, not rounded laterally behind, slightly broader than the
prothorax at apex and having two median longitudinal narrow
grooves in the posterior part ; rnesothorax, scutellum, and sides
punctulate, metathorax declivous, a little attenuate and rounded

90 Annals of the South African Museum.

laterally behind ; abdomen neither pedunculate nor petiolate, first
abdominal segment with a basal lateral spine, and closely
punctured like the following ones, punctures moderately deep,
narrow and with smooth intervals, the whitish bands on the three
basal segments very narrow ; eyes slightly emarginate ; ventral
carina, abrupt and sharp at tip, denticulate in the middle ; legs
without spines ; wings slightly infuscate from one-third of the
length to the apex. Length 7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Hope Town), Port Elizabeth.

MUTILLA APPIAS.

Black, densely covered with a greyish villosity ; head nearly
as broad as the prothorax, diagonally attenuate behind the eyes
which are large, not emarginate ; prothorax, rnesothorax and scu-
tellum roughly shagreened, metathorax short, very declivous,
nearly twice as broad as long with the basal part of the declivity
rounded, red, and covered with broad, deep punctures, broader and
with the intervals raised in the median part, prothorax with a broad
band of dense whitish hairs covering nearly the whole of the surface ;
first abdominal segment moderately long but distinctly petiolate,
subfoveate, second segment closely punctured, the punctures deeper
and sub-elongate in the anterior part, while the posterior part and
also the sides are only deeply aciculate ; ventral ridge of the first
abdominal segment sharp, truncate and sub-aculeate at apex ; tibiae
without spines ; wings totally infuscate. Length 10414 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Klerksdorp), Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth),
Natal (Estcourt).

MUTILLA CINCHREIS.

Black, clothed with dense, short, villous black hairs, dorsal part
of abdomen with a faint, dark cyaneous tinge ; antennas and legs
opaque black, the joints of the latter thick and sub-acute inwardly at
tip; head rugose, eyes deeply emarginate ; rnesothorax with two deep,
median longitudinal grooves, metathorax more broadly and deeply
punctured than the prothorax rnesothorax and sides, declivous
behind and rounded laterally ; first abdominal segment short, not
petiolate, the segments following closely punctured, the apical bands
on the first and second segments narrow, the one on the third seg-
ment broad and nearly clothing the whole of it ; ventral carina of
first segment short, truncate at tip, both ends sharp ; tibiae without
spines ; wings infuscate all over. Length 9 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Worcester, Port Elizabeth).

J/. dciopcia is the South African species, the description of which

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillidce. 91

would agree most with that of M. cinchreis ; but the latter is more
robust, the antennas are very much longer and thicker, the first
abdominal segment is short and not petiolate, the second segment
and following are more pyriforni, and the ventral part of the second
segment has no carina.

M. HIPPOLYTE.

Black, abdomen with a faint dark-blue tinge, tegulse red ;
head and thorax clothed with long, dense, sub-flavescent hairs,
abdominal bands orange-yellow ; head transverse, rugose, straight
laterally behind the eyes which are slightly emarginate ; thorax
rugose, mesothorax with two longitudinal grooves, metathorax with
the posterior angles rounded ; abdomen sessile, band on the first
segment overlapping the base of the second, which is covered with
short, elongate, densely set punctures, and has on each side a narrow
band reaching a quarter of the width, third segment covered with a
broad band interrupted in the centre ; ventral carina of first segment
truncate and aculeate at base ; wings infuscate throughout. Length
11 mm.

Allied to I/", tccmcssa, but differs by the colour of the thorax,
which is entirely black with the tegulse red, whereas in M.
tecmessa the dorsal part of the prothorax and mesothorax and the
scutellum are red, the second segment of the abdomen is covered with
small, closely set, elongate punctures instead of moderately deep,
round, non-confluent ones, the abdomen is nearly black instead of
cyaneous, the apical band on the second segment is very broadly
interrupted instead of reaching from side to side, and the ventral
carina of the first segment is more truncate and more aculeate at base.

Hab. Cape Colony (? Calvinia).

MUTILLA NYCTIMENE.

Totally black, clothed with black and white hairs ; head closely
punctured, the hairs in the anterior part and along the posterior
part silvery white, eyes not emarginate ; thorax closely and
deeply punctured, the punctures on the metathorax broader and
deeper, mesothorax covered with a dense, greyish white pubescence,
mesothorax with two longitudinal grooves not very apparent, scu-
tellum raised, convex, post-scutelluni with a small fascicle of white
hairs, metathorax with the posterior angles rounded ; abdomen sub-
petiolate, all the segments finely shagreened, basal joint with a
narrow, apical silvery white band, second segment with a broad,
somewhat rounded pubescent white patch placed in the middle of
the basal part and reaching to about the median part, apical

92 Annals of the South African Museum.

marginal band narrower than the one on the third segment which
clothes it entirely ; ventral carina of first segment, short, sinuate,
sharply aculeate at apex, second one with a distinct median carina
reaching from the base to the median part ; tibiae without spines ;
wings totally infuscate. Length 13 mm.
Hab. Zambesia (Umfuli River).

MUTILLA PROSERPINA.

Black, with the thorax bright red, and the spots and bands
on the abdomen sub-flavescent ; head transverse, nearly straight
laterally, arcuate behind, twice as broad as the thorax, roughly and
closely punctured, frontal tubercles distinct, eyes set forward ; thorax
without any noticeable suture between the prothorax and niesothorax,
tegulae very small, almost rudimentary, no wings, scutellum hardly
defined, metathorax ampliate, as wide as the prothorax, rounded
laterally behind ; abdomen sub-pyriform, sub-sessile, second seg-
ment with two median rounded spots equidistant from base and
apex, third segment with a sub-flavescent band, apical segment
pubescent, and spines long ; ventral carina of first segment truncate
at both ends ; tibiae with a double series of spines. Length 3 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (? Beaufort West).

The general appearance is that of a female with thorax constricted
laterally in the median part ; the almost rudimentary tegulee tend
to prove that the disappearance of the wings is not accidental. I
have, however, seen one example only.

MUTILLA ERINNYS.

Male. Black, with the prothorax, niesothorax and the scutellum
red ; head moderately small, scrobiculate, transverse on the vertex,
with the eyes distinctly eniarginate ; prothorax and mesothorax
foveate, tegulaB of the same colour, mesothorax without any longi-
tudinal grooves, scutellum distinctly carinate laterally, the carinse
projecting in a sharp tooth beyond the median part which is declivous
and has a narrow 7 incision in the middle separating it in tw r o short
lobes, metathorax with two deep, broad, smooth depressions close to
the post-scutellum, declivous at base w r ith the posterior angles pro-
duced in a long carinate and triangular process ; abdomen sessile,
closely punctured, the punctures on the second segment not so closely
set and leaving a narrow, nearly smooth median interval with a
narrow, longitudinal line, first segment with a quadrate, sub-
lateral white patch, third and fourth segments w r ith a moderately
broad band extending on each side from the side to two-fifths
of the width ; this band is, however, narrower on the fourth
than on the third segment ; ventral carina of the first joint in

Some Neio or Little Known South African llutiHidcs.

93

the shape of a long incurved tooth, second joint also with a
median carina ending in a sharp, long, dentiform process at the
apex ; tibiae without spines ; wings fuscous except at the extreme
base. Length 19 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Barberton).

The dentiform process on the ventral surface of the second segment
of the abdomen is nearly similar to that of M. calcariventris, Eados.
and Sich.

INDEX.

acidalia -16, 87

acrisione 42, 72

agave 43, 76

aglae 39,

alcis 38,53

alcithoe 45, 83

alcyone 41, 66

althaea 38, 52

amalthaea 45, 87

aiidrorneda 43, 74

aiina 41, 64

antiope 40, 60

APTEROGYNA 35

appias 46,90

ariadna 40, 62

arsinoe 43, 74

artemis 43, 75

athis 45, 84

baucis 39, 53

bellona 42, 72

berenice 40, 58

beroe 37, 48

byblis 44, 82

callirhoe 39, 56

callisto 39, 57

calypso 42, 70

capensis 45, 85

capicola 37, 47

cassiope 41, 62

ceto 41, 65

chione 44, 79

cinchreis 46, 90

circe 41, 67

climene (Apterogyna) 36, 66

cloantha 46,89

clotho 44, 80

cybele (Apterogyna) 35,

cydippe 43, 77

PAGE

danae 38, 50

deiopeia 45, 85

egeria 45, 83

electra 39, 57

erinnys 47, 92

erigone 38, 51

eurydice 38, 50

evadne 38, 52

galanthis 37, 49

glauce 39, 56

gorge 45, 87

hecate 43, 74

hecuba 41, 67

helle 40, 58

hermione 46, 89

hippolyte 46, 91

ilythia 39, 55

imitatrix 86

ino 42, 71

iris 41, 65

latona 39, 54

leda 41, 64

niaja 44, 81

megaera 44, 80

uielete 40,61

melpomene 41, 66

mnemosides 44, 81

mneniosina (Apterogyna) ... 36

MUTILLA 37

niobe 42. 72

nyctimene 46, 91

omphale 41, 63

94

Annals of the South African Museum.

PAGE

pandora 43, 78

parca 43, 75

pasyphae 42, 73

penelope 42, 70

perse 42, 73

persephone 42, 69

phylira 44, 82

polyxene 39, 51

procne 45, 84

proserpina 47, 92

purpurata 40, 60

semele 45, 86

PAGE

speculatrix 46, 88

syrinx 37, 48

taygete 40, 61

tecmessa 40, 58

terpsichore 43, 77

themis 42, 68

thisbe 45, 86

thyas 42, 71

thyone 41, 63

tisiphone 44, 78

tyro 46,88

(95

III. List of the Reptiles and Batrachians of South Africa, with
Descriptions of New Species. By W. L. SCLATER, M.A., F.Z.S.,
Director. (With Plate V.)

THE following list of Eeptiles has been compiled from Mr.
Boulenger's catalogues of the British Museum collection, to which
in each case a reference has been given, as "well as to the original
author of the specific name.

The species described since the publication of the catalogues have
been added in their proper places, together with the reference to the
original description.

The definition of South Africa as used in this list is Africa south
of the Cunene Eiver on the west, and of the Zambesi on the east,
and therefore includes the whole of German South-West Africa, that
part of the Chartered Company's territory and of Portuguese East
Africa which lies south of the Zambesi, the Eepublics, and the
Colonies.

On the whole this forms the most convenient boundary for our
purpose, as it corresponds to what is politically considered to be
included in South Africa, and although not a natural faunistic
boundary, is easier to deal with than the tropic of Capricorn, which
is the one often adopted.

Following the list will be found descriptions of a new r species of
Snake, Lizard, and Frog, the latter necessitating the formation of a
new genus ; these specimens have been compared with their nearest
allies in the British Museum, and my best thanks are due to Mr.
Boulenger for great help and assistance in this matter.

The following table shows the number of types or cotypes in the
South African Museum, and the numbers of species in the Museum
as compared with the total number found in South Africa.

96

Annals of the South African Museum.

An asterisk prefixed to a species in the list indicates that it is not
represented in the Museum.

No. of
Types or
Cotypes.

No. of
Species in
S.A. Museum.

No. of Species
not iii
S.A. Museum.

Total number
in South
Africa.

Chelonia

1

17

9

19

Emydosauria

o

1

o

1

Ophidia

3

64

16

80

Lacertilia

5

87

31

118

Batrachia

1

22

11

33

Total

10

191

60

251

PAET I. LIST.

CHELONIA.

FAMILY I. SPHAKGIDJE.

1. Dermochclys coriacea (Linn.) ; Cat. Chel., p. 10. One specimen

recently stranded in Table Bay, and presented to the
Museum by Mr. P. C. Keytel.

FAMILY IL TESTUDINIDJE.

2. Cinixys bclliana Gray; Cat. Chel., p. 143. A tropical African

species recently obtained for the South African Museum
from Mazoe, in Mashonaland, by Mr. J. ff. Darling.

3. Homopus areolatus (Thunberg) ; Cat. Chel., p. 147.

4. Homopus femoralis Bouleng. ; Cat. Chel., p. 147.

5. Homopus sitjnatiis (Walbaum) ; Cat. Chel., p. 148.
;: 6. Testudo calcarata Schneid. ; Cat. Chel., p. 159.

7. Testudo pardalis Bell ; Cat. Chel., p. 160.

8. Testudo geometrica Linn. ; Cat. Chel., p. 162.

9. Testudo verreauxi Smith; Cat. Chel., p. 163. The Museum

possesses one shell of this apparently rare form from near
Beaufort West.

List of Reptiles and Batrachians of South Africa. 97

10. Tcstudo trimeni Bouleng. ; Cat. Chel., p. 163. The cotype of

this species obtained by the Eev. G. H. R. Fisk from the
mouth of the Orange River is in the South African Museum.

11. Testudo tentoria Bell; Cat. Chel., p. 164.

12. Testudo smithii Bouleng. ; Cat. Chel., p. 165.
*13. Testudo fiskii Bouleng. ; Cat. Chel., p. 165.

14. Tcstudo oculifera Kuhl ; Cat. Chel., p. 165.

15. Testudo anrjulata Schweigg. ; Cat. Chel., p. 178.

FAMILY III. CHELONID^E.

16 Chclono imbricata (Linn.) ; Cat. Chel., p. 183. The Hawksbill
is not common on the South African coast ; one specimen
from False Bay, presented by Mr. C. A. Fairbridge, is in
the Museum.

17. Thalasso chcl/js caretta (Linn.) ; Cat. Chel., p. 184.

FAMILY IV. PELOMEDUSID/E.

18. Steruo thcerus sinuatus Smith; Cat. Chel., p. 194.

19. Pelomedusa galeata (Schoepff.) ; Cat. Chel., p. 197.

EMYDOSAUEIA.

FAMILY I. CBOCODILIDJE.
1. Crocodilus niioticus Laur. ; Cat. Chel., p. 283.

OPHIDIA.

FAMILY I. TYPHLOPIDJE.

1. Typhlops braminus (Daud.) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 16.

2. Typhlops vcrticalis (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 32. The Museum

possesses two specimens of this apparently rare ground
snake, from Malmsbury, in the western part of the Colony,
and from Delagoa Bay respectively.

:;: 3. Typhlops auchictac Bocage ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 40.

" ;: 4. Typhlops mossambicus (Peters) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 41.

7

98 Annals of the South African Museum.

5. Typhlops bibronii (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 44.

6. Typlilops schlegelii Bianconi ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 44 ; Boulenger, Ann.

Mag. N. H. (6) ii. p. 139.

7. Typlilops delalandii Schleg. ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 45.

8. Typlilops mucroso (Peters) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 46.

9. Typhus sell-in zi Boettg. ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 47.- -The Museum

possesses a specimen of this snake obtained in Namaqua-
land.

FAMILY II GLAUCONIIDJE.

:;: 10. Glaucoma distanti Bouleng. ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 62.

11. Glanconia niyricans (Schleg.); Cat. Sn. i. p. 67.

"12. Glaucoma conjuncta (Jan) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 67.

:;: 13 Glauconia scutifrons (Peters) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 68.

FAMILY III. BOIDJE.

14. Pytlion sebae (Gmel.) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 86.

FAMILY IV. COLUBEID^E.

SUB-FAMILY I. COLUBR1NJE.

15 Tropidonotus oliraceus (Peters) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 227. Of this
species, which has been hitherto only known from tropical
Africa, the Museum has recently acquired a specimen from
Salisbury, in Mashonaland, presented by Mr. G. A. K.

Marshall.

16. Ablabopliis rufulus (Licht.) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 318.

17. Lampropliis aurora (Linn.) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 321.

*18. Lampropliis inoratus Dum. and Bibr. ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 321.

19. Lampropliis fiskii Bouleng. ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 322.

:;: 20. Lampropliis, fuscus Bouleng. ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 322.

21. Boodon infcrnalis Gimth. ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 330

52. Boodon guttatus (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. i p. 331. Of this species,
of which the type is no longer in the British Museum, the

List of Reptiles ani Batracliians of South Africa. 99

South African Museum possesses an example from the
neighbourhood of Cape Town, obtained some years ago,
but only recently identified.

23. Boodon lineatus Dum. and Bibr. ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 332.
: 2i. Boodon mentalis Giinth. ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 335.

25. Lycoplddium capcnsc, (Smith) ; Cat. Sn, i. p. 339,

26. Simocephaliis capensis (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 345.

27. Simoccphalm nyassa Giinth. ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 347. The Museum

possesses examples of this snake from Natal and from
Delagoa Bay, which extend the range of the species
southward from East Africa, where it has been only
hitherto known

28. Lycodon aulicus (Linn.) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 352. There is a specimen

of this common Indian snake in the Museum, obtained from
Delagoa Bay. It is not improbable that it has been brought
thither by artificial means.

29. Pscudaspis cana (Linn.) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 373.

30. Chloropliis hoplocjastcr (Giinth.) ; Cat. Sn. ii. p. 93.

31. Ghloropliis natalensis (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. ii. p. 94.

32. Glilorophis irregularis (Leach) ; Cat. Sn. ii. p. 96. The Museum

possesses two examples of this snake, hitherto recorded
only from tropical Africa, obtained in Mashonaland by
Mr. J. ff. Darling.

33. Philothamnus semivariegetus (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. ii. p. 99.

34. Prosymna sundevalUi (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. ii. p. 247.
*35. Prosymna frontalis (Peters) ; Cat. Sn. ii. p. 248.

36. Homolosoma Intrix (Linn.) ; Cat. Sn. ii. p. 274.

37. Homolosoma varic/jatum Peters ; Cat. Sn. ii. p. 276.

38. Grayia lubrica, sp. nov. (see below).

SUB-FAMILY II. RH ACHIODONTIN/E .

39. Dasypeltis scabra (Linn.) ; Cat. ii. p. 354.

100 Annals of tlie South African Museum.

SUB-FAMILY III. DIPS ADOMORPHIN JE .

40. Pytlwnodipsas carinata Giinth. ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 45.

41. Tarbophis semiannulatus (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 51. This

snake does not appear to have been hitherto recorded from
South Africa. The Museum possesses specimens from
Barberton, in the Transvaal, and from Delagoa Bay,
presented by Dr. P. Eendal and Mr. J. de Costa,
respectively.

42. Leptodira hotamlceia (Laur.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 89.

43. Amplorhinus multimaculatus Smith; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 125.

44. Trimerorliinus rhombeatus (Linn.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 138.

45. Trimerorhinus tritceniatus (Giinth.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 139.

46. Rhamphiophis multimaculatus (Smith); Cat. Sn. iii. p. 148.

47. Psammophis notostictus Peters; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 156.
:;: 48. PsamiKo/i/iix trit/ra/iunus Giinth; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 159.

49. Psammophis sibilans (Linn.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 161. This snake,

which is found in tropical Africa and Egypt extends south-
wards to Mashonaland, whence the Museum has received
specimens. The allied form found in the Colony is assigned
by Mr. Boulenger to P. nostostictiis.

50. Psammophis furcatus Peters: Cat. Sn. iii. p. 164.

51. Psammopliis brevirostris Peters ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 166.

52. Psammopliis cnicifcr Boie ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 169.

::: 53. Psammophis jallce, Peracca, Bol. ; Mus. Turin xi. No. 225
[Ehodesia] .

54. Tliclotornis kirtlandii (Hallow.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 185.

55. Dispholidus tupus (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 187.
:;: 56. Galamelaps concolor (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 246.

57. Macrclaps microlepidotus (Gtinth.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 255.

58. Aparallactus capcnsis Smith ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 259.

SUB-FAMILY IV. HYDROPHIIN^E.

59. Hydras plat urns (Linn.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 267. This sea-snake

has been caught in both Table and False Bays.

List of Reptiles and Batracliians of South Africa. 101

SUB-FAMILY V. ELAPINJB.

60. Elapecliis dccosteri (Bouleng.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 360. Of this
species the Museum possesses the original type from Delagoa-
Bay, presented by Mr. J. de Costa.

:;: 61. Elapecliis sundevallii (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 360.

62. Naia liaic (Linn.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 374. This, the tropical

African form of cobra, extends as far south as Delagoa Bay,
from whence the South African Museum is indebted for a
specimen to Mr. J. de Costa.

63. Naiaflava (Merr.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 376. This is the commonest

form of cobra, and is found throughout the Colony.

64. Naia nigricollis Eeinh. ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 378. This is the cobra

of Natal and the east coast.

:;: 65. Naia auchietce, Bocage ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 387.

66. Sepedon hamachates (Lacep.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 389.

67. Aspidelaps lubricus (Laur.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 390.

68. Aspidelaps scutatus (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 391.

69. Homorelaps lacteus (Linn.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 409. This, the garter

snake, is better known under its old name of Elaps hi/c/e e ce.

70. Homorelaps dorsalis (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 410.

71. Dendraspis angusticeps (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 437.

FAMILY V. VIPEEID^E.

72. Camus rhombcatus (Lichtenst.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 467.

73. Causus defilippii (Jan) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 469.

74. Bitis arictans (Merr.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 493.

75. Bitis peringueyi (Bouleng.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 495. The type

of the species obtained near Walfisch Bay, is in the South
African Museum, presented by Mr. L. Pe'ringuey.

76. Bitis atropos (Linn.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 495.

77. Bitis inornata (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 496.

78. Bitis cornuta (Daud.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 497.

79. Bitis caudalis (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 498.

102 Annals of the South African Museum.

:;: 80. Bitis gabonica (Dura, and Bibr.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 499.
81. Atractaspis bibronii (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 515.

LACEBTILIA.

FAMILY I. GECKONID^E.

1. Chondrodactylus weiri Bouleng., Proc. Zool, Soc., 1887, p. 340.

2. Chondrodactylus angulifer Peters ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 11.

3. Ptenopus garrulus (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 15.

4. Phyllodactylus porpliyrcus (Daud.) ; Cat, Liz. i. p. 87.
' ;: 5. Phyllodactylus lineatus Smith ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 92.

6. CEdura africana Bouleng., Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) ii., 1888, p. 137.

The Museum possesses one of the original specimens
described by Mr. Boulenger from Namaqualand, presented
by Mr. B. Nightingale.

7. (Edura nivaria Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 608, pi.

xlvii. fig. 1.

:;: 8. Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnes); Cat. Liz. i. p. 122,

9. Lygodactylus capensis (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 160.
:;: 10. Homopliolis icahlbcrgii (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 191.

11. Homopliolis macrolepis Bouleng. ; Cat, Liz. iii. p. 489. The

cotype of this species from Delagoa Bay is in the South
African Museum

12. Pachydactylus bibronii (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 201.

13. Pachydactylus capensis (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 202.

14. Pachydactylus formosus Smith ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 203,

15. Pachydactylus rugosus Smith ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 204.

16. Pachydactylus ocellatus (Cuv.) ; Cat. Liz. i p. 205.

17. Pachydactylus maculatus Smith ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 206.

*18. Pachydactylus mcntomarginatus Smith ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 207.
19. Pachydactylus mariqucnsis Smith ; Cat. Liz. i. p, 207.

List of Reptiles and Batrachians of South Africa. 103

20. Pachydactylus fasciatus Bouleng., Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) ii.
1888, p. 138. The Museum possesses the cotype of this
species, described by Mr. Boulenger, from Namaqualand.

*21. Pachydactylus affinis Bouleng., Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) xvii.
p. 21 (1896)

:;: 22. Pachydactylus l&vigatus Fischer, J. B. Hamb. Wiss. Anst.
v. 1885, p. 15.

::: 23. Colopus wahlbergii Peters ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 208.

24. Elasmodactylus namaqucnsis ; sp. nov. (see below).

25. PJioptropus afer Peters ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 217.

26. Rhoptropus ocellatus Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 490.

FAMILY II. AGAMID2E.

27. Agama hispida (Linn.) ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 349.

28. Agama brachyura Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 350.

29. Agama aculeata Merr. ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 351.

30. Agama armata Peters ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 352.

31. Agama atra Daud. ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 352.

32. Agama planiceps Peters ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 358.

33. Agama atricollis Smith ; Cat Liz. i. p. 358.

;: 34. Agama microterolepis Bouleng., Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) xvii.
p. 22 (1896) [Transvaal] .

FAMILY III. ZONUKIDJE.

35. Zonurus gigantcus (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 253.

36. Zonurus cataphractus (Boie) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 255.

37. Zonurus cordylus (Linn.) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 256.

38. Zonurus polyzonus (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 257.
: 39. Zonurus capensis (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. ii p. 258.

: 40. Zonurus joncsii Bouleng.. Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) vii. p. 417
(1891) [Transvaal],

104 Annals of the South African Museum.

*41. Zonurus vittifcr Beichenbach, Zool. Anz. 1887, p. 372 [Zulu-
land].

42. Pseudbcordylus microlepidotus (Cuv.) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 259.

43. Platysaurus capensis Smith; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 261. The Museum

possesses one example of this species from Victoria West,
obtained by Mr. B. M. Lightfoot ; it appears to have been
hitherto known only from the unique type in the British

Museum.

"44. Platysaurus guttatus Smith ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 262.

45. ChamcBsaura cenea (Fitzing.) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 263.

46. ChamcBsaura didactyla Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 82 r

pi. xi. fig. 1.

47. ChamcBsaura anguina (Linn.) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 264.

48. Chamcesaura macrolepis (Cope) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 264.

FAMILY IV. VAEANID^.

49. Varanus albigularis (Daud.) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 307.

50. Varanus niloticus (Linn.) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 317.

FAMILY V. AMPHISB^ENIM].

*51. Amphisbcena violacea Peters ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 446.
*52. Amphisbcena quadrifrons Peters ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 447

53. Monopeltis capensis Smith ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 455.

FAMILY VI. LACEBTIDJE.

54. Tropidosaura montana (Gray) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 51.

55. Nucras tessellata (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 52

56. Nticras delalandii (M.-Edw.) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 53.

57. Ichnotropis capensis (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 78.

58. Ichnotropis squamulosa Peters ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 79.
;:: 59. Eremias lugubris (Smith) ; Cat. Liz, iii. p. 84.

60. Eremias suborbitalis Peters ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 90.

List of Reptiles and Batracliians of South Africa. 105

61. Eremias n.amaqucnsis Dura, and Bibr. ; Cat. Liz. iii p. 91.
: ' : 62. Eremias undata (Smith) ; Cat. Liz, iii. p. 92.

63. Eremias pulcliella Gray ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 93.
*64. Eremias lineo-ocellata Dum. and Bibr. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 94.
*65 Eremias burcliellii Dum. and Bibr. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p 95.

66. Eremias capensis (Smith) ; Cat. Liz iii. p. 96.

67. Scapteira knoxii (M.-Edw.) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 109.

68. Scapteira depressa (Merr.) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 110

69. Scapteira serripes (Peters) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 111.

70. Scapteira ctenodactyla (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 115.
*71. Scapteira cuneirostris Strauch ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 116.

FAMILY VII. GEBBHOSAUBIDJE.

72. Gerrliosaurus validus Smith ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 121.

73. Gerrliosaurus fiavigularis Wiegm. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 122.

74. Gerrliosaurus typicus (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 123.

75. Tetradactylus scps (Linn.) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 124.

76. Tetradactylus tctradactylus (Lacep.) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 125.

77. Tetradactylus africanus (Gray) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 125.

78. Cordylosaurus trwittatus (Peters) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 126.

79. Cordylosaurus subtessellatus (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p 126.

FAMILY VIII. SCINCID^.

:;: 80. Mabuia stangeri (Gray) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 157.

81. Mabuia liomalocepliala (Wiegm.) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 170.

82. Mabuia peringueyi Bouleng., Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) ii. p. 139

(1888). The cotype from Darnaraland presented by Dr.
Marloth is preserved in the Museum.

*83. Mabuia gruetzneri (Peters) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 171.
"-84. Mabuia trivittata (Cuv.) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 195.

106 Annals of the South African Museum.

85. Mabuia occidental^ (Peters) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p.. 196.

86. Mabuia varia (Peters) ; Cat. Liz, iii. p. 202.

87 Mabuia chimbana Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 204

88. Mabuia striata (Peters) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 204.

89. Mabuia sulcata (Peters) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p, 206.

90. Mabuia acutilabris (Peters) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 208.

91. Lygosoina sundevallii (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 307.

92. Ablepliarus walilbergii (Smith); Cat. Liz. iii. p. 350
::: 93. Scdotes capensis (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 412.
*94. Scdotes tridactylus Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 413.
::- 95. Scelotes caffer (Peters) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 413.

96. Scelotes bipes (Linn.) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 414.
*97. Scelotes guentlieri Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 414.
*98 Scelotes inornatus (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 415.

99. Scelotes arenicola (Peters) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 415.
*100 Scelotes bicolor (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 416.

101. Herpetoseps anguinus Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 416
:;: 102. Scpsina grammica Cope ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 421

103. Acontias meleagris (Linn.) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 427

104. Acontias plumbeus Bianconi ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 428

105. Acontias lineatus Peters ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 428.

106. Acontias grayi (Bouleng.) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 428.

107. Typlilacontias punctatissimus Bocage ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 429.

FAMILY IX. ANELYTBOPID/E.

108. Typlilosaurus lineatus Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 432.
*109. Typlilosaurus c&cus (Cuv.) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 434.

110. Typlilosaurus vermis Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p 434.

List of Reptiles and Batracliians of South Africa. 107

FAMILY X. CHAKELEONTIMJ.

111. Ghamcelcon parvilobus Bouleng.; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 449

112. Cham&leon melanoccplialus (Gray) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 457
::: 113. Cliamcelcon gutturalis Smith ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 457.

114. Chamcekon tceniobronchus Smith; Cat Liz. iii. p. 458.

115. Chamcelcon pumilus Daud. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 458.

116. Chamcelcon ventralis Gray ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 459.
"117. Chamcelcon damaranus Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 460.

118. Chamcelcon namaqucnsis Smith ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 462,

BATEACHIA.

FAMILY I. BANIDJE.

1 Rana natalensis (Smith) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 30.

2. Rana dclalandii (Tschudi) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 31

3. Rana adspcrsa (Tschudi) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 33

4. Rana fuscig ida Dum. and Bibr. ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 50.
*5. Rana angolensis Bocage ; Cat Bat. Sal. p. 50.

*6. Rana oxyrhynchus Smith ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 51 r
7 Rana grayi Smith ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 53.
8. Ranafasciata (Tschudi) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 54.

::= 9. Rana qucckctti Bouleng., Proc. Zool Soc. 1894, p. 643,
pi. xxxix. fig. 1 [Natal].

10. Hclopliryne purcclli, gen. et sp. nov. (see below).
*11. Plinjnobatraclius natalensis (Smith) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 112.

*12. Phrynobatrachus ranoides Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894,
p. 644, pi. xxxix., fig. 2 [Natal].

13. Artlirolcptis wahlbergii Smith ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 117.
*14. Artlirolcptis bocttr/cri Bouleng. ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 118.

108 Annals of the South African Museum.

15. Rappia horstockii (Schleg.) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 120.

16. Rappia marmorata (Bapp.) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 121.
*17. Rappia tuberilinguis (Smith) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 125.
*18. Rappia cinctiventris (Cope) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 126.
*19. Rappia pusilla (Cope) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 127.

20. Mecjalixalus spinifrons (Cope) ; Cat. Bat. Sal p. 130.

*21. Cassina senegalensis (Dum. and Bibr.) ; Cat. Bat. Sal p. 131.

22. Cassina wealii Bouleng. ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 131.

23. Hylambatcs natalcnsis (Smith) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 135.

FAMILY II ENGYSTOMATIDJE.

:;: 24. Phrynomantis bifasciata (Smith) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 172.

25. Breviceps gibbosus (Linn.) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 176.

26. Breviceps verrucosus Bapp. ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 177.

27. Breviceps mossainbicus Peters ; Cat. Bat. Sal p. 177.

28. Hcmisus guttatum (Bapp.) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 178.

29. Cacostemum nannm Bouleng., Ann. Mag. N. H. (5) xx. p 52

(1887).

FAMILY III. BUFONIDJE.

30. Bufo regularis Beuss ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 298.

31. Bufo ancjusticeps Smith ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 300.

32. Bufo carens Smith ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 301.

FAMILY IV. DACTYLETHKHXE.

33. Xenopus Icevis (Baud.) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 456.

List of Reptiles and Batracliians of South Africa. 109

PAET II. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

GEAYIA LUBEICA, sp. nov.
Plate, tig. 1, la.

Rostral broader than deep just visible from above, internasals
longer than broad, longer than the praefrontals ; frontal about twice
as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
considerably shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ;
one prae- two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; upper labials eight,
fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact
with the anterior chin- shields which are about the same length as
the posterior ; scales in 19 rows on the anterior part of the body ;
ventrals 177 ; anal undivided ; tail in the unique specimen incomplete
so that the number of subcaudals cannot be given.

Colour, dark shining black above, a narrow yellow line on either
side of head behind the eye ; below yellow with a narrow ill-defined
dark line running the whole length of the body along the centre of
the ventrals. The two outer row r s of scales spotted and blotched
with black.

Length of type, 800 mm. ; with tail complete would doubtless
reach 1,000 mm.

The colouration and general appearance of this snake differs
considerably from that of Grayia smytliii, from which it further
differs in the number and arrangement of the temporal and upper
labial shields, the higher number of ventrals and the undivided anal.

From another species described by Dollo (Bull. Mus. Belg. iv.
1886, p. 158) as Grayia yiardi, the present species differs in the
number of its postoculars described in that form as being three in
number, but the description given is too inadequate to make a
thorough comparison between the two forms.

The type and unique specimen (Register No. 2,009) was obtained
by ]\Ir. M. Watermeyer at Tsomo in the Transkei district of the
eastern part of Cape Colony, and is preserved in the South African
Museum. The genus is new to South Africa ; the other species are
G. smytliii from West Africa and Angola, G. furcata from the Congo
district, and G. giardi from Lake Tanganyika.

ELASMODACTYLUS NAMAQUENSIS, sp. nov.
Plate, fig. 2, 2, 26.

Body stout, limbs short ; head longer than broad, depressed, quite
distinct from the neck ; snout obtuse, longer than the distance of eye

110 Annals of the South African Museum.

to ear-opening, not quite twice the diameter of the ear-opening ;
ear-opening slightly oval, its greatest diameter half that of the eye,
upper part of the snout covered with granules larger than those of
the occiput, and having no markedly larger tubercles interspersed
among them ; nostril pierced between the rostral, the first labial and
three other small scales ; rostral rather broader than deep, no median
cleft, upper margin scalloped ; ten upper and ten lower labials ;
mental large with rounded posterior border, no chin-shields ; throat
covered with small granules ; body, limbs, and tail covered with
granules and tubercles of unequal sizes, the latter fairly evenly
distributed, and becoming more conical and pointed on the hinder
part of the body, the limbs and tail ; vertebral line with no tubercles ;
belly covered with subquadrangular small smooth scales, juxtaposed
but not imbricate ; digits of moderate size, not very unequal in
length, the distil joint being dilated into an ovate disc on the upper
surface of which are two enlarged scales which protect the pouch
into which the very minute claws can be retracted, under surface
of the toes with a series of ' transverse lamellae, the number on the
median toe of the hind foot being thirteen.

Colour. Above grey with traces of darker spots, some of the
large tubercles being black, traces of transverse bands on the tail,
below uniform dirty white.

Measurements. From snout to vent, 80 mm. ; tail, 60 mm. ;
head, 22 mm. ; width of head, 16 mm. ; fore limb, 28 mm. ; hind
limb. 33 mm.

This species of Gecko differs from Elasmoclactylus tuberculosus,
Boulenger,* the only species of the genus hitherto described in the
slightly different arrangement of the plates round the nostrils, in
having dorsal tubercles more widely scattered and more distinct in
size, and in their being conical and pointed 011 the posterior part of
the body, also in the number of transverse lamellae beneath the toes.

The type of this species (No. 935 of the Museum register) was
obtained in Namaqualand, in the Colony, by Mr. W. C. Scully, and
there also exists in the Museum a second specimen, of which, how-
ever, the history is unfortunately unknown.

The genus is new to South Africa, the only other species of the
genus, E. tuberculosus above referred to, having been obtained in the
Lower Congo district.

HELEOPHRYNE, nov. gen., Eanidae.

Pupil vertical. Tongue free rounded behind. Vomerine teeth
present. Tympanum not visible. Fingers free. Toes webbed to

* Proc. Zool. Soc, 1894, p. 727.

List of Reptiles and Batrachians of South Africa. Ill

tips. Tips of fingers and toes dilated considerably into regular discs
Outer metatarsals separated from web.

This genus seems most allied to Rhacopliorus, from which, how-
ever, it differs in possessing a vertical pupil and free fingers. From
Nyctibatrachus and Hylambetcs it differs in having a rounded tongue,
and from Cassina in having dilated toes.

HELEOPHRYNE PURCELLI, gen. et sp. nov.
Plate, fig. 3, 3a.

Snout obtuse, about as long as the orbital diameter, can thus
rostralis rounded, interorbital space a little broader than upper
eyelid ; tympanum not visible ; fingers free, ending in broad, flat,
somewhat truncate triangular expansions or discs. Toes completely
webbed and discs well developed, but not quite so large as those of
the fingers and less triangular ; subarticular tubercles oval and fairly
large, inner metatarsal tubercle oval and well developed, outer
absent. The tibio-tarsal joint reaches the end of the snout if the
hind limb be carried forward ; skin smooth above, granular beneath,
especially on the belly.

Vomerine teeth in two linear groups between the choaiise, as in
Rana grayi ; maxillary teeth present ; tongue rounded behind.

Colour (in spirit) purplish with darker round, faintly white edged
spots of the same colour ; hind limbs cross-barred with darker purple
bands below yellowish white.

The type and unique specimen (No. 1313 of the Museum register)
was obtained by Dr. "W. F. Purcell in the Jonkers Hoek Valley
near Stellenbosch, and is now preserved in the Museum.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

FIG.

1. Grayia lubrica, sp. nov., from above.

la. ,, ,, side view of head.

2. Elasmodactylus namaqucnsis, sp. nov., from above.
2a. ,, hind foot from above.
26. ,, ), from below.

3. Hcleoplinjne purcclli, gen. et sp. nov.

3a. ,, ,, mouth opened to show tongue and vomerine teeth.

Ann. S Afr.Mus. Vol.1.

P'.V.

Fig .la

P J. Smit oLel . et litk .

mm

Fig.21o.
West.NewirLan- -imp

1 . Grayia. lu_bnca,. sp.rrov.

2. Elasmo clacLylijLs na.m.a,ofu.eTisis.

3. Heleoplnryne purcelli. ^en,. e-t sp

(113)

IV. Catalogue of the South African HispiiKe, (Coleoptera), with
Desertions of New Species. By L. PEKINGUEY, Assistant
Director.

GEN. LEPTISPA, Baly,
Catal. Hispid., 1858, p. 1.

Synopsis of Species.

Antennae moderately long ; prothorax with scattered punctures ;
elytra subchalybeate, fifth and sixth intervals raised at base . . . . natalensis.

Antennae shorter, punctures of prothorax very closely set, elytra
black, the series of punctures close to one another, sixth interval
only raised at base gracilis.

LEPTISPA NATALENSIS, Baly,
Catal. Hispid., 1858, p. 3.
Hab. Natal (Malvem), G. A. K. Marshall, C. N. Barker.

LEPTISPA GEACILIS, n. sp.

Totally black, glabrous, moderately shining ; antennae short, one-
half longer than the head, which is elongate and finely punctured ;
prothorax elongato-quadrate, slightly sinuate laterally from the
median to the posterior part, truncate at both ends, slightly convex
and covered with very closely set punctures ; elytra subcylindrical,
four times as long as the prothorax, deeply punctato-striate with the
intervals very fine, the sixth one rounded and raised from the
shoulder to one-fifth of the length. Length 5J mm. ; width i mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town), Dr. P. Purcell.

8

Annals of the South African Museum.

GEN. CALLISPA, Baly,

Catal. Hispid., 1858, p. 4.

CALLISPA NIGBIPES, Baly,
Catal. Hispid., 1858, p. 9.

CALLISPA NATALENSIS, Baly,
Catal. Hispid., 1858, p. 9.

Hab. Zambesia (between the Limpopo and the Zambesi Eivers),
T. Ayres.

GEN. AMBLISPA, Baly,
Catal. Hispid., 1858, p. 10.

AMBLISPA AUSTEALIS, n. sp.

Black, moderately shining, glabrous ; joints of antennae closely
set, intermediate ones of nearly equal length, the four ultimate ones
a little wider ; thorax narrowed and rounded from base to apex,
convex and covered with large but not deep irregular punctures
closely set ; elytra not broader than the base of the prothorax, con-
vex and covered with regular series of deep punctures separated by
narrow, smooth intervals.

The facies of this species is very similar to that of A. Icevigata,
Guer., but the latter is dark blue instead of black, and the seriated
punctures are much finer and shallower. Length 5^ mm. ; width
2f mm.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury), G. A. K. Marshall.

GEN. CEYPTONYCHUS, Gyllenh.,
Schonh., Syn. Ins., i. 3 ; App., 1817, p. 7.

CBYPTONYCHUS EXTEEMUS, n. sp.

Black, with the prothorax, scutellum, and elytra yellow, the
former with a very broad median longitudinal band ; joints of
antennae short, massive, gradually increasing from base to apex and
closely set ; head faintly punctulate, and having a projecting,
hollowed out, and rounded at tip process, being the continuation of
a deep median groove beginning at the neck ; this projecting process
is about one-fourth of the total length of head and neck ; prothorax
quadrate, with the anterior angles slightly rounded, nearly straight
in front but sinuate on each side of the base, with the basal angle

Catalogue of the South African Hispince. 115

sharp, central part nearly smooth, lateral one covered with irregularly
arranged, deep punctures ; elytra not broader than the prothorax,.
nearly straight, but slightly ampliate past the median part ; the
surface is covered with a series of deep round punctures, separated
by a narrow, smooth interval ; legs punctulate. . Length 10 mm. ;
width 3 mm.

Hab. Natal (Pine Town), J. P. Cregoe, (Malvern) C. N. Barker,
G. A. K. Marshall.

GEN. BALYANA, n. g.

Allied to Ccdcenomenodera, Blanch., and with a similar facies,
but differentiated by the number of antennal joints, the five ultimate
ones of which are completely fused into one not much longer than
the two preceding, and the antennae are thus only seven-jointed.

BALYANA ALGOENSIS, n. sp.

Yellow, shining, with the head, antennae, scutellum, under side,
tarsi, and legs black, but the femora and tibiaa of the anterior pair
are flavous ; antennae short, rigid, consisting of seven joints, the
apical one not much longer than the two preceding put together
and subfusiform ; anterior part of prothorax produced in front in a
long, obtuse triangle, outer sides slightly emarginate near the base,
discoidal part with three raised lines connected by two transverse
ones forming six broad impressions ; elytra subparallel, elongate,
having on each side three slightly wavy, raised lines, connected
transversely by raised folds forming an irregular reticulation with
broad and deep punctures between ; tibiee inflated inwardly, and
with a short, supra-apical tooth externally. Length 9 mm. ; width
3^ mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Eikatla), Eev. H. Junod.

GEN. ONCOCEPHALA, Chevrol.,
D'Orbigny's Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., ix., 1847.

ONCOCEPHALA PROMONTOBII, n. sp.

Brown, variegated with a pale flavescence, glabrous, moderately
shining, antennae and under side black ; head with a broad, much
raised tubercle grooved in the centre and mamillate ; prothorax sub-
rectangular, with the apical part a little narrower than the rest,
outer margins with two short teeth, the one apical, the other post-
apical, surface irregularly punctured, disk with three grooves, the

116 Annals of the South African Museum.

median one of which is edged by two blunt tubercles on each side ;
elytra subquadrate, truncate behind, broader than the prothorax by
one-third, with the shoulders sloping slightly and the outer margin
curving slightly inward, irregularly and deeply punctured except
along the outer margin, which has a regular series of very broad
punctures, discoidal part with three series of elongate, not much
raised and blunt wart-like tubercles tinged with black at apex, the
outer one of which develops in a curved carina overhanging the
shoulder ; under side totally black. Length 4 mm. ; width 2^- mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth, Kowie, Grahamstown), Natal
(Estcourt), A. E. Haviland, (Malvern) C. N. Barker.

Closely allied to 0. senegalensis, yet distinct.

GEN. PLATYPEIA, Guer. Mener.,
Eev. Zool., 1840, p. 139.

PLATYPRIA MASHUNA, n. sp.

Pale yellow, shining, antennae rufescent, with the two basal joints
black ; head black ; prothorax broader than long, faintly impressed
transversely along the base, pale yellow with four nearly always dis-
tinct black or fulvous round spots in the centre, provided on each
side with a subvertical series of six sharp spines radiating from an
alveolated process, the four median spines are long, tipped with
black, the anterior and posterior ones are very short, and the angle
of the base is also spiniform ; elytra subquadrate, very deeply and
broadly punctured, and having two discoidal series of black spines
on each side, those on the median part longer than the others, and
a marginal one the spines of which are still longer than the dorsal
ones, the four sub-humeral spines of this marginal series are ramified
at the base, and they are infuscate at the tip, the fifth one is placed
at some little distance from either those preceding or following, and
is also infuscate at the tip, while the post-median ones are quite
black ; the suture shows faint traces of spicules, and at the base of
every dorsal spine there is a rounded black patch ; under side
deeply infuscate, legs pale yellow. Length 7-7-J- mm. ; width
4-4-g- mm.

The black dorsal patches on the back are sometimes obliterated.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury), G. A. K. Marshall.

PLATYPRIA TRAXSVAALENSIS, n. sp.

In shape and length of the spicules it resembles altogether P.
masliuna, but the size is always smaller, the colour of the upper part
is testaceous, the black dorsal patches are broader in proportion to

Catalogue of the South African Hispince. 117

the size and darker, and the whole of the four sub-humeral spines,
and also the ramification from which they radiate are entirely black ;
under side and legs testaceous with the median part of the abdomen
infuscated. Length 4J- mm. ; width 3 mm.
Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg), T. Ayres.

PLATYPKIA CONNEXA, n. sp.

Testaceous brown, the two basal joints of the antennae slightly
infuscate, lateral spines of the prothorax disposed as in the two pre-
vious species, but not infuscate ; in the basal transverse depression
are two round black discoidal spots ; elytra elongato-quadrate,
deeply and broadly punctato-striate, and without any black patches;
the lateral spines are disposed as in the two preceding species, but
the spines are hardly infuscate except the posterior ones, which are
darker brown at the tip, and those on the back are disposed from
the median part to the apex in a duplicate series of three instead of
only one long discoidal one past the middle with a few scattered
spiculae below it ; under side testaceous. Length 4^ mm. ; width
3 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom), T. Ayres.

GEN. PODISPA, Chap.,
Lacordaire's Genera, vol. xi. p. 334.

PODISPA EXTREMA, n. sp.

Blue-black, shining, briefly pubescent ; antennae slightly longer
than the head and prothorax with the joints closely set and spinu-
lose, the basal one with five moderately long but conspicuous
outer spines, the second one with two shorter ones at the base ; pro-
thorax subelongate, somewhat narrowed in the anterior part, deeply
grooved longitudinally in the centre with the median part of the disk
raised on each side ; anterior margin bearing on each side of the
suture four long spines borne on one stalk, the two anterior ones of
which are directed forward, and the other two are shorter and nearly
vertical, outer margin with a bifid process (the anterior one of \vhich
bears t\vo, and the posterior one three spines), and a small vertical
spine set at a short distance from the bifid process, and quite dis-
connected with it ; elytra elongate, parallel, punctato-striate, and
having on each side four dorsal rows of sharp, not very long spines,
closely set, and a marginal one of equally long but more closely set
spines ; legs spinulose outwardly. Length 5 mm. ; width 2^- mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Prieska), Dr. F. Purcell ; Natal (Malvern),
C. N. Barker.

118 Annals of the South African Museum.

GEN. HISPELLA, Chap.,
Lacordaire's Genera, vol. xi. p. 334.

Synopsis of Species.

Elytra bronze, shining, spines moderately long spuria.

Elytra blue-black, moderately shining, spines short promontorii.

HISPELLA SPUKIA, n. sp.

Black, nearly glabrous, elytra with a bright bronze sheen ; antennae
hardly longer than the head and prothorax, joints closely set, the
basal one with a long, setiforni spine on the outward apical part,
third joint as long as the first, but not quite so broad ; prothorax
longer than broad, attenuate in front, deeply grooved in the centre
with the discoidal part raised on each side, anterior margin with
long, divaricating spines, one on each side of the median groove,
outer margin with three long spines, the two anterior ones springing
from one stalk ; elytra linear, one-third wider than the prothorax,
deeply seriato-foveolate and having on each side three dorsal rows of
moderately long spines and a marginal one of similar but more closely
set spines. Length 5 mm. ; width 2f mm.

Hob. Natal (Malvern), C. N. Barker; Estcourt, A. E. Haviland;
Transvaal (Potchefstroom), T. Ayres.

HISPELLA PROMONTORII, n. sp.

Very closely allied to the preceding species but one-third smaller ;
the colour is bluish black instead of bronze, the spines of the anterior
margin and also those of the elytra are much shorter in proportion,
and also more closely set ; the basal spine of the first joint of
antennae is longer, and the third joint is shorter. Length 4 mm. ;
width 2-2! mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch).

GEN. HISPA, Linn.,
Syst. Nat., ed. xii., 1767, p. 603.

Synopsis of Species.
FIRST DIVISION.

MEDIAN PART OF ANTERIOR MARGIN OP PROTHORAX SPINOSE,
LATERAL MARGINS WITH THREE SEPARATE SPINES.

A 4 . ANTERIOR MARGIN OP PROTHORAX WITH TWO PERPENDICULAR

SPINES HAVING A SHARP, SPINIFORM PROCESS NEAR THE BASE.

Black, glabrous shining, third joint of antennse as long as the
three following sobrina.

Catalogue of tlic South African Hispince. 119

AV- ANTERIOR MARGIN OF PROTHORAX WITH FOUR MEDIAN

THE TWO ANTEEIOR ONES HORIZONTAL, THE POSTERIOR ONES
SPINES, VERTICAL AND SHORTER THAN THE ANTERIOR ; BODY
BLACK.

b-. Body slender ; elytra one-third broader than the prothorax.

c 2 . Black, opaque, nearly glabrous ; elytra costulate capicola.

c 1 . Black, opaque, pubescent ; elytra not costulate gracilis.

b 1 . Body not very slender.

c-. Sub-senescent ; spines on the elytra long, not closely set . . tcnella.

c 1 . Black : spines on the elytra closely set zulu.

A 2 . ANTERIOR MARGIN OF PROTHORAX WITH TWO BIFID, PERPEN-
DICULAR SPINES, THE ANTERIOR PROCESS OF WHICH IS SHORTER
THA^T THE POSTERIOR ; BODY BROWN OR FLAVESCENT ; ELYTRA
NEARLY TWICE AS BROAD AS THE THORAX.

b". Antennae long.

c 2 . The two basal joints infuscate or black.

d~. The four penultimate joints of antennas sub-inoniliform ;
prothorax with a denuded areolet on each side ; elytra sub-aeneous congrua.

d 1 . The four penultimate joints of antennae elongate ; prothorax
without any areolet ; elytra not sub-aeneous dissimilis.

c 1 . The two basal joints of antennae not infuscate.

rfs. Antennae slender ; elytra with bronzed patches, spines entirely
black gratula.

d". Antennae slender ; elytra flavescent, spines black at tip . . . . pubicollis.

d 1 . Antennae thick ; elytra flavous, dorsal spines black . . . . inanis.
b 1 . Antennae short.

c 2 . Elytra with three series of short spines perfida.

c 1 . Elytra with four series of short spines ambigua.

A 1 . ANTERIOR MARGIN OF PROTHORAX WITH TWO BIFID PERPEN-
DICULAR SPINES, LATERAL MARGINS WITH THREE SEPARATE
SPINES, THE ANTERIOR OF WHICH IS BIFID, AND THE MEDIAN

ONE TRIFID litigwsa.

120 Annals of the South African Museum.

SECOND DIVISION.

ANTERIOR MARGIN OF PROTHORAX NOT SPINOSE, LATERAL MARGINS

WITH SPINES.

A 2 . LATERAL MARGINS WITH A SHORT STALK SUPPORTING FOUR

VERTICAL SPINES AND A DETACHED SPINE BEHIND THE STALK,
AND NOT CONNECTED WITH IT ; ELYTRA BLACK OR BRONZE.

\

b-. Antennae long and very slender ; elytra with two dorsal rows
of long spines natahca.

b 1 . Antennae long and slender ; elytra with three dorsal rows of
long spines vexatmx.

c-. Antennae moderately long but not slender ; elytra with three
dorsal rows of short spines torulosa.

c 1 . Antennae moderately long but not slender ; elytra with four
dorsal rows of short spines ovampoa.

A 1 . LATERAL MARGINS WITH A SHORT STALK SUPPORTING FIVE OR

SIX SPINES OR MORE, NO DETACHED SPINE BEHIND THE STALK.

fcs. Lateral process consisting of six sub-vertical spines, the
posterior one of which is bifid.

c 3 . The five or six basal joints of antennas black ; elytra with three
rows of dorsal spines vicinalis.

c-. Basal joints of antennae not black ; elytra with five rows of
dorsal spines oniarramba,

c'. All the joints of antennae of nearly the same width and
length; elytra with three rows of dorsal spines perplexa.

6 4 . Lateral process, consisting of six sub-horizontal spines, the
posterior of which is bifid.

c 2 . Antennae short, massive.

d*. Elytra straw colour, spines on elytra black straminea.

c 1 . Antennae long, slender.

*. Elytra black decipiens.

d 2 . Elytra reddish brown capcnsis.

d'. Elytra dark brown on the dorsal part, with the lateral and
posterior margins flavescent delicata.

fr. Lateral process consisting of five sub-vertical spines, the
posterior of which is bifid.

Antennae long, slender ; elytra flavous with inf uscate spines . . eximia.

Catalogue of the South African Hispincz. 121

Antennae with the sis basal joints very short and nodose, the
other five thick and longer than the six basal ones ; elytra
rufescent fallaciosa.

b 2 . Lateral process consisting of five vertical spines, the posterior
one of which is not bifid.

Body covered with a dense, silky, yellow pubescence lanigera.

b 1 . Lateral process consisting of nine horizontal spines, the
posterior one of which is bifid ramulosa.

HlSPA SOBRINA, 11. sp.

Black, glabrous, very shiny ; antennas long, not slender, the seven
ultimate joints not moniliform, third one as long as the three
following, the five ultimate ones sericeous ; thorax very rugosely
alveolate, and without any denuded space, but with a slight depres-
sion in the middle of the anterior part ; elytra elongate, twice as
broad as the prothorax, deeply seriato-foveate, with the foveae shining,
and having 011 each side two series of stout, not closely set, short
spines, with two stout spines between the first and second dorsal
rows, one at about the middle the other at the apex, marginal row
consisting of moderately closely set spines a little more slender than
the dorsal ones. Length 5^- mm. ; width 2J mm.

Allied to H. spinulosa, from the West Coast of Africa, but at once
distinguished by the more massive antennae and the shape of the
spines in the anterior margin of the prothorax, which are strongly
bifid in H. spinulosa, whereas in H. sobrina the anterior part of the
process is quite minute.

Hab. Natal (Malvern), G. A. K. Marshall.

HISPA CAPICOLA, n. sp.

Linear ; black, opaque, nearly glabrous ; antennae moderately
slender, basal joint very thick, the five following narrow, third one a
little longer than the fourth, the five ultimate ones moderately
thickened and pubescent ; discoidal raised parts of the thorax
smooth and very distinct ; elytra deeply foveate, and with three
dorsal series of short spines on each side, and a marginal one,
the spines of which are not longer than the dorsal ones ; the first
interval along the suture has a slightly raised, somewhat spinose
line, the spines of which are more developed in the posterior part.
Length 4-1 5|- mm. ; width 2-2J mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Worcester).

122 Annals of the South African Museum.

HlSPA GBACILIS, n. Sp.

Linear ; black, opaque, and covered with a very brief, silky white
pubescence; antennae moderately long, basal joint very thick,
angular outwardly, third joint hardly longer than the fourth, the
four penultimate ones thickened, submoniliform and sericeous,
apical joint also sericeous ; raised discoidal patches of the prothorax
not very prominent and partly hidden by a very short pubescence ;
elytra punctate and having on each side three dorsal series of short,
closely set spines, the intervals of which are spinose in the posterior
part, and a marginal one consisting of short, closely set spines not
longer than the dorsal.

Allied to the preceding species, but still narrower, and pubescent
instead of being nearly glabrous. Length 4i- mm. ; width 2 mm.

Hab. Natal (Estcourt), A. E. Haviland ; Zambesia (Salisbury),
G. A. K. Marshall.

The examples from Salisbury are more densely pubescent than
those from Estcourt.

HlSPA TENELLA, n. Sp.

Black, sparsely pubescent on the thorax ; antennas long, first and
second joints thick, the basal one longer thaii the second by half,
third to sixth inclusive slender and of equal length, seventh to
eleventh thickened and pubescent, the three penultimate ones sub-
moniliform ; thorax without any sphgerical raised patches, but with
the dicoidal part denuded longitudinally ; elytra one-third broader than
the thorax, covered with a series of moderately broad punctures and
having three dorsal and one marginal series of moderately long
spines set at some distance from one another. Length 3 mm.

Hab. Zululand (Eshowe).

HISPA ZULU, n. sp.

Black, glabrous ; antennas moderately long, first joint thick,
second one half the length and width of the preceding one, third
to sixth inclusive, slender and of equal length, seventh to eleventh
thickened, very closely set and pubescent ; thorax with two raised
but not very distinct discoidal spaces, anterior and lateral spines
closely set and long ; elytra one-third broader than the thorax,
deeply punctured and having on each side three dorsal series of
closely set short spines and a marginal one, the spines of which are
closely set, as long as the dorsal, but more slender. Length 3-1- mm. ;
width li mm.

Hab. Zululand (Eshowe).

Catalogue of the South African Hispince. 123

HlSPA CONGKUA, n. sp.

Light brown, with a slight bronze tinge, spines black, legs flavous ;
antennae flavescent, with the two, and sometimes the three basal
joints infuscate, first joint moderately long, more than twice as
long as the second one, third to sixth moderately slender, third one-
third longer than the fourth, the five ultimate ones twice as thick
as the intermediate, pubescent, the three penultimate ones not
much longer than broad ; thorax pubescent, narrowly grooved longi-
tudinally in the centre and with a small denuded areolet on each
side ; elytra nearly twice as broad as the prothorax, glabrous and
having on each side three dorsal rows of moderately long spines,
and a few short spines along the suture ; the spines of the outer
margin are not closely set and are nearly as long as the dorsal ones.
Length 4 mm.

Hab. Natal (Durban), C. N. Barker.

HISPA DISSIMILIS, n. sp.

Light brown, without any bronze tinge ; antennae long, flavescent
with the two basal joints black or deeply infuscate, third joint one-
third as long as the fourth, the last five joints one-fourth thicker
than the intermediate ones which are slender and pubescent ;
thorax pubescent, grooved longitudinally in the middle and with an
impression on each side of the groove, spines light brown ; elytra
light reddish brown with the spines black and an Eeneous dark patch
at their base, twice as broad as the thorax, foveate, and with three
dorsal series, and a marginal one on each side, of long, dark brown
spines distant from one another ; legs flavescent.

Allied to the preceding species and mainly distinguished, apart
from the colour, by the more elongated intermediate joints of the
antennae, the penultimate joints are also less submoniliform.
Length 4f-5 mm. ; width 2f 3 mm.

Hab. Natal (Malvern), C. N. Barker ; (Port Shepstone), G. A. K.
Marshall; (Frere), A. E. Haviland.

HISPA GEATULA, n. sp.

Light bronze, with a flavescent tinge ; antennae flavescent, very
long and very slender, the two basal joints light brown, third joint
one-third longer than the fourth, the five ultimate sericeous, elon-
gate, the two penultimate ones sub-moniliform ; prothorax and spines
sub-flavescent, briefly pubescent, very faintly grooved longitudinally
in the middle, and having on each side a diagonal, narrow,
denuded, elongated patch, elytra foveolate, clothed with a very
brief, scattered pubescence, and having two dorsal series of

X

x

124 Annals of tJte South African Hispina.

moderately long dark spines, set at some distance from one another
with two shorter spines on the posterior part, between the first and
second rows ; the suture is also spinulose, and the spines of the
marginal row are more closely set than the dorsal but of equal
size ; legs flavescent. Length 4 mni. ; width 2 mm.
Hab. Natal (Malvern), G. A. K. Marshall.

HISPA PUBICOLLIS, Chap.,
Ann. d. Belg., 1877, p. 55.

HISPA INANIS, n. sp.

Flavous, with the dorsal spines of the elytra and the space edging
the diagonal smooth spaces of the prothorax infuscate ; antennee
long but not slender, third joint longer than the fourth, and the five
ultimate ones thicker than the intermediate ones ; thorax very
nearly glabrous, faintly grooved longitudinally in the middle, and
having on each side a long, arcuate, smooth space ; elytra nearly
twice as broad as the prothorax, foveolate, glabrous, and having on
each side two series of distant, moderately long spines, with two
isolated ones in the second interval and two set close to one another
between the second row and the outer margin in the posterior part,
spines of the outer margin long and closely set. Length 4^ rnm. ;
width 21- mm.

Hab. Natal (Malvern), G. A. K. Marshall.

HISPA PERFIDA, n. sp.

Bronze, with a reddish brown tinge ; antennae short, thick, the
four basal joints black or dark fuscous, all the joints with the
exception of the third one, which is a little longer, nearly one-third
longer than wide, and closely set ; prothorax with a few squamiform
hairs, narrowly grooved longitudinally in the centre, and having on
each side of the groove a round, conspicuous, raised, denuded
space ; elytra glabrous, foveolate, twice as broad as the prothorax,
and having three rows on each side of short, black spines, very
thick at base and closely set, spines of marginal row more slender
than the dorsal ones, but of equal length ; legs reddish brown.
Length 4451- mm. ; width 2-1 3 mm.

Hab. Natal (Malvern), G. A. K. Marshall, C. N. Barker.

HlSPA AMBIGUA, 11. Sp.

Buff colour, but occasionally iufuscate ; antennee short, joints
thick, closely set, third one nearly twice as long as the fourth, the
five ultimate joints one-fourth thicker than the intermediate ones,

X

Catalogue of the South African Hispincs. 125

sericeous and flavescent ; thorax briefly pubescent, and provided
with a fine longitudinal median line and a round raised space on
each side, partly hidden by the pubescence ; elytra light brown
but sometimes infuscate, deeply seriate-punctate, very briefly and
sparsely pubescent, and having on each side four dorsal rows of
very short spines, the spines of the marginal row are black, closely
set, moderately long, but longer than those in the dorsal series where
there are minute ones alternating with the longer ones ; legs light
brown. Length 3-3^ mm. ; width li li mm.

Chiefly distinguished from H. ambigua by the smaller size and
little more slender facies, the less developed raised discoidal spaces ;
the series of spines on the dorsal part of the elytra are denser, and
four in number instead of three.

Hab. Transvaal (Klerksdorp), E. G. Alston.

HlSPA LITIGIOSA, n. sp.

Flavous, glabrous, with the six basal joints of antennae, two
discoidal patches on the prothorax, two on the scutellum, and the
dorsal spines on the elytra black ; antennae long, moderately slender,
with the five apical joints not much thicker than the intermediate
ones, third and fourth joints of nearly equal size ; prothorax closely
punctured and with a sparse, squamiform pubescence, discoidal part
without any raised space, but having instead two moderately broad,
longitudinal black patches ; elytra foveolate and having two dorsal
rows of long, sharp spines distant from one another, and two or
three spines in the intervals in the posterior part ; spines of
marginal row more slender than the dorsal and also more closely set,
scutellum with two fuscous patches, one on each side of the base ;
legs straw colour. Length 4^ 5jmm. ; width 2| 2^ mm.

Hab. Natal (Malvern), G. A. K. Marshall; Zululand (Eshowe),
A. Windham.

Two species belonging to this first division have been described
by Chapuis, but I have not as yet met with them.

HlSPA MAMILLATA, Chap.,

Ann. d. Belg., 1877, p. 56.

HISPA TENUICORNIS, Chap.
Ann. a. Belg., 1877, p. 56.

HISPA NATALICA, n. sp.

Black, very shining, glabrous ; antennae long, slender, the five
ultimate joints thickened, elongate, clothed with a flavescent, short

126 Annals of tlie South African Museum.

pubescence, while the others are nearly glabrous, the third joint is a
little longer than the fourth ; prothorax nearly smooth, faintly im-
pressed in the centre, the impression smooth ; elytra deeply seriato-
punctate, and having on each side two rows only of dorsal spines far
distant from one another and a marginal one of equal length, but
more closely set ; the hind spine on the lateral margin of the
prothorax is much shorter than those on the stalk. Length 5 mm. ;
width 2i mm.

Hal. Natal (Maritzburg).

HlSPA VEXATRIX, 11. Sp.

Black, with a faint bluish tinge, shining, glabrous ; closely allied
to the preceding species, the description of which applies also to the
present one ; it is, however, differentiated by the number of dorsal
series of spines on the elytra, which is three instead of two, and the
lateral spine of the margin of the prothorax is longer than the
spines on the stalk instead of being much shorter. Length 5 mm. ;
width 2^- mm.

Hab. Natal (Eshowe).

HISPA TOKULOSA, Chap.,
Ann. d. Belg., 1877, p. 52.
Hah. Transvaal (Potchefstroom), Zambesia (Salisbury).

HISPA OVAMPOA, n. sp.

Dark brown, with a bronze tinge, very shining, glabrous ; antennae
moderately long and thick, third joint short, but twice the length of
the fourth, the three following of equal size, the five ultimate ones
thickened, short, closely set, and sericeous; prothorax deeply and
closely punctured and having on each side a smooth space next
to the spinose stalk and the posterior spine, and a longitudinal
median line ; the hind spine is much shorter than those on the
stalk ; elytra having on each side four dorsal rows of short spines
set somewhat closely, and a marginal one of similar spines. Length
5 mm. ; width 2 mm.

Hab. Ovampoland (Ornarramba), A. W. Eriksson.

HISPA VICINALIS, 11. sp.

Eeddish brown, covered with a long pubescence ; antennae mode-
rately long, with the six basal joints moderately slender and the five
ultimate ones nearly twice as thick, and the four penultimate ones
subnioniliform ; the four basal joints and sometimes the fourth and

Catalogue of the South African Hispince. 127

sixth are black or infuscate, and the others flavescent ; prothorax
densely pubescent and with a narrow, denuded longitudinal band ;
elytra seriato-punctate, clothed with a long but not dense pubescence,
and having on each side three dorsal rows of long, not closely set
dark spines and a marginal one, the spines of which are as long
as the dorsal, but more closely set ; legs reddish brown, pubescent.
Length 3-3J mm. ; width 2 mm.

Hob. Natal (Yerulam), G. A. K. Marshall, (Malvern), C. N.
Barker; Transvaal (Leydenburg), T. Ayres ; Zambesia (Salisbury),
G. A. K. Marshall.

HlSPA OMAKRAMBA, 11. Sp.

Chestnut-red, clothed with a dense, flavescent pubescence ; basal
joints of the antennae chestnut-brown, second to sixth, inclusive,
closely set, the five apical ones thickened, seventh nearly twice as
long as the eighth ; prothorax similar to that of the .two preceding
species, but the pubescence is more conspicuous ; elytra seriato-
punctate and having five dorsal rows of long, sharp spines more
closely set in the posterior than in the anterior part, spines of the
intermediate rows not quite so numerous as in the second and third,
except behind, spines of the marginal row long and closely set.

This species differs from the two preceding ones by the thicker
and more yellow pubescence, and also by the intervals between
the suture, and the dorsal series of spines being spinose. Length
4 mm. ; width 2^ mm.

Hab. Ovampoland (Omarramba), Eriksson.

HlSPA PEKPLEXA, 11. Sp.

Light chestnut-red, clothed with a long, dense, whitish pubescence;
antennae moderately short, with the joints closely set and of nearly
equal length with the exception of the basal one, the third is not
much longer than the fourth, which is of nearly the same size as
the second, all the basal and intermediate joints are clothed with
short, dense greyish hairs, the five ultimate ones are sericeous ;
thorax with a narrow, longitudinal denuded space in the centre, all
the rest partially hidden by the decumbent pubescence ; scutellum
entirely hidden by the pubescence ; elytra foveolate and with three
dorsal rows of spines set far apart, the marginal row consists of
spines as long as the dorsal ones, but closely set ; the intervals
between the spines on the outer margins of the prothorax are
setulose. Length 5^-5^ rnm. ; width 3 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg), T. Ayres ; Zambesia (Middle
Limpopo, Victoria Falls), Dr. Bradshaw.

128 Annals of the South African Museum.

HlSPA STEAMINEA, n. Sp.

Light straw colour, glabrous, shining, spines of the prothorax
infuscate for half the length, those of the elytra black nearly to the
base ; antennae moderately short and massive, with the joints closely
set, the five apical ones thickened and about one-third wider than
the two preceding ones, third a little longer than the fourth ; pro-
thorax deeply punctate ; elytra deeply and closely foveolate and
having on each side three series of long and slender spines, the
suture spinulose, spines of the outer margin as long as the dorsal
ones and more closely set ; spines of the prothorax very long and
sub-horizontal. Length 4 mm. ; width 2^ mm.

Hob. Cape Colony. Exact locality unknown.

HISPA CAPENSIS, Thunb.,
Nov. Ins. spec, iii., p. 66, fig. 76.
Hub. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth).

HISPA DECIPIENS, n. sp.

Black, shining, glabrous on the elytra, but with the prothorax
clothed with a very short, squamiforrn pubescence ; antennas long,
intermediate joints narrow and of nearly equal length, the five
ultimate joints much thickened, the three penultimate ones monili-
forrn, the apical one a little wider at base than the preceding one ;
spines of the lateral process of the prothorax very long and sub-
horizontal, discoidal part with a very narrow longitudinal groove ;
elytra deeply foveate and having on each side four series of long,
slender spines, and a marginal one of equally long but more closely
set ones. Length 4 mm. ; width 2J mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (? Worcester).

HISPA DELICATA, n. sp.

Black or very deeply infuscate on the upper side, posterior and
lateral margins of elytra sub-flavescent, antennas and legs also
flavescent, dorsal spines on the elytra dark, those on the lateral
margins and on the prothorax flavescent but darker at tip ; antennas
very long, the four intermediate joints very slender, third, fourth,
and fifth of nearly equal length, the five ultimate ones thickened and
about twice as long as broad ; prothorax very nearly glabrous, spines
of the lateral process very long, slender and horizontal ; elytra
deeply seriato-punctate and having on each side three dorsal rows of
very long and slender spines not closely set, and a marginal one of
still longer spines closely set. Length 3^- mm. ; width 14 rnm.

Hab. Natal (Verularn), G. A. K. Marshall.

( '/ilii/oi/H/' i >f lite Snu.tli African Hispince. 129

UlSPA EXIMIA, 11. Sp.

Flavous, covered with a dense fiavescent pubescence ; antennae
moderately long and moderately slender, third joint not much longer
than the fourth, but shorter than the seventh ; the two basal joints
are infuscate ; prothorax with two small, round impressions with a
fuscous tinge on each side of the disk, the lateral process of five
vertical spines, the hind one of which is bifid, lamiginose ; elytra
deeply seriato-foveate and having on each side three rows of not
closely set sharp spines and a marginal one of longer and more
closely set ones ; the spines on the elytra are infuscate to a very
short distance from the base, while those on the prothorax are
infuscate at apex only. Length 6 mm. ; width 3 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom), T. Ayres.

HlSPA FALLACIOSA, 11. sp.

Brownish red, shining, densely pubescent ; antennae moderately
long and thick, joints fifth to sixth very short, nodulose, third not
much longer than the second, seventh nearly as long as the four
preceding and much thicker, the four apical ones thickened and
elongate ; prothorax with two small, fuscous, round impressions on
each side of the disk, the lateral spinous process not lanuginose or
pubescent ; elytra with three dorsal series of moderately long, dark
spines set at some distance from one another, but of equal length,
those of the marginal row a little longer than the dorsal ones and
more closely set. Length 4^ mm. ; width 2^ mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Eikatla), Eev. J. Tunod.

This species is easily recognised through the nodose shape of the
intermediate antennal joints.

HlSPA LANIGKKA, 11. sp.

Flavous, clothed with an extremely dense golden pubescence with
a silky tinge hiding entirely the integuments, and looking like felt ;
antennae moderately short, joints closely set, the five ultimate ones
thickened ; prothorax with a central longitudinal line, stalk of the
lateral process thick, the spines infuscate at tip ; elytra punctato-
striate, but with the punctures hidden by the pubescence, and
having 011 each side three rows of short, black spines just emerging
from the pubescence and set at some distance from one another ;
spines of the outer margin a little longer than the dorsal and miore
closely set. Length 4 mm. ; width 2 mm.

Hab. Namaqualand (O'Kiep), L. Peringuey.

9

130 Annals of the South African Museum.

HlSPA RAMULOSA, Chap.,

Ann. d. Belg., 1877, p. 53.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Worcester, Clan-
william).

GEN. THOBACISPA, Chap.,
Lacordaire's Genera, vol. xi., p. 335.

THORACISPA DREGEI, Chap.,
Ann. d. Belg., 1877, p. 50.

/

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town). Very rare.

ANNALS

OF THE

SOUTH AFKICAN MUSEUM

PAET II.

V. On the Species of Opisthophthalmus in the Collection of the
South African Museum, with Descriptions of some Nciu Forms.
By W. P. PURCELL, Ph.D., First Assistant.

IN my previous paper (' Descriptions of New South African
Scorpions,' p. 1 of this volume) the new species of Opisthophthalmus,
then in the collection of the South African Museum, were described
and partly figured. The treatment of the genus is brought to a
conclusion in the present article, the principal object of which is to
record the localities and local peculiarities of the specimens of
Opisthophthalmus in our collection. The number of these specimens
is very large, and as most of them have been captured within the
last few years, I can vouch for the accuracy of the localities in
nearly every case. I append descriptions of three new forms,
received since the previous. paper went to press; also descriptions
of the adult females of schlechteri, Pure., and chapcri, Sim., and of
the adult male of latimanus, Koch, none of which have yet been
published. In conclusion, the synopsis of all the species known to
me, begun in the last paper, is brought to completion.

The South African Museum collection now comprises twenty-five
species of Opisthophthalmus, of which twenty-one are represented by
the adults of both sexes, three by one sex only, and one by a young
specimen. There remain, at most, three described South African
species, which are not yet represented in the collection.

Sexual Characters and Aye. The determination of the sex and
age (i.e., whether adult or young) is of first importance in ascertain-

10

132 Annals of the South African Museum.

ing the specific name. I have already pointed out in a previous
paper (p. 1 of this volume) that the sexes maybe readily distinguished
by the structure of the operculum, a character which holds good for
even fairly young specimens and is the only perfectly reliable
one.

The structure of the pectines invariably differs with the sex. In
the female the scape is always free of teeth for a certain distance at
the base behind, while in the male it is either toothed along the
whole length of the hind margin or it is also without teeth at the
base; in the latter case, however, this toothless portion always
represents a smaller proportion of the whole length than in the
female of the same species. The limit to the number of teeth is also
always highest in the male and lowest in the female. Pectinal
characters do not alter with age.

As regards other characters, the two sexes are very much alike up
to the time when the last moult takes place ; in the nearly full-grown
males, however, some of the characteristic granulation of the adult
may appear, while the hand is generally a little narrower than in the
female of the corresponding stage. In these pre-adult stages the
hands are often much darker in colour and more granular than in
the adults in both sexes.

In the adult female the hands are wider in proportion to the
length of the hand back than is the case in the previous stage ; but
it must be remembered that in adult specimens from one locality
this proportion may be the same as that found in nearly adult
specimens from another locality (e.g., in wahlbergi). The adult male
is generally easily recognisable by the characteristic form of the
hands and tail. After the last moult the hands appear narrower,
natter, and often longer and smoother than in the female, while the
tail becomes much longer and nearly always stouter. Generally the
first and second caudal segments together equal the carapace in
length (in the female the length of carapace generally much exceeds
that of the first two caudal segments). In the adult male the terga,
sterna, and under side of the anterior caudal segments are often
much more granular and the palps much longer than in the female or
young males, while the anterior upper crest of the humerus is
undeveloped in the females of some species.

Specific Characters. As the species of this genus are both
numerous and very variable, I have thought it advisable to
discuss the relative value of the characters available for classifica-
tion.

1. The presence of a well-developed, Y-shaped, forked groove on

Species of Opisthoplitlialmus. 133

the anterior part of the carapace appears to rue to be an excellent
specific character. In some species, however (e.g., fossor), in which
it is usually absent, the fork may sometimes appear in a partially
developed form.

2. A very important specific character is the general shape of the
hand in both sexes with regard to (i) the proportions of the width of
the hand to the length of the hand-back, and (ii) the convexity and,
to a lesser extent, the granulation of the upper surface. Although
the proportions may vary in specimens from different localities (e.g.,
( ivahlbergi and karrooensis), the variation appears never to be
very great. The length of the movable finger, on the contrary,
varies too much to be of specific value.

3. The two secondary keels on the inner part :|: of the upper
surface of the hand are constantly present in some species, e.g.,
fossor, macer, and constantly absent in others, e.g., chapcri, and
here form good specific characters. In others again, e.g., latimamis
( calviis), these keels may be quite absent or well developed, even
in one and the same specimen.

4. The finger-keel and the superior crest of the brachium is
subject to variation in many species ; in others, however, notably in
the capensis-granifrons group, the condition of the finger-keel is of
specific importance.

5. A strong granulation on the mesial part of the ventral surface of
the abdominal segments is of considerable specific value. If, however,
this granulation be extremely fine or weak, although constantly
present in specimens from one locality, it may entirely disappear or
be replaced by a striated or wrinkled surface in a series of specimens
of the same species from another locality, e.g., in karrooensis. The
granulation on the lateral parts of the last abdominal sternite is very
variable and of no specific value.

6. The presence or absence of a coarse granulation on the sides
of the carapace bordering the interocular area forms, as far as my
observations go, an excellent specific character. The granulation of
the interocular area itself is, however, rarely of importance, being
subject to great variation.

7. As regards the position of the median eyes, such great varia-
tions have been noticed in some species, e.g., in gigas and glabrifrons,
that I have doubts as to the value of this character.

8. With regard to the granulation of the crests of the cauda it
may be stated that, if the granulation be weak, it may be expected

* The upper surface of the hand is divided by the finger-keel into an outer
and an inner part.

134 Annals of the South African Museum.

to vary either to a strong granulation or to vanish altogether in local
varieties of the same species.

9. With regard to the granulation on the other parts of the body,
it may be remarked that that on the intercarinal spaces of the tail
(excepting on the under side of the anterior segments), on the terga,
on the legs, and on the surfaces of the humerus and brachium of the
palps, is of little or no specific value. (Exception must be made,
however, of the posterior surface of the brachium in some species,
e.g., the capensis-granifrons group.)

10. The extent to which the posterior edge of the scape of the
pectine is toothless at the base is of specific value, as it does not
seem to vary much. The number of pectinal teeth, however, can
scarcely be considered of specific importance, being one of the first
characters to change in local varieties.

11. The coloration is, of course, not in itself of specific im-
portance, although differences in colour, especially of the legs,
often accompany other good characters (e.g., in the fossor-chaperi
group).

12. The structure of the spiracles I found to vary so much, that
I now consider them of no value, although at first I was inclined to
attach some importance to them (e.g., in fuscipes).

13. The length of the superior terminal lobe of the tarsi of the legs
is not of specific importance, although often useful in conjunction
with other characters. In many cases, where a large series of
specimens has been examined, the lobe although normally long (or
short) occasionally appears short (or long, as the case may be) in a
few specimens.

14. Similarly the number of external spines on the under side and
on the terminal lobe of the posterior tarsus, although often useful, is
subject to variation in a small percentage of specimens in a large
series.

15. I have examined a large number of specimens in order to
ascertain the specific value, if any, of the so-called stridulating organ,
recently described by Pocock (Nat. Sci., ix., p. 17, 1896) and com-
posed of 1 to 6 or 7 spathulate or obovate lamellae (modified hairs)
attached to the inner surface of the basal joint of each mandible. I
found this organ completely absent in all our specimens of pallidipes,
gigcis, longicauda, schlechteri, and ater, while Pocock found them
absent in wahlbergi. In all the type-specimens of peringueyi and
crassimanus the organ is also absent. In a specimen from the
Cedarberg Eange, however, differing in no other respect from the
typical peringueyi, excepting slightly in colour, I found four well-

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 135

developed lamellae on each mandible, while among the numerous
specimens of crassimanus, which I have grouped together as var. fi,
1-3 lamellae are often present ; so, for example, in 22 specimens
from Eooibank lamellae were present at least on one mandible in 15
and absent in 7, while in 21 specimens from Hournoed they were
present in 12 and absent in 9. In glabrifrons the lamellae were
found in the specimens from Mashunaland, but were absent in all
specimens from the Transvaal. In granicauda 1-2, and in kar-
rooensis and carinatus 3-6 lamellae were present in all the specimens
in the Museum. I have also found the organ in all the remaining
species of the genus with the exception of laticauda (which, being
dry, I have not examined). As I have not, however, examined all
the specimens in the collection I cannot state whether the organ is
invariably present in these latter.

The fact that these lamellae may be constantly absent from all
specimens of some species from one locality and yet appear in some
of the specimens of the same species from another locality tends
to show that no specific value can be attached to the presence or
absence of this organ. Of course there may be, and probably are,
species in which the organ is constantly present and others in which
it is constantly absent, and in such cases it may be of some service,
e.g., in a synopsis.

Habits. Nearly all the species of this genus construct deep
burrows in the earth, in which they remain during the day. These
burrows are all formed after the same plan. They enter the ground
generally at an incline not exceeding half a right angle, proceed for
about 6-10 inches in the same plane in a straight or winding
direction, and then suddenly dip down and descend, often with much
winding, to nearly a foot below the surface. These burrows may
always be easily recognised by their depth in conjunction with the
shape of the entrance, which resembles in outline the space
between the eyelids of an open human eye.

Two species, karrooensis and pallidipcs, do not appear to con-
struct deep burrows at all, but live in shallow excavations under
stones. Both these scorpions are remarkable for the long and
slender hands of the adult male. I do not know the habits of the
allied species with similar hands, viz., peringueyi, gigas, and
longicauda.

Distribution. The genus Opistlioplitlialmus is very characteristic
of the Cape Fauna. All the species whose localities are known, with
the exception of two, have been recorded from the Cape Colony, in
which there appears to be scarcely a part not inhabited by some

136 Annals of the SoutJi African Museum.

representative of the genus. They often occur in great abundance,
but generally only one species inhabits a particular locality. A few
exceptions to this rule have come under my notice. For instance, at
Eabiesberg, in the Langeberg Bange, Worcester Division, macer
and cliapcri occur in equal abundance on the same spot. There
are other apparent cases of several species occurring at the same
locality, e.g., at Ashton cliaperi and karrooensis are very common,
but here I found the latter confined to the stony " karroo-koppies "
(hillocks) and the former to the lower-lying ground. Bushmanland,
however, appears to form a notable exception to the rule, as Mr.
Max Schlechter found two or more species of the genus at most of
the localities he touched at in that country.

The range of some of the species is very large, e.g., of carinatus,
(jlalirifrons, and macer. Many, however, have a very limited range,
being often confined to a few Divisions. By far the larger number
inhabit the western half of Cape Colony between the south coast and
the Orange Eiver, within which region doubtless a number of forms
still remain to be discovered.

A striking feature of the species of this genus is their proneness to
form local races or varieties, showing peculiarities of either color-
ation, size, armature of the tarsi, number of pectinal teeth, length
of fingers of hands, granulation of the sterna and interocular area,
form of spiracles, &c. On the other hand, all specimens from one
and the same locality are nearly always similar amongst themselves
as regards these characters.

It may be stated as a general rule that the species in which the
median groove of the carapace is forked anteriorly are characteristic
of the districts bordering on or near to the west coast of the Cape
Colony, viz., Cape, Stellenbosch, Paarl, Malmesbury, Tulbagh
(south-western part), Piquetberg, Clanwilliam, Calvinia (at least the
western part), Van Ehynsdorp, and Namaqualand (exclusive of
Great Bushmanland), while those species in which the groove is
not forked occupy the territory lying to the east and north of the
coast belt above mentioned, and extending as far west as the
Divisions of Stellenbosch (southern part), Caledon, Worcester, Tul-
bagh (exclusive of the south-western part), Ceres, Sutherland, Fraser-
berg(?), Kenhardt, Great Bushmanland, and German South- West
Africa. Besides carinatus, which occurs in Bushmanland, German
South-West Africa, and Ehodesia, pictus is the only notable excep-
tion to the above rule, the latter being the only species with a forked
groove found in the Eepublics or in the eastern parts of the Cape
Colony. It is recorded from Port Elizabeth and the Orange Free

es of Opisthophthalmus. 137

State, and is apparently quite separated geographically from any
other species of the section. In the Cedarberg Range in Clamvilliam
one species without the forked groove is found, while Little Bush-
manland harbours representatives of both sections.

I shall first consider the region occupied by the species provided
with a forked groove.

Starting from the south-west and proceeding northwards, we meet
in succession with four closely related forms, viz., capensis (Cape
Town and neighbourhood), var. fuscipcs (Paarl and south-western part
of Tulbagh), Icipoldti (Clanwilliam), and granifrons (highlands of Van
Ehynsdorp and Namaqualand). Characteristic of these four forms
is the coarse granulation on the ventral surface of several posterior
abdominal segments in the adult male and of the last segment in the
female. This granulation is always present in the mesial part of the
segment, even if absent from the sides. Related to granifrons but
differing chiefly in the smoothness of the sterna (except in the case
of the male of the first) are granicauda and ater from Namaqualand,
schlechteri from Little Bushmanland, and laticauda from Calvinia.
All these species, together with crassimanus and probably also
pictus, appear to form a natural group, characterised by the median
groove of the carapace forked anteriorly (except in crassimanus), the
terminal tooth of the superior caudal crests enlarged (except in var.
fuscipcs), the fourth tarsus with few spines, there being generally
none, rarely one, on the exterior part of the inferior surface, and
often only three on the external terminal lobe, the hand in the
male (except in capensis and leipoldti) generally granular above and
like that of the female but narrower, the scape of the pectines in the
male generally free of teeth at base behind (except in capensis), and
the racket-shaped laniellas on basal joint of mandibles absent or only
1-3 in number.

0. pallid ipes and peringueyi form a small group apparently not
related to the granifrons group and having the hand in the adult
males very long, slender, and smooth above. 0. pallidipes extends
over almost the same area occupied by the granifrons group (from
Piquetberg to Namaqualand), occurring in abundance, however, only
in places where no representatives of the latter group are found.
The fourth tarsus is many-spined, being always provided with 1-3
external spines below and 4 on the external terminal lobe. The
terminal tooth of the superior caudal crests is enlarged, and the
lamellae on the basal mandibular joint may be present or absent.

Passing to the species in which the median groove of the carapace
is not forked, we find in the first place a small group of three forms

138 Annals of the South African Museum.

which differ from the pallidipcs group only in the absence of the
forked groove. All are karroo -forms, and include karrooensis in-
habiting Eobertson, Prince Albert, Beaufort West, Victoria West,
and probably also some of the adjoining Divisions, and two forms
from Bushmanland, viz., gigas and longicauda.

0. austerus, which does not appear to be closely related to any
other species, has been recorded from the eastern high-lying part of
the Worcester Division, and from Sutherland.

A large group of mostly dark-coloured species, characterised by
the superior caudal crests not ending in an enlarged tooth, occupy
the southern and eastern part of Cape Colony, Natal, the Eepublics,
and Rhodesia. This group runs into two series connected by 0.
macer, viz., (a) forms with the sides of the carapace coarsely granular : *
chaperi (Langeberg Range in Robertson and Worcester Divisions),
fossor (western part of Worcester Division and greater part of
Tulbagh Division), and pattisoni (Cedarbergen in Clanwilliam
Division) ; (b) forms with the sides of the carpace finely granular : t
macer extending along the South- West Coast from False Bay to
Zululand and northwards as far as Ceres, latimanus from Albany
Division, pugnax from Transvaal (also Natal and eastern part of
Cape Colony, teste Pocock), glabrifrons from north-east of Cape
Colony, Transvaal, and Rhodesia. This group, although as large
as the granifrons group, is much more homogeneous. The fourth
tarsus has 4 spines on the external lobe and 1-3 (rarely none)
external spines on the under side as well. The pectines are
rectangular at the base behind in the male. The last segment of
the abdominal sterna is often smooth in the middle and granular
laterally.

0. crassimanus from Bushmanland is evidently closely related to
granifrons, with which I have grouped it above in spite of the
absence of a forked median groove.

0. wahlbergi from Bushmanland and German South- West Africa
and 0. flavesccns from the latter territory are, as regards their affini-
ties, apparently isolated forms.

I wish here to express my obligations to Dr. J. W. B. Gunning,
Director of the Staats Museum at Pretoria, for having placed the
valuable collection of Transvaal scorpions of his Museum at my
disposal for examination. This collection proved of great service in
the elucidation of certain points in connection with 0. pugnax and
O. glabrifrons.

* Including also 0. intermcdiiis, Kraep. (locality unknown).
t Including also 0. brcviccps, Poc. (locality unknown).

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 139

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS WAHLBEBGI (Thor.).

Miaplwnus wahlbergi, Thorell, Ann. Mag. N. H. (4) xvii., p. 13,
1876; Atti. Soc. ital, xix., p. 148, 1877, ? .

Opisthophtlialmus wahlbcrgi, Kraepelin, Eevis. d. Skorp., ii.,
p. 83, in Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst., xi., 1, 1894.

Area of Distribution. German South-West Africa (part '?) and
north-western corner of Cape Colony (Little and Great Bushman-
land).

The Museum possesses a very large number of specimens,
recently collected by Mr. Max Schlechter in Bushmanland, in the
Divisions of Namaqualand and Kenhardt. These belong to two
races, readily distinguishable by the coloration of the cauda but not
presenting, as far as I can detect, any structural differences.

A. Yelloiv-stinged Bace. Fourth caudal segment black, lighter
above, the fifth segment black, except at the posterior end, which is
pale yellow like the vesicle ; mandibles and fingers not darkened ;
breadth of hand equalling or only slightly exceeding (by not more
than mm.) the length of hand-back in adult ? , but less than
the length of hand-back in young females ; No. of pectinal teeth in

? 16-22, in $ 23-29. Inhabits a narrow strip of country in Little
Bushmanland, lying immediately south of the Orange Eiver between
Hunitsamas and Naroep.

(a) 57 $ (30 adult) and 29 $ (6 adult) * from the neighbourhood
of Naroep : No. of pectinal teeth in ? 17-22, in $ 24-29 ; length of
carapace in ad. ? llf-15 mm., in ad. $ 12-12f mm.

(&) 15 ? (9 ad.) and 8 $ (2 ad.) from Hunitsamas, seven miles south
of Ramond's Drift on the Orange Eiver : No. of pect. teeth in ?
16-21, in $ 23-28 ; length of carapace in ad. ? 1U-13| mm., in
ad. $ lli-12f mm.

Mr. Schlechter also found this variety at

(c) Zandhooghte between Hunitsamas and Naroep, Little Bush-
manland.

(d) Vuurdood, near Eamond's Drift, Namaqualand Division.

B. Black- sting <ed Eace. Vesicle, whole of fifth caudal segment,
the greater part of the fourth, and a few patches at the posterior
end of the third segment below, blackened ; fingers of the mandibles

* These figures throughout this paper represent the number of specimens
which I have individually examined with regard to the pectinal teeth, length of
carapace, armature of tarsi, &c. The figures given for the pectinal teeth, there-
fore, represent the actual limits, between which their number varies in a given
set of specimens. Similarly the figures given for the lengths of the carapace
represent the least and greatest length in each set.

140 Annals of the South African Museum.

black, those of the palps reddish brown ; breadth of hand varying
according to the locality, being either as in Eace A, or else consider-
ably exceeding the length of hand-back (by 1-H mm.) in ad. ? , but
equal to, or less than, this length in the younger females ; No. of
pect. teeth in ? 16-20, in $ 23-30. This form appears to extend
throughout the whole length of Little and Great Bushmanland but
excepting at Naroep, where both races meet, it does not appear
to encroach upon the territory occupied by the Yellow-stinged Eace.
Localities in the Namaqualand Division :

(a) 13 $ (7 ad.) and 6 juv. ^ from Grasmond (on the road from
Steinkopf to Henkries) : No. of pect. teeth in ? 16-20, in $
23-26 ; length of carapace in ad. $ 11^-13^ mm.

(b) Jackalswater (half-way between Steinkopf and Henkries).

(c) 24 ? (17 ad.) and 19 $ (5 ad.) from Henkries in Little Bush-
manland : No. of pect. teeth in 5 17-20, in $ 23-28; length of
carapace in ad. ? 10f-13 mm., in ad. $ 11-12-J mm.

(</) 21 ? (13 ad.) and 12 juv. $ collected between Henkries and
Wolftoon in Little Bushmanland : No. of pect. teeth in J 17-20,
in $ 25-30 ; length of carapace in ad. ? 10f-13 mm.

(e) 28 ? (18 ad.) and 16 juv. $ from Sabies, in Bushmanland :
No. of pect. teeth in ? 16-20, in $ 24-29; length of carapace in
ad. ? 11-13 mm.

(/) 33 ad. ? and 15 3 (3 ad.) from Naroep, Great Bushmanland :
No. of pect. teeth in 5 15-20, in $ 23-29 ; length of carapace in
ad. ? 11-13 mm., in ad. $ 12f-13i mm.

(g) 12 ad. $ and 11 $ (2 ad.) from Naramoep, Great Bushman-
land : No. of pect. teeth in ? 16-19, in $ 22-26; length of
carapace in ad. 5 121-15J mm., in ad. $ 13-14f mm.

(h-j) Aggenys, Gams, and Kykgat, all in Great Bushmanland.

Localities in the Kenhardt Division :

(k-o) Namies, Pofadder, Eooibank, De Neus, and Houmoed, all in
Great Bushmanland, in the western part of Kenhardt Division.

Besides the above specimens the Museum also possesses an ad.
5 and a young $ from German South- West Africa (Dr. Marloth),
in which none of the caudal segments nor the mandibles are
blackened: No. of pect. teeth in $ 18-19, in $ 25; length of
carapace in 5 14f mm. ; breadth of hand much exceeds the length
of the hand-back (by If mm.).

In 0. wahlbergi the interocular area in the female is either smooth
or provided with a few scattered granules anteriorly, and in front of
the median eye-tubercle, while in the adult male it is granular
(rarely almost smooth) anteriorly, and in front of the eye-tubercle,

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 141

and smooth only on the convexities. The length of the carapace is
equal to that of the first two caudal segments taken together in the
adult male, and to these two segments together with ^ of the third
in the females and nearly adult males. The scape of the pectines
is free of teeth at the base for about ^ f of its length in the female,
and for i ^ of its length in the male (and not rectangular at the
base). The hurnerus and brachium of the adult male are longer
than in the female, but the hand is of about the same length,
although much narrower ; the upper side of the hand is nearly flat
in the adult male, and the finger-keel is very much more strongly
developed than in the female. The hand of the nearly adult male
resembles that of the female.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS CAKINATUS (Pet.).

1861. Hcteroinetrus carinatus, Peters, Sitz. Ber. Beii. Akad., 1861,
p. 505 (I have not seen this work).

1877. Opisthophthalmus anderssoni, Thorell, Atti, Soc. ital., xix.,
p. 239, $ (teste Kraepelin).

1877. OpisthQphthalmus histrio, Thorell, ibid., p. 242, $ juv.

1879. Petrooicus carinatus, Karsch, Munch. Entom. Mitt., 1879,
p. 109 (quoted from Kraepelin).

1887. Petrooicus furcatus, Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (6) vii.,
p. 380.

1893. CEcopetrus carinatus, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xi.,
p. 307.

1894. Opisthophthalmus carinatus, Kraepelin, Eevis. d. Skorp., ii.,
p. 85.

(a) 1 young and 2 ad. $ from Houmoed (Kenhardt Division)
and Naroep (Namaqualand Division), both in Great Bushmanland
(Max Scldechter] : No. of pect. teeth 19-20; length of carapace
in ad. $ 17^-19 mm. ; interocular area fusco-olivaceous like the
rest of the carapace ; :;: legs pale ochraceous.

(b) 1 juv. ? from Jackalswater, half-way between Steinkopf
and Eamond's Drift, Namaqualand Division) (Max Schlechter).
This specimen, which is the smallest we possess, is 35 mm. long,
and agrees closely with 0. histrio, Thor., having the hands, the
upper edges of the fifth caudal segment, and the carapace smooth,
and the anterior margin of carapace not crenulated. The anterior fork

* A type of coloration, as Pocock remarks, rare in this genus, and found by
him also in specimens of carinatus from Masliunalaiicl.

142 Annals of the South African Museum.

of the median groove of the carapace is not developed. The absence
of an anterior upper crest of granules from the humerus in histrio is
doubtless due to its being much younger, as it measured only 26 mm.
in length. I have no doubt as to the correctness of Kraepelin's view
that histrio is merely a very young male of anderssoni, Thor.

(c) 4 $ (2 ad.) and 1 ad. $ from German South- West Africa
(Dr. Marloth) : No. of pect. teeth in 5 17-20, in $ 24. The adult
male differs from the females in having a longer and stouter tail,
the posterior basal angle of the pectinal scape nearly rectangular,
and therefore toothed along nearly its whole length (in the ? free
of teeth at base behind for about | of its length), and the hands
slightly narrower, flatter above, with longer fingers. Width of hand
in J 13| mm., in $ 12 mm.; length of hand-back in 5 10 mm., in
$ 10f mm.; length of movable finger in ? 13^ mm., in $ 18^ mm.
Further, the under surface of the abdominal and anterior caudal seg-
ments are strongly corrugated in the male but smooth in the female.

The area of distribution of this species is of very great extent, it
having been also recorded from various parts of South-East Africa.
It has not been found south of Bushrnanland in the Cape Colony,
nor in the Eepublics or Natal.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS SCHLECHTEKI, Pure.,
Ann. S. Afr. Mus. i., p. 12 (juv. $ ), 1898.

Area of Distribution. Mr. Max Schlechter found this species in
that part of Little Bushrnanland which lies between Henkries,
Naroep, and Sabies, this being nearly the same area occupied by
the yellow-stinged race of 0. wahlbergi.

(a) 5 $ (4 ad.) and 2 ad. $ from Henkries, Little Bushmanland
(Max Schlechter} : No. of pect. teeth in ? 13-17, in $ 18-22 ; length
of carapace in ad. 5 13f-14f mm., in ad. $ 13f-14 mm.

(b) 6 ? (4 ad.) and 8 $ (3 ad.) collected between Henkries and
Wolf toon in Little Bushmanland (Max Schlechter) : No. of pect.
teeth in ? 13-16, in $ 19-22; length of carapace in ad. ? 13J-
14f mm., in ad. J 13f-14 mm.

(c) 1 ad. $ and 1 ad. $ from Wolftoon, Bushmanland (Max
Schlechter) : No. of pect. teeth in ? 15-16, in $ 20-21 ; length of
carapace in ? 13i mm., in $ 13f mm.

(d-g] Specimens from Vuurdood (near Eamond's Drift on the
Orange River), Hunitsamas (near Vuurdood), Sabies, and Naroep
(Max Schlechter).

The type-specimen of this species has since proved to be a young

Species of Opisthoplithalmus . 143

male. It differs, however, so little from the adult that I need
make only a few corrections and additions to the original descrip-
tion.

Adult Male (recently killed, in spirits).

Colour. The narrow black stripe on each side of the interocular
area of the carapace is very often absent.

Carapace as long as the first two caudal segments taken together ;
its anterior edge generally slightly emarginate in the middle ; sides
of the carapace granular, coarsely so along the lateral borders of the
interocular area.*

Terga very finely roughened anteriorly, finely granular posteriorly
and at the sides.

Palps. Under surface of humerus more or less granular ; hands
with the inner part of upper surface weakly convex, nearly smooth
or w r eakly granular, the secondary keels practically obsolete, the two
black lines representing these keels sometimes absent ; finger-keel
moderate, granular, or nearly smooth, especially in the distal
part.

Pcctuies with 18-22 teeth.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 96; length of carapace
14 ; width of carapace 12 ; distance of eyes from anterior edge 9 ;
width of hand 8| ; length of hand-back 9, of movable finger 12,
of tail 55 ; width of first caudal segment 5f , of fifth caudal segment
31

Six adult specimens from Bushmanland. The humerus and
brachium are somewhat longer, while the hand is much narrower
than in the female.

Adult female (recently killed, in spirits).

The adult female closely resembles the adult male, but differs
from it in the following characters :

Carapace as long as the first and second caudal segment and one-
half of the third.

Terga. Segments 1-6 smooth and shiny, granular only at the
sides ; seventh segment smooth anteriorly.

Palps. The crests of the humerus and brachium and often also

* In the synoptic table in my previous paper (p. 30 of this journal) this granu-
lation is represented as being finer than that of granicauda and ater. In the
adults of sclilechteri and granicauda, however, the granulation is equally coarse,
although finer than in ater.

144 Annals of the South African Museum.

the granules on the upper surface of hands darkened ; hand more
convex above and broader, its breadth generally slightly exceeding the
length of hand-back in the adult, but less than this length in the
young female.

Pectines with 13-17 teeth.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 90 ; length of carapace
14 ; width of carapace 12 ; distance of eyes from anterior edge 9 ;
width of hand 9 ; length of hand-back 9, of movable finger 10, of
tail 47 ; width of first caudal segment 5, of fifth caudal segment 3.

Nine adult specimens from Bushmanland.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS GBANIFRONS, Pocock,
Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) xvii., p. 240, pi. x., fig. 1-16, 1896.

Headquarters. High-lying parts of the Division of Namaqua-
land, C. Col. (with winter rains), where it is extremely abundant.
According to Mr. Max Schlechter this scorpion lives in deep burrows
of about H-2 feet in length.

The following is a list of the specimens in the Museum, the
localities of which are accurately known :

A. Principal Form. In the last segment of the abdominal sterna
in the 3 about 15 irregular transverse rows of granules may be
roughly counted between the front and hind margins. Terminal
tarsus of third leg generally with one (very rarely two) external
spines below in addition to the four spines on the external terminal

lobe.

(ft) 28 ad. ? and 21 ad. $ from Steinkopf (2,700 ft., W. H. Turle,
M. Schlechter} : No. of pect. teeth in ? 10-15, in 3 14-18 ; length
of carapace in $ 13^-16 mm., in $ 12|-14f mm. ; external inferior
spine of tarsus of third leg present in 88 per cent, of cases ; the
larger transverse granules of the last abdominal sternite in the $
oval to linear ; the granulation of the anterior half of the interocular
area rather weak, and only a few of the granules bordering the sides
of this area are large and coarse.

(b) 8 ? (ad. and juv.) and 4 juv. 3 from Annenous (1,775 ft.,
W. H. Turle} : No. of pect. teeth in ? 12-15, in 3 16-18 ; length of
carapace in ad. $ 13-15 mm. ; external tarsal spine of third leg
present in 90 per cent, of cases ; granulation and carapace as in the
specimens from Steinkopf. (Placed provisionally in this group).

The Museum also possesses a few specimens from

(c) Jackals water (half-way between Steinkopf and Henkries,
Namaqualand Division, Max Schlechter} ;

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 145

(d) Grasmond (half-way between Steinkopf and Jackalswater) ;

(e) Sables, Bushmanland (If. Schlechter).

The specimens from these three localities are of interest as they
occur in the territory belonging to crassimamis and wahlbergi, and
appear here very much rarer than the two latter. There are no
adult males amongst them, but they agree in other respects with the
principal form with which I provisionally place them. Tarsus of
third leg always with one external spine below.

B. Far. /3 (Southern Race}. Last segment of the sterna in the
$ with about 20 or more irregular transverse rows of granules,
the granules on this segment being much more numerous and closer
together. Tarsus of third leg generally with no external spine below.
Inhabits more southern territory.

(/) 9 ad. 2 and 5 ad. $ , collected between Steinkopf and Springbok
(Max Schlechter): No. of pect. teeth in ? 13-17, in $ 17-20;
length of carapace in $ 15^-18! mm., in $ 16^-17 mm. ; ex-
ternal tarsal spine of third leg present in only 11 per cent, of
cases ; the mesial sternal granules in the $ mostly strongly
linear ; the granulation on the anterior half of the interocular area
and on the sides of the carapace very coarse and strong.

(g) 10 ad. ? and 8 ad. $ from the Karniesberg (Max Schlechter) :
No. of pect. teeth in $ 13-18, in $ 18 (rarely 16)-22 ; length of
carapace in ? 14^-17 mm., in $ 15^-17-J mm. ; external tarsal spine
of third leg present in 31 per cent, of cases ; mesial sternal granules
in the $ mostly linear ; granulation of the carapace generally
moderately strong.

(h) 2 ad. ? andl ad. 3 from Garies (alt. 830ft., Max Schlechter) :
No. of pect. teeth in ? 13-17, in $ 19-21 ; length of carapace in ?
Yl\ mm., in $ 15^- mm. ; no external spine below on tarsus of third
leg ; mesial sternal granules in $ linear-oval, finer than in the
previous specimens, the granulation thus approaching that of 0.
leipoldti ; granulation of carapace moderately strong.

From the above it appears that 0. ijranifrons is made up of two
races, distinguishable chiefly by the granulation of the last segment
of the abdominal sterna in the male, but also, although with much
less certainty, by the limits within which the length of the cai-apace
and the number of the pectinal teeth vary, and by the presence or
absence of the external inferior spine on the tarsi of the third pair of
legs. These differences alone are, however, not of specific import-
ance. Pocock's typical female, as well as his male specimen,
evidently both belong to the northern or principal form, his young
specimen, however, to the southern race. As the pectines were

146 Annals of the South African Museum.

absent from the specimen correctly described by Pocock as the male
of granifrons, I may here mention that the scape of the pectines is
rounded at the base and free of teeth in the male for about J, in the
? for about -? of its length.

The following remarks are based on a careful examination of
considerably over a hundred adult specimens from various localities.

The finger-keel is composed of coarse granules, by which this
species is generally readily distinguishable from its allies 0. leipoldti,
fuscipes, and capensis. Occasionally, although rarely, the granules
in the distal part fuse to a short smooth ridge, which, however,
never occupies more than ^ of the length of the keel. The granula-
tion on the last abdominal sternite of the $? is weak, but never quite
absent, and may extend over nearly the whole segment or be reduced
to a few mesial granules. The superior process of the tarsi is very
rarely almost as long as the lateral lobes, being generally much
shorter than these. The number of the spines on the external lobe
of the posterior tarsi is remarkably constant. I found four such
spines on one of the legs in a single specimen ; in every other case
there were only three. The posterior half of the interocular area of
the carapace is generally nearly smooth, but in a few specimens (of
unknown locality) with very strong granulation the whole of this
area was coarsely granular. The maxillary processes are often
entirely infuscated.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS LEIPOLDTI, Pure.,
Ann. S. Afr. Mus., i., p. 18, pi. iii., fig. 5, $ and $ , 1898.

The Museum has recently received an additional number of well-
preserved specimens (in formaline) kindly collected by Mr. B.
Pattison at Clanwilliam (alt. 245 ft.). The species lives in burrows
alongside of the main street of the village. The total number of
adult specimens, which I have been able to carefully examine, now
amounts to 22 5 and 15 $ . The external lobe of the tarsus of fourth
leg is almost invariably provided with three spines, a single specimen
with four such spines being the only exception I came across. In no
case is the superior process of the tarsi shorter than the lateral lobes.
The pectinal teeth vary as already recorded. The finger-keel is not
rarely broken up into granules in its proximal part, so much so,
sometimes, that the smooth distal portion only occupies ^ of the
length of the keel. The posterior side of the brachium is always
furnished along the middle, especially in the distal half, with some
coarse isolated granules, in addition to the semicircular ridges

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 147

encircling the hair-pits. The presence of these granules and of those
on the upper crest of the brachium constitute the principal characters
by which this species can be distinguished from the closely allied
0. capensis. Length of the carapace in adult $ 12f-15 mm. ; in
adult $ 13-14^ mm .

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS CAPENSIS (Herbst).

In his ' Revision der Skorpione ' (p. 100) Kraepelin appears to
have confused two different species under the name of 0. pilosus.
The male is, of course, that of capensis, and it seems to me very
probable that the female of his pilosus is the male of 0. granifrons,
Pocock. I have not seen 0. latro, Thor., but it is evidently only a
male specimen of capensis, which is larger and darker than usual.
In Thorell's elaborate description I cannot discover a single structural
difference, and Thorell himself relied only upon the larger size and
dark coloration to distinguish his species from capensis. A very
large male of the latter in our collection measures 83 mm. in length,
while Thorell's latro is 89 mm. long. In the structure of the finger-
keel and of the superior crest and posterior surface of the brachium,
in which capensis differs from its nearest allies, leipoldti and
f/ranifrons, latro resembles capensis. Further, latro, Thor., and
pilosus, C. L. Koch, are stated to be identical by Kraepelin, who
was able to examine and compare the type-specimens of both.

In a previous paper (p. 20 of this journal) I described a scorpion
from the Tulbagh Division, under the name of 0. fuscipes. At that
time I was acquainted only with the form of 0. capensis which occurs
in the Cape Peninsula, and was able to sharply separate it from 0.
fuscipes, relying principally on the shape of the spiracles, the
number of spines on the external lobe of the posterior tarsus, and
the coloration. An examination of a number of additional specimens
of both forms, especially those taken at new localities, has convinced
me of the trifling specific value of these characters in the present
case. Thus the external lobe of the fourth tarsus is always provided
with 3 spines in specimens of either form taken outside of the
Cape Peninsula ; in specimens of capensis from Stellenbosch and
Malmesbury the spiracles are often (and in the specimens from
the Peninsula occasionally) wider in the middle than at the ends,
thus approaching the condition which obtains in fuscipes. Moreover,
in specimens from the Paaii, which otherwise closely agree with
fuscipes, the spiracles although wider in the middle are generally
narrower than in the typical fuscipes, the narrowest spiracles of these
specimens exactly resembling the widest spiracles of the Stellenbosch

11

148 Annals of the South African Museum.

and Malmesbury specimens of capcnsis. I therefore prefer now to
reduce fnscipcs to the rank of a sub-species or local race of 0.
capcnsis.

The specimens in the South African Museum may then be grouped
as follows :

A. Principal Form: 0. capcnsis (Herbst).

Scorpio capemis, Herbst., Naturg. d. Ungefl. Ins., iv., p. 62, pi. v.,
fig. 2, 1800. I have not seen this work.

Opisthophthalmus pilosus, C. L. Koch, Die Arach., iv., p. 91, fig.
309, 1838, adult 3 ; Kraepelin ad partem, Revis. d. Skorp., ii.,
p. 100, 1894, ad. $ , non ? .

0. maxillosus, C. L. Koch, ibid., p. 93, fig. 310, young.

0. latro, Thorell, Atti. Soc. ital., xix., p. 225, 1877, $ .

0. capensis, Thor., ibid., p. 227, $ and 5 ; Kraepelin, loc. cit.,
p. 97, $ and juv. $ ; Pocock, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) xvii.,p. 234; non
C. L. Koch, loc. cit., p. 89, fig. 308.

Characters. Legs unicoloured, ochraceous (becoming reddish
yellow in old spirit specimens). Terminal tooth of superior caudal
crests enlarged and often spiniform in segments 2-4 ; spiracles with
parallel edges, or somewhat wider in the middle than at the ends ;
number of pectinal teeth 10-13 in the ? , 12-15 in the $ ; outer
lobe of tarsus of fourth leg with 3-4 spines.

Distribution. South- Western corner of Cape Colony (Cape,
Stellenbosch and Malmesbury Divisions).

(a) 10 ad. 5 and 12 ad. $ from round about Caps Town. They
live in deep burrows, and under stones, and are often extremely
common on the hillsides (Signal Hill, Table Mountain, Camps Bay,
Wynberg Hill) ; also in level sandy plains (Constantia area). No.
of pect. teeth in 5 10-13, in $ 12-15 ; length of carapace in 5
lOi- 13f mm., in $ 9^-12f mm. ; external lobe of tarsus of fourth leg
with 4 spines, rarely with only 3 (in 9 per cent, of cases) ; this tarsus
occasionally (in 7 per cent, of cases) provided with an external inferior
spine in addition to the 4 on the terminal lobe ; penultimate segment
of the abdominal sterna, with a few weak mesial granules in the ? ,
but coarsely granular in the adult J . Ground-colour of palps and
carapace ochraceous, the cauda ochraceous in the $ , darker in
the $ . Spiracles very narrow with parallel edges, rarely somewhat
wider in the middle than at the ends.

(b) 2 ad. 5 from Simonstown, Cape Peninsula (F. Purcell) : No.
of pect. teeth 10-11 ; length of carapace llf mm. ; external lobe of
fourth tarsus with 3-4 spines ; spiracles narrow with parallel edges ;
coloration and sterna as in the Cape Town specimens.

Species of Opisthophthalimts. 149

(f) 1 ad. 3 from the Mamre Mission Station, Malmesbury Divi-
sion : No. of pect. teeth 12 ; length of carapace 10 mm. ; external
lobe of fourth tarsus with 3 spines ; spiracles narrow with parallel
edges ; coloration and sterna as in the Cape Town specimens.

(d] 5 $ (2 ad.) from the village of Malmesbury (F. Purccll). No.
of pect. teeth 10-13 ; length of carapace in ad. $ 12^-12f mm. ;
external lobe of fourth tarsus with 3 spines ; penultimate segment of
the sterna quite smooth; coloration as in the Cape Town specimens ;
spiracles narrow with parallel edges or wider in the middle than at
the ends.

(e) 1 ad. 5 from the Papagaai Berg at the town of Stellenbosch
(F. Pi creel 1) : No. of pect. teeth 11-12 ; length of carapace lOf mm. ;
external lobe of fourth tarsus with 3-4 spines; sterna and colora-
tion as in the specimens from Cape Town ; spiracles somewhat
wider in the middle than at the ends.

B. Sub-specific Form : 0. capensis fuscipcs, Pure.

Scorpio afer, Wulfen non Linn., in : Xav. Wulfen, Descriptiones
Quorundam Capensium Insectorum. Erlangae ; p. 39, fig. 21, 1786;
adult 3 .

Opisthophthalmus fuscipcs, Purcell, Ann. South African Museum,
vol. i., p. 20, 1898, 3 and ?.

Characters. Legs dark reddish brown on anterior (outer) surface,
ochraceous on inner surface. Terminal tooth of superior caudal
crests generally not at all enlarged, sometimes enlarged but rarely
spiniform ; spiracles always wider, generally very much wider in
the middle than at the ends ; No. of pect. teeth 9-10 (rarely 7-12)
in the $ , 9-13 in the 3 ; external lobe of fourth tarsus always
3-spined ; whole posterior surface of brachium very uneven

Distribution. Paarl and south-western part of Tulbagh Division.

The existence of an old description of a Cape Opisthophthalmus
by Wulfen was recently pointed out to me by Mr. E. M. Light-
foot. This appears to be the first description of a species of the
genus, although the author wrongly identified his specimen with
Scorpio afcr of Linnaeus. Wulfen's description may be summarised
as follows : Body rufo-piceus, the carapace blackened, with piceo-
rufus interocular area, the legs and cauda piceo-rufus, the mandibles
rufo-piceus. Hands convex above, with 5 elevated, darker, tuber-
cular crests and pilose at the margins. Cauda with 8 granular
crests. The under surface of cauda and of last abdominal segment
and the hands tuberculate. Pectines with 12 teeth. From this
description and the figure Wulfen's scorpion may be identified with-
out difficulty as the adult male of fuscipcs.

150 Annals of the South African Museum.

The specimens in the Museum include :

(a) Types : 8 ad. $ and 6 $ (3 ad.) from the Tulbagh Eoad Railway
Station at the foot of the Waterfall Mts., Tulbagh Div. (F. Pnrcell} :
No. of pect. teeth in $ 9-10 (rarely 11-12), in $ 11-12 (rarely 9) ;
length of carapace in ad. ? ll-12f mm., in ad. $ 9^-10i mm. ;
terminal spine of superior caudal crests sometimes enlarged, rarely
spiniform. Colour a rich, deep reddish brown (including the outer
surface of legs, the cauda, the interocular area and sides of cara-
pace, and the palps), the inner basal part of hands above, and
sometimes also the interocular area, somewhat yellowish. Spiracles
much wider in the middle than at the ends, the posterior edge
being much more arched than the anterior edge. Pemiltimate
sternal segment quite smooth (rarely with traces of weak granula-
tion in the middle) in the 5 , finely granular in the adult $ .

(/>) 9 ? (4 ad.) and 8 3 (1 ad.) from the Paarl (E. M. Light-
foot) : No. of pect. teeth in ? 9-10 (rarely 7 or 8), in $ 10-13 ;
length of carapace in ad. $ 10-10f mm., in ad. $ 9f mm. Colora-
tion as in the typical fitsciprx, the interocular area and the hands,
however, more ochraceous. Spiracles wider in the middle than at
the ends, although not so wide as in the specimens from the Water-
fall Mts. Terminal tooth of superior caudal crests not at all or
scarcely enlarged, not spiniform. Penultimate segment of sterna
us in typical fitxcijH-'s in both sexes.

The posterior surface of the brachium in capcnsis is never coarsely
granular along the middle as in Icipoldti and granifrons, but is pro-
vided instead with several rows of circular or semicircular ridges,
representing the elevated edges of the little depressions in which the
hair-pits lie. In var. fnscipca the posterior surface is altogether
rougher, the ridges along the middle often fuse to irregular, some-
what crenulated crests, between which a granule or two occasion-
ally appears. The superior crest of the brachium is usually smooth,
or nearly so (crenulated in/.sr//n-.s), but sometimes it is furnished
a little proximal to the middle of the segment with a row of gran-
ules which, however, are generally situated on the anterior side of
the crest, just under its upper edge, causing the latter to still appear
nearly smooth when viewed from behind. The superior lobe of the
tarsus of fourth leg is never shorter than the lateral lobes. The scape
of the pectines is rounded at the base and free of teeth for about ? of
its length in the $ ; in the 3 the scape is straight at the base,
though not quite rectangular to its axis, being free of teeth for
about I- to | of its length.

of Opisthophthalmus. 151

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS PICTUS, Kraepelin,

Revis. d. Skorp., ii., p. 102, 1894.
1 ad. $ from Port Elizabeth (/. P. Cregoc).
The types were recorded from the Orange Free State.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS PALLIDIPES, C. L. Koch.

0. pallipcs, C. L. Koch, Die Arachniden, x., p. 3, tig. 757, 1843,
ad. 3.

0. paUidipes, Thorell, Atti. Soc. ital., xix., p. 227, 1877, ad. ? ;
Kraepelin, Revis. d. Skorp., Jahr. Hamb. Wiss. Anstalten, xi., i.,
p. 87, 1894 ; Pocock, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) xvii., tig. of ad. ? on
p. 236, 1896.

Area of Distribution. A strip of country (with winter rains) along
the west coast of Cape Colony, extending less than 100 miles inland.
Headquarters: Bokkeveld Mts. (Calvinia and Van Rhynsdorp Div.),
Cedarbergen (Clanwilliam Div.), Piquetberg Range (Piquetberg
Div.) ; besides stragglers are found in the whole territory occupied
by 0. granifrons in the Div. of Namaqualand.

(a) 1 ad. $ and 1 juv. 3 from Steinkopf in Namaqualand, alt.
2,700 ft. (Max Schlechtcr) : No. of pect. teeth in ? 20-21, in $
26-27 ; length of carapace in ? 16i mm. ; abdominal sterna and
interocular area of ? smooth ; colour of $ black, excepting the
legs, vesicle, interocular area and the hands. This is the most
northern locality recorded.

(6) 1 $ juv., from the village of Van Rhynsdorp, alt. 400 ft.
(Max Schlechtcr) : No. of pect. teeth 25-26.

(c) 20 (4 ad.) and 14 $ (2 ad.) collected on the high-lying
country known as the Onder Bokkeveld on the Bokkeveld Mts. (near
Nieuwoudtville), Calvinia Div. (Max Schlechtcr) : No. of pect. teeth
in J 16-21, in $ 24-29; length of carapace in ad. ? 15^-17 mm., in
ad. 3 16^ mm. ; interocular area smooth in the adult ; segments 1-4
of the abdominal sterna finely granular at the lateral edges in the
adult 3 , smooth in the ? ; segment 5 smooth, generally with
distinct traces of lateral keels ; colour of humerus, brachium, cauda
and of hind-border of the tergal segments lighter (especially in the
male), ochraceous brown.

(d) 8 $ (1 ad.) and 7 juv. 3 from the Pakhuisberg, Clanwilliam
Div. (Max Schlechter) : No. of pect. teeth in the ? 16-22, in the 3
25-31; length of carapace in ad. ? 16 mm. ; interocular area nearly
smooth, very weakly granular in the anterior half ; sterna as above.

152 Annals of the South African Museum.

These specimens show the lighter coloration of those from the
Bokkeveld Mts., bub possess a larger number of pectinal teeth.

(c) 3 $ (1 ad.) from Wupperthal, Clamvilliam Div. (Rer. Schmolke) :
No. of pect. teeth in ? 18-21 ; length of carapace in ad. $ 16i mm.
These specimens show the lighter coloration of the tail and palps.

(/') 1 juv. 3 from the Kaakadouw Pass, alt. 1,000-3,000 ft., in
the Cedarbergen, Clamvilliam Div. (E. Pattison and C. L. Leipoldt) :
No. of pect. teeth 26-28.

((/} 2 juv. 5 and 2 ad. $ from the Mission Station at Goede
Verwachting (Gutwerwacht) in the Piquetberg Eange, Piquetberg
Div. (Rev. Marks): No. of pect. teeth in $ 17-19, in $ 25-28;
length of carapace in $ 15f mm. ; interocular area of adult smooth,
except quite anteriorly, where there are a few weak granules ; sterna
as in the specimens from the Bokkeveld Mts. ; colour of humerus,
brachium, cauda and hind-border of tergal segments very dark,
nearly black, in the ad. $ .

(h) 1 ad. 3 (dry) labelled " Touws River," Worcester Div. This
is an old specimen, and I am not quite certain of the locality. It
differs ramarkably from the specimens we possess from the more
western parts of the Colony. The upper crest of the brachium is
coarsely crenulated, in the proximal part even granular ; the ventral
surface of the abdomen and of the first two caudal segments, though
apparently smooth to the naked eye, is provided with exceedingly
minute granules, evenly scattered over the surface at distances of
about mm. apart ; the anterior fourth of the interocular area is
coarsely granular ; the coloration of the whole animal is compara-
tively light. No. of pect. teeth 26 ; length of carapace 17f mm.

The Museum possesses adult males agreeing almost exactly in the
dimensions of the different parts with Koch's figure of the type
specimen. The whole of the upper surface of the first 6 segments
of the terga is extremely finely shagreened, the granules, excepting
a few at the sides, being individually almost invisible, unless magni-
fied. Although these terga are stated by Koch to be smooth in the
type specimen, I have no doubt as to the specific identity of our
specimens and his.

The interocular area of the carapace is generally quite smooth in
the adults of both sexes, though sometimes it is weakly or even
coarsely granular in the anterior part ; in the young it is nearly
always granular anteriorly.

In general appearance the adult male greatly resembles that of
karrooensis, Pur., but the brachium equals the humerus in length
in pallidipes. The carapace is slightly longer than the first two

iea of OpisthopMhalnvus. 153

caudal segments, while the tail itself is much longer than the trunk ;
the abdominal sterna are quite smooth ; the inner part of the upper
surface of the hand is almost flat and nearly smooth ; the inner
edge of hand is nearly straight and strongly denticulate ; the length
of the hand-back considerably exceeds the breadth of the hand ; the
scape of the pectines is rectangular at the base, and toothed along
its whole length ; the genital operculuni is transverse.

Mcamrements in Millimetres of an ad. $ . Total length 105 ;
length of carapace 16^, width 14 ; distance of eyes from anterior
margin 11^ ; width of hand 9 ; length of hand-back 9f , of movable
finger 23ir, of tail 60 ; width of first caudal segment 6, of fifth 4,
of vesicle 5^.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS PEKINGUEYI, Purcell,
Ann. S. Afr. Mus., i., p. 23, 1898, ? and 3 .

No exact locality is known for the type of this species, but I have
recently received a large adult female, captured by Messrs. C. L.
Leipoldt and E. Pattison on the Sneeuwkop Mt., in the Cedarberg
Eange, Clanwilliam Div., at a height of over 3,000 ft.

This specimen closely resembles the type from which, however,
it differs somewhat in colour the interocular area of the carapace,
the upper surface of the hands, the vesicle, and the legs being dark
olive-brown instead of reddish yellow. The last sternal segment is
distinctly keeled on each side. Pectines with 16-17 teeth. Total
length 110 mm. ; length and width of carapace 14^ mm. ; width of
hand 12f mm. ; length of hand-back 9 mm. Basal joint of mandible
provided on the inner side with four obovate lamellae (modified
hairs), which are not present in the type specimens.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS KARROOEXSIS, Purcell,

Ann. S. Afr. Mus., i., p. 1, pi. i., fig. 1, pi. ii., fig. 2, 1898.

3 and 2 .

Area of Distribution. Central and South- West Karroo, Cape
Colony (Victoria West, Beaufort West, Prince Albert and Eobertson
Divisions).

(a) I ad. 3 (dry), from Victoria West, alt. 4,100 ft. (B. M. Light-
foot] : No. of pect. teeth 28-29 ; length of carapace 13f mm. ; seg.
5 of the abdominal sterna wrinkled and granular, seg. 4 wrinkled
in the middle and granular at the sides, anterior segments nearly
smooth.

154 Annals of the South African Museum.

(b) 10 2 (3 ad.) and 19 $ (4 ad.), from Beaufort West, alt. 2,850 ft.
(Rev. G. H. E. Fivk, J. P. Cregoe, F. Piircell) : No. of pect. teeth
in 2 19-22, in $ 25-31; length of carapace in ad. 2 14^-16 mm.,
in ad. $ 13-14 mm. ; seg. 5 of the abdominal sterna in the 2
smooth or scarcely granular in the middle, weakly granular in the
depressions at the posterior lateral angles ; seg. 2-5 in the $
finely and densely granular throughout, or seg. 2-4 wrinkled in
the middle.

(c) 8 2 (5 ad.) and 8 $ (3 ad.), from Prince Albert Village, alt.
2,120 ft. (F. Purcell): No. of pect. teeth in 2 19-22, in 3 24-31;
length of carapace in ad. 2 14J-16 mm., in ad. $ 14f-15 mm. ;
seg. 5 of the abdominal sterna in the ? with a few weak mesial
granules posteriorly, seg. 2-5 in ad. $ finely and densely granular
throughout.

(<7) 4 2 (1 ad.) and 7 juv. $ , from Laingsburg, Prince Albert

Div., alt. 2,128 ft. (F. Purcell): No. of pect. teeth in 2 19-22, in

$ 24-30 ; length of carapace in ad. 2 15^- mm. ; seg. 5 of the

abdominal sterna in the ad. 2 thickly granular, smooth only along

the anterior border.

(e) 20 2 (12 ad.) and 20 3 (9 ad.), from Ashton, Eobertson Div.
(F. Purcell) : No. of pect. teeth in 2 15-19 (rarely 21), in 3 21-24
(rarely 27) ; length of carapace in ad. 2 1H-13J mm., in ad. 3
Hi-12f mm. ; seg. 5 of the abdominal sterna in the ad. 2 perfectly
smooth except in the shallow postero-lateral depressions, where it is
usually provided with a few weak granules ; seg. 2 and 3 in the 3
smooth or nearly so, granular at the sides, seg. 3 sometimes granular
along hind margin, seg. 4 and 5 densely and finely granular ; width
of hand in 2 somewhat greater than the length of hand-back ; under
side of first caudal segment in the 2 weakly granular, except quite
anteriorly, where it is generally smooth ; under side of humerus
nearly smooth, with at most 6-9 small granules in the 3 , very
sparsely granular in the 2 , although more granular than in the 3 .
In other respects these specimens resemble the types.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS GIGAS, Purcell,
Ann. S. Afr. Mus., i., p. 5, 1898, 3 and 2 .

The probable locality of the type specimens is Warmbad (Nisbet
Bath), in Great Namaqualand, German South- West Africa. The
Museum has recently acquired a number of fine specimens of this
giant species, collected by Mr. Max Schlechter, in Bushmanland,
Cape Colony. These specimens differ from the types in a few points

of Opisthopltthcilmtis. 155

and constitute Var. & The specimens in the collection are as
follows :

A. Principal Form. Eyes far back, their distance from anterior
median edge of carapace 2f 3 times their distance from posterior
edge. Ventral surface of abdominal and of anterior caudal segments
in male furnished with exceedingly minute granules, although appa-
rently smooth to the naked eye. North of the Orange Eiver.

1 ad. $ (type) and 2 ad. $ , probably from Warmbad (W. Palgravc) :
No. of pect. teeth in 5 24, in 3 24 ; length of carapace in J 22 mm.,
in $ 21^-22 mm.

B. Var. ft Eyes farther forward, their distance from the anterior
median edge of carapace only 2-24; times their distance from posterior
edge. Ventral surface of abdominal and anterior caudal segments
perfectly smooth in $ (except at extreme lateral borders of sterna,
which are minutely granular, as in principal form). Colour of trunk
and cauda olive-green to olive-brown, of interocular area and hands
yellow, of legs pale ochraceous. Young wholly dark (with the
exception of the legs).

(a) 13 $ (4 ad.) and 6 $ (i ad.) from Namies on the border between
Namaqualand and Kenhardt Div., Great Bushnianland (Max
Schlechtcr) : No. of pect. teeth in $ 19-22, in $ 22-27; length of
carapace in ad. 2 20i 21-J mm., in ad. $ 20f mm.; length of
largest ? 156 mm., of $ 140 mm.

(b) 2 J (1 ad.) from Naroep, Great Bushnianland, Namaqualand
Div. (Max Schlechtcr) : No. of pect. teeth 20-22 ; length of carapace
in ad. 5 22 mm. ; total length 160 mm.

(c) 2 juv. $ and 1 juv. 3 from Jackalswater (half-way between
Steinkopf and Henkries), Namaqualand Div. (Max Schlechtcr) :
No. of pect. teeth in 5 23-24, in $ 29. The largest female specimen
is nearly full grown (length 115 mm.), and may be easily identified
from the type specimen of 0. yigas.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS AUSTERUS, Karsch,

Mittheil. Munch. Ent. Ver., 1879, p. 128; Kraepelin, Bevis. d.

Skorp., ii., p. 94, 1894.

Area of Distribution. Western part of the Great Karroo (Wor-
cester Div.), Sutherland (?).

(a) 11 $ (6 ad.) and 2 $ (1 ad.) from Touws Eiver Station,

alt. 2,500 ft., Worcester Div. (F. Pnrccll) : No. of pect. teeth in

$ 15-18, in $ 21-23 ; length of carapace in ad. ? ll^-12f mm.

and only slightly exceeding that of first two caudal segments, in

156 Annals of tlie South African Museum

ad. 3 ll-i- mm., and considerably less than that of first two caudal
segments ; upper surface of hand coarsely granular throughout in
the J ; interocular area dark reddish brown, scarcely lighter than
the sides of the carapace.

(b) 1 ad. $> (dry) from Matjesfontein, alt. 2,970 ft. (E. Trimcn) :
No. of pect. teeth 15-16 ; length of carapace 12^ mm., somewhat
exceeding that of first two caudal segments ; colour of carapace
and granulation of hand as in the specimens from Touws River.

(c) 1 ad. $ , old spirit specimen, labelled " Sutherland " (alt.
4,776 ft.) (Rev. de Vries) : No. of pect. teeth 18 ; length of carapace
14f mm., slightly exceeding that of the first two caudal segments ;
inner part of upper surface of hands very much smoother in the
middle than at the sides ; interocular area much lighter than the
sides of the carapace.

(d) 4 $ (3 ad.), no history attached: No. of pect. teeth 20-22 ;
length of carapace 12-12f mm., equalling that of the first and second
caudal segments ; interocular area much lighter than the sides of the
carapace.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS CHAPERI, Simon,
Soc. Ent. France (5), x., p. 387, 1880, 3 .

Area of Distribution. The karroo-like country along the southern
side of the great Langeberg Eange from its eastern extremity west-
wards as far as Ashton (Worcester and Robertson Divisions).

(a) 4 ? (ad.) and 3 $ (2 ad.) from the base of the Rabiesberg,
near Nuy River Station, Worcester Div. (11. Francke and F. Purcell) :
No. of pect. teeth in $ 13-16, in 3 17-19 ; length of carapace in
ad. ? 12^-134- mm., in ad. 3 12-12f mm. ; interocular area and
inner part of upper surface of hand (except quite distally) ochraceous ;
tail yellowish brown ; last segment of the abdominal sterna in the

? with only a very few weak granules on the rudiments of the,
lateral keels.

(b) 8 ? (4 ad.) and 3 $ (young) from Ashton, Robertson Div.
(F. Purcell} : No. of pect. teeth in ? 13-15, in 3 17-18 ; length of
carapace in ad. ? 13-14^ mm. ; interocular area and inner basal
part of upper surface of hand reddish yellow, the hand much more
extensively blackened in the ? , tail dark reddish brown ; last
segment of the abdominal sterna in 5 generally with a larger
granulated area on each side in the region of the keels.

Only the male of this species has been described. The following
are the principal characters of the adult female : Colour as in the

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 157

male. Carapace slightly longer than the first and second caudal
segment (somewhat shorter than these segments in the 3 ) ; inter-
ocular area almost entirely smooth, or weakly granular in the anterior
part (in the $ finely granular over almost the whole surface or only
on the anterior half). Terga granular throughout (more densely and
finely so in the <?). Sterna smooth and shiny, the last with the
rudiments of lateral keels just visible and a few weak granules in the
region of these keels, the mesial portion of the segment either quite
smooth or more commonly, just perceptibly rugose-granular. (In
the $ the last segment is very densely and finely granular, with
rudiments of lateral keels.) Humerus of palpi with the anterior
border of upper surface as well defined as in the male ; hands broad
and stout, convex above, less hairy ; finger-keel strong, smooth ; inner
part of upper surface of hand covered with numerous, low, fiat,
anastomosing elevations, secondary keels obsolete, indicated by black
lines.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 94 ; length of carapace
13^, width 12f ; distance of eyes from anterior margin 9j ; width of
hand 11 ; length of hand-back 7^, of movable finger 12^, of tail
49 ; width of first caudal segment 5^, of fifth 3i, of vesicle 4.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS FOSSOR, Purcell,
Ann. S. Afr. Mus., i., p. 9, pi. in., figs. 4, 4, 1898, 3 $ .

Area of Distribution. Divisions of Tulbagh and Worcester
(western part).

(a) 14 $ (11 ad.) and 6 3 (5 ad.) from Schlanghoek, Worcester
Div. (E. Francke, F. Purcell) : No. of pect. teeth in 5 12-14
(rarely 16), in 3 17-20; length of carapace in ad. 5 12^-13f mm.,
in ad. $ 11-12^- mm.

(b) 4 $ (1 ad.) and 2 3 (1 ad.) from the Eoode Zands Mts.
(eastern side), Tulbagh Div. : No. of pect. teeth in $ 12-15,
in 3 19-21 ; length of carapace in ad. 5 11^ mm., in ad. 3
11^- mm.

(c) 3 ad. $ and 5 3 (4 ad.), old spirit specimens labelled " Witzen-
berg Mts.," Tulbagh Div. (T. H. Kleinsclimidt) : No. of pect. teeth
in ? 13-14, in 3 15-20; length of carapace in $ ll-12i mm.,
in ad. 3 10J-12 mm.

(d) 1 ad. $> from the southern end of the Witzenberg Eange,
near Wolseley, Tulbagh Div. (F. Purcell} : No. of pect. teeth 13
length of carapace 12 mm.

158 Annals of the South African Museum.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS MACEE, Thor.

0. capcnsis, C. L. Koch, Die Arachniden, iv., p. 89, fig. 308, 1837,
ad. 3 .

0. maccr, Thorell, Atti Soc. ital., xix., p. 236, 1877, ad. $ ;
Kraepelin, Eevis. d. Skorp., ii., p. 95, in Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst.,
xi., 1, 1894, 3 ? ; Pocock, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xvii., pi. x.,
fig. 5 (1896), $ (hand).

O.falla.r, Thorell, Atti Soc. ital., xix., p. 238, 1877, ? .

Area of Distribution. Along the south coast from False Bay
eastwards as far as Port Elizabeth and probably further (according
to Pocock also in Zululand) ; northwards the species extends along
the Langeberg Kange into the Divs. of Worcester and Ceres.

(a) 4 ? (3 ad.) and 5 3 (3 ad.) from Georgetown at the foot of
the Outeniqua Kange (F. P/ircc/l) : No. of pect. teeth in 5 12 -14,
in $ 14-19; length of carapace in ad. $ 10f-13 mm., in ad. $
llf-llf mm. ; interocular area in both sexes merely roughened with
pits, but not granular, on the convexities behind; the granulation on
the sides of the carapace in the ? slightly but distinctly stronger
and coarser near the lateral borders of the interocular area than
elsewhere ; colour of legs dark reddish brown in the $ , almost
black in the $ . Thorell's type specimen appears to be some such
form as this.

(b) 3 ad. 3 from the town of Knysna and the Knysna Heads
(F. Purccll) : No. of pect. teeth 15-17 ; length of carapace 10-11 mm. ;
carapace and colour of legs as in the $ specimens from Georgetown.

(c) 1 5 from Port Elizabeth (/. L. Draje) : No. of pect. teeth
12-13; length of carapace 11 mm.; granulation of carapace and
colour of legs as in the ? specimens from Georgetown, secondary
keels of hand much weaker than usual, in parts scarcely raised at all.

(d) 2 ad. ? and 2 ad. $ from the Hottentots Holland Mts.
(Caledon side) (F. Purccll) : No. of pect. teeth in 11-12, in 3
16-17; length of carapace in $ 11-1H mm., in 3 10^-111 mm. ;
whole surface of carapace in the $ finely and evenly granular
throughout, in the 5 the interocular area is merely roughened with
pits, but not granular, on the convexities behind ; last segment of
the abdominal sterna uneven or finely roughened in the middle ;
colour of legs as in the specimens from Georgetown.

(c) 2 ad. ? and 2 $ (1 ad.) from the village of Sir Lowries Pass,
Stellenbosch Div. (F. Pur cell) : No. of pect. teeth in 5 11-12, in 3
15-17; length of carapace in 5 10411^ mm., in ad. 3 10^ mm. ;
carapace as in the specimens from the Hottentots Holland Mts. ;
colour of the legs in 3 reddish brown, in $ dark reddish brown.

i'K of Opisthophifhalmus. 159

(/") 4 ad. 5 and 1 ad. $ from Rabiesberg (at the foot of the Lange-
bergen near Nuy Eiver Station), Worcester Div. (R. Fran-eke, F.
Purccll) : No. of pect. teeth in $ 13-17, in $ 19-20 ; length of
carapace in 2 11-12 mm., in $ 11 mm. ; whole surface of carapace
finely and evenly granular throughout in both sexes ; colour of the
legs ochraceous-brown in fresh specimens.

(g) 2 ad. 5 from the village of Ceres (E. M. Lightfoot and F.
Purccll} : No. of pect. teeth 13-16 ; length of carapace in ad. $
12^ mm. ; whole surface of carapace densely and evenly granular
throughout ; colour of the legs light ochraceous-brown, from the
apex of femur to the distal end of the leg nearly black on the
anterior, upper and posterior sides.

(h) 1 ad. ? from near Triangle Station (alt. 3,193 ft.), Wore. Div.
(R. M. Lightfoot) : No. of pect. teeth 15-16 ; length of carapace
14 mm. ; granulation of carapace weaker on posterior part of inter-
ocular area ; coloration of legs as in the specimens from Ceres (g).

I have no doubt as to the identity of Koch's 0. capensis and
Thorell's 0. macer, notwithstanding the circumstance that Koch
gives only 13 pect. teeth for his specimen. In some of our male
specimens the number of these teeth is as low as 14.

The last segment of the abdominal sterna is either smooth or
more or less granular at the sides, the latter being especially the
case in the males. The under side of the humerus is either
granular or smooth.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS LATIMANUS, C. L. Koch,

O. latiniaints, C. L. Koch, Die Arachniden, viii., p. 65, fig. 640,
1841, $ ; Kraepelin, Revis. der Skorp., ii., p. 91, 1894.

0. cah' us, L. Koch, Verb. zool. hot. Ges. Wien, xvii., p. 233,
1867 (I have not seen this work) ; Kraepelin, loc. cit., p. 93, ? .

8 ? (5 ad.) and 7 $ (5 ad.) from Brakkloof, near Grahamstown v
Albany Div. (Dr. Schonland) : No. of pect. teeth in 5 11-13, in $
14-18 ; length of carapace in ad. $ 12-141 mm., in ad. $ 10|~
12| mm.

These specimens very much resemble Koch's figure of the type in
their coloration, but the interocular area and tail are darker, being
very dark reddish brown or almost black ; the legs are dark reddish
brown, their under surface and the vesicle yellowish brown. In the
adult female the secondary keels on the inner part of the upper
surface of the hand may be quite obsolete (except quite distally at
the base of the finger), or they may be distinctly traceable to the
base of the hand as a row of larger, low, anastomosing tubercles.

160 Annals of the South African Museum.

In the female the interocular area is either entirely smooth or the
anterior half is roughened or very minutely granular ; the second to
sixth segments of the terga are very uneven hut shiny, coarsely
granular along hind margin and provided each with a smooth,
longitudinal keel and with a large transverse elevation on each
side ; the last segment of the sterna is distinctly keeled, its surface
roughened (also in the middle) with irregular pits and elevations and
generally furnished at the sides with a few granules ; the median
inferior keels of the first caudal segment are well developed, nearly
smooth or more or less crenulated ; the finger-keel is either nearly
smooth, or it is hroken up into a row of granules.

The male of latiinauiif;, which has not as yet been described,
differs from the female in the following characters : Carapace only
slightly longer than the first two caudal segments, the interocular
area almost entirely covered w r ith the minutest granules ; tcrija
finely shagreened without any shiny elevations ; sterna with the
first four segments finely roughened and often pitted in the middle
(rarely the first segment nearly smooth), the fifth segment finely
granular in the middle, more coarsely granular at the sides, keeled ;
inferior keels of first caudal segment always granular ; the scape of the
pcctincs rectangular at the base and toothed throughout its length ;
upper and anterior surfaces of Ji inner us separated by a crest of
larger granules ; hand much smaller and relatively narrower, the
inner part of the upper surface covered with granules which are not
so flat but more isolated than in the 5 , resembling those on the
outer part of the upper surface of hand ; secondary keels generally
distinct and well developed, sometimes weak ; operculum much
broader than long, completely cleft longitudinally.

Measurement* in Millimetres of lan/ext male. Total length 84;
greatest length of carapace 12f, width llf ; distance of eyes from
anterior margin 9 ; width of hand 9f ; length of hand-back 7i, of
movable finger 14, of tail 47 ; width of first caudal segment 6,
of fifth 4i, of vesicle 4i.

According to Kraepelin, who examined the type specimens of
latimaiiKs and cairns, these two species differ solely in the possession
by the latter of well-developed secondary keels on the hands and a
fine granulation on the anterior part of the interocular area. Since
both these characters often occur in the females of latimanus, I am
compelled to consider calviis as synonymous with latimanus.

Pocock :;: records latimanus from the Murchison Range, Transvaal,

* Ann. Mag. N. H. (G) xvii., p. -238.

Species of Opistkophthalm'us. 161

but from the position of the eyes, the reddish coloration, and other
characters of his specimens, I am inclined to think they are merely
specimens of glabrifrons with the last abdominal sternite smoother
than usual.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS PUGXAX, Thorell,

0. pnijnax, Thor., Atti Soc. ital., xix., p. 232, 1S77, 3 ; Kraepelin,
Eev. d. Skorp., ii., p. 105, 1894, 3 5 .

0. curt as, Thor., loc. cit., p. 234, $ .

Area of Distribution. Transvaal; also, according to Pocock,
Natal, Basutoland and the south-eastern part of Cape Colony.

I have seen 7 ad. males and 2 ad. females of this species (some of
them kindly lent by the Pretoria Museum). The granulation on the
under surface of the last abdominal and anterior caudal segments
appears to be the principal character which distinguishes this species
from its allies (see Synoptic Table). The interocular area is rather
uneven in both sexes, and in the female finely granular anteriorly or
free of granules for the greater part in the male finely granular
throughout or smooth on the convexites behind, very much as in
latimanas, the granulation being finer than in macer. In the male
the inferior median crests of first caudal segment are either separate
or the space between them is more or less filled up with coarse
granulation. The terminal tarsi of the posterior legs have 2 or 1
external spines below. No. of pectinal teeth in $ 10-12, in 3
14-15.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS GLABRIFKONS, Pet.

0. glabrifrons, Peters, Monatsber. Berl. Akad., 1861, p. 514 (I have
not seen this work); Kraepelin, Eevis. d. Skorp. ii., p. 104, in:
Jahrb. Hamb. \viss. Anst., xi., 1, 1894.

O. Iceviceps, Thorell, Atti. Soc. ital., xix., p. 228, 1877 3 (teste
Kraepelin) .

0. prcedo, Thorell, ibid., p. 230 3 ; Kraepelin, loc. cit., p. 107,
1894, 3

Area of Distribution. Griqualand West (Cape Col.), Bechuanaland,
Mashunaland as far north as the Zambezi (Pocock), Transvaal.

1 have examined the following specimens :

(a) 2 ad. 3 and 3 2 (2 ad.) from the Transvaal (kindly lent me by
the Pretoria Museum) : No. of pect. teeth in 5 13-16, in $ 18-19 ;
length of carapace in ad. 5 17^-18^- mm., in ad. $ 16-16^ mm. ;
distance of eyes from anterior margin 2-2i times their distance

162 Annals of the South African Museum.

from hind margin ; interocular area smooth and polished, granular
only near anterior margin in both sexes ; finger-keel granular ;
mesial part of last abdominal sternite in 5 slightly roughened with
very weak granulation. Colour reddish. Large specimens (length
of largest $ and $? 112 mm.).

(b) 1 ad. 5 (dry) labelled " Kimberley " (A. Tucker) : No. of pect.
teeth 13 ; length of carapace 15 mm. ; median eyes, finger-keel,
sterna and interocular area as in (a) above. Large specimen.

(c) 1 ad. $ (dry) from Kanga, near Mafeking, Bechuanaland
(Miss M. Good): No. of pect. teeth 17; length of carapace
114; mm. ; finger-keel and median eyes as in (a) above ; interocular
area minutely granular in anterior half. Smaller (total length
75 mm.).

(d) 2 ad. $ from Mazoe, Mashunaland (./. Ffolliot Darliny) : No.
of pect. teeth 15-17 ; length of carapace 10-10-f mm. ; finger-keel
nearly smooth in distal part for ^-4- of its length ; interocular area
very finely granular, smooth only on the convexities behind ; eyes
as in (a). A dwarf form (total length of largest specimen only
67 mm.).

(c) 2 ad. $ and 2 $ (1 ad.) from the Transvaal (kindly lent by the
Pretoria Museum) : No. of pect. teeth in $ 11-12, in $ 13-15 ;
length of carapace in ad. 5 12-124; mm., in ad. J 10 mm. ; distance
of eyes from anterior margin 2! -2-^ times their distance from
posterior margin ; finger-keel in the J smooth in the distal half but
granular in the proximal half, in the female either nearly smooth
throughout or almost entirely granular ; secondary keels of hand in
$ partially distinct, granular ; interocular area almost entirely
smooth and polished in both sexes. In the female a large portion of
the upper surface of the hand (the inner basal portion) is almost
smooth, being covered only with low, anastomosing elevations instead
of isolated granules ; segments 1-4 of sterna in the $ minutely
granulated and finely wrinkled in the mesial parts ; the inferior
median crests of the four anterior caudal segments quite obliterated
in the 3- by the dense granulation of the under surface ; posterior
tarsi with one or no external spine on the under side. Bather small
specimens (length of $ and $ 74 mm., S. A. Mus. Reg. No. 3745).

(/) 4 ad. 5 and 3 ad. $ from the Transvaal (kindly lent by the
Pretoria Museum) : No. of pect. teeth in $ 14-15, in $ 15-19 ;
length of carapace in ? 13|-15A- mm., in $ 13-13^ mm.; eyes
farther back than in any of the preceding specimens, their distance
from front margin of carapace 2r to nearly three times their distance
from hind margin ; finger-keel nearly smooth, rarely, in the $ , the

Species of Opisthophthalmiis. 163

proximal half granular ; interocular area in 5 entirely smooth or
with a few minute granules anteriorly, in $ finely granular through-
out, except quite posteriorly on the convexities ; last abdominal
sternite in 2 coarsely granular in the middle. In the $ the terga,
at least the anterior ones, are more or less granular, while the hands
are almost devoid of isolated granules on the inner basal portion of
the upper surface, resembling those of the previous specimens (e).
Secondary keels of hands in $ often very distinct and almost
smooth. Tarsi with 0-1 external spines below in addition to the
four on the outer terminal lobe (as in glabrifrons generally). Colour
of the lighter parts more ochraceous than reddish. Large, up to
101 mm. in length. Although these specimens differ remarkably from
the normal forms, I cannot consider them other than a well-marked
variety of the widely distributed and variable ylabrifrons. The
position of the median eyes is very liable to vary in local races
generally, while both in this character and in the smoothness of the
finger-keel this form is strongly approached by the previous speci-
mens (under (e) above), which are intermediate between the normal
form and the specimens here under consideration. The remaining
differences are of no specific value. (S. A. M. Reg. No. 2999).

The form described by Thorell as 0. prcedo evidently closely
resembles the form (/) but differs in having the finger-keel granulated
as in the normal glabrifrons. The type specimen has been elabo-
rately described by Thorell and again quite recently by Kraepelin.
I cannot, however, discover from their descriptions a single reason for
separating this form from glabrifrons, although Kraepelin seems to
think it more nearly related to pugnax. The characters which these
authors appear to rely upon for separating prcedo from glabrifrons
are the finely granular interocular area, the fewer pectinal teeth
(14-15) and the stronger secondary crests of the hands in the
former form. The position of the median eyes is also farther back,
as in the form (/) above, and the hands are slightly narrower. Now
it is quite impossible to utilise these characters alone for separating
the species from glabrifrons, and unless prcedo possesses other and
more reliable differential characters than those enumerated which
is highly improbable, for they would have been mentioned it must
be considered merely as a variety of glabrifrons, intermediate
between the normal form and the form (/').

The granulation of the first four abdominal sternites in the $
varies much. In the males described under (/) all these sternites
are much roughened, also in the mesial part, being densely and
transversely wrinkled ; the four sternites may be almost entirely

12

164 Annah of the South African Museum.

devoid of granules in the mesial parts, or the fine wrinkles may he
crenulated or even split up into granules in places in the posterior
segments, and in one specimen the granules predominate in the third
and fourth sternites, are plentiful in the second, and there are even
a few in the first sternite. In the ad. $ mentioned under (e) above
the sterna are equally weakly granular and finely wrinkled in the
mesial part of each of the first four segments. In the remaining
<? specimens the first four abdominal sternites vary as above,
excepting that the first is often almost smooth, and always devoid
of granules in my specimens. In one ad. 3 specimen all the
sternites, including the fifth, are entirely devoid of granules in the
mesial part, being transversely furrowed instead.

The length of the carapace in the ad. $ is either equal to that of
the first two caudal segments, or it somewhat exceeds the latter.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS CRASSIMANUS, n. sp.
Adult Females from Jackalswater (recently killed, in S2)irits).

Colour. Brownish yellow or yellowish brown ; carapace uni-
coloured or the interocular area slightly paler ; the anterior part of
each tergal segment, the distal portion of the mandibles and the
vicinity of each group of eyes on the carapace blackened or olive-
green ; the granules on the crests of the palps and on the upper
surface of the hands reddish brown or nearly black ; anterior caudal
segments and last abdominal segment with four longitudinal black
stripes on lower surface ; fourth caudal segment olivaceous or
blackened below and at the sides, generally with pale patches
between the keels ; fifth caudal segment blackened or olivaceous on
all sides, with numerous small pale spots between the keels ; vesicle
infuscate, with two pairs of pale longitudinal stripes ; maxillary pro-
cesses of second pair of legs somewhat infuscate along its median
half ; legs pale yellow, their anterior surface brownish in the middle ;
fingers of palps reddish brown or nearly black.

Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal
segment and three-fourths of the third ; the greater part of the upper
surface perfectly smooth and shiny from the anterior to the posterior
margin, only the deflected lateral parts, and occasionally also the
median groove, finely and often very sparsely granular, without any
coarse granulation along the lateral borders of the interocular area ;
length of carapace 3J-3^ times the distance of median eyes from the
posterior edge ; median groove widened just in front of the median

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 165

eye-tubercle, not forked anteriorly (rarely with a partially developed
fork).

Terfja smooth and shiny, the last segment granular at the sides.

Sterna. The fifth segment with low transverse granules in the
middle, the third and fourth segments often with traces of a weak
granulation in the middle, the sternal segments otherwise smooth
and shiny.

Cauda weak and very short, being only 2f times as long as the
carapace ; its upper surface smooth, or with a few granules in seg-
ment 1 ; upper crests weak, almost smooth, rarely weakly granular,
terminating posteriorly with an enlarged tooth in segments 2-4,
obsolete (rarely normally developed) in segment 5 ; upper lateral
crests nearly smooth or weakly granular, absent from posterior part
of fifth segment; inferior lateral keels weakly granular or nearly
obsolete in segments 1 and 2, weak and nearly smooth in segment 3,
granular in segment 4, serrated in segment 5 ; infero-median keels
replaced by coarse, broadly transverse granules (similar to those on
the last sternite) in segments 1 and 2, coarsely or weakly granular,
often scarcely defined, in segments 3 and 4, serrated in segment 5 ;
sides of the cauda smooth or nearly so between the keels ; ventral
surface of fifth and generally also of fourth segment coarsely granular
between the crests ; vesicle distinctly granular at the base below for
about !-^ of its length.

Palps very like those of 0. ijranifrons ; crests of the humerus
coarsely granular, the anterior upper crest not well defined, the
upper and anterior surfaces granular, the under surface with a few
coarse granules near posterior edge ; upper crest of brachium
weakly or coarsely granular, posterior surface of brachium
coarsely granular on lower half, more weakly granular or nearly
smooth on upper half ; hands very broad and robust with short
fingers, cordate at base, strongly convex above ; whole upper surface
of hands covered with coarse granules, those nearer the inner edge
being flatter and broader, those nearer the outer edge more conical ;
finger-keel very \veak, composed of a row of larger black granules ;
the three secondary keels of the upper surface obsolete or nearly so,
generally indicated by rows of blacker, sometimes slightly enlarged,
granules ; inner edge of hand sharply granular in the distal part.

Legs. Anterior surface of posterior femora finely granular ; lower
edge of femora coarsely granular ; tarsi of fourth pair of legs with
3-5 internal and no external spines below, in addition to the o
internal and 3 external spines on the terminal lobes ; tarsi of third
pair of legs \vith 3-4 internal and no (very rarely 1) external spines

166 Annals of the South African Museum.

below, in addition to the 5 internal and 4 (rarely 3) external spines
on the terminal lobes ; superior process much shorter than the lateral

lobes.

Operculum much broader than long, emarginate behind but not

cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with the scape rounded at base behind and free of teeth
for about two-fifths of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 88; length of cara-
pace 14 ; width of carapace 13 ; distance of eyes from anterior edge
9 ; width of hand 12f ; length of hand-back 8, of movable finger 11,
of tail 35 ; width of first caudal segment 5, of fifth caudal seg-
ment 3f.

Adult Males (recently hilled, in spirits}.

Differential characters :

Carapace as long as the first and second caudal segments and
about one-fourth of the third, its upper surface sometimes with a few
very minute granules before and behind the median eye-tubercle.

Ten/a roughened with exceedingly fine granulation, the seventh
segment coarsely granular at the sides.

Sterna. All the segments very coarsely granular, especially in
the middle, often smooth at the anterior lateral angles in front of
the spiracles, the granules transverse and coarsest in the mesial part
of the last segment.

Cauda moderately stout, all the crests, especially those on the
under surface, coarsely granular, the under surface of first two seg-
ments very coarsely granular, like the last sternal segment.

Hands paler in colour, robust, strongly convex above, longer and
narrower than in the female, the granulation on the inner part of
upper surface more conical ; breadth of hand considerably exceeding
the length of hand-back.

Operculnm much broader than long, completely cleft longi-
tudinally.

Pectines with the scape rounded at the base behind, and free of
teeth for nearly one-fourth of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 85 ; length of carapace
13 ; width of carapace 12i ; distance of eyes from anterior edge 9 ;
width of hand 10| ; length of hand-back 8, of movable finger 13^,
of tail 43 ; width of first caudal segment 54-, of fifth caudal seg-
ment 4.

Localities. (a] Types: 33 ? (22 ad.) and 6 J (3 ad.) from
Jackalswater, Namaqualand Div. (midway between Steinkopf and

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 167

Henkries) : No. of pect. teeth in 5 13-16, in $ 19-23; length of
carapace in largest ad. ? 14^ mm., in the adult $ 12^-13 mm.
(The ad. females are not easily distinguishable from the nearly adult
ones in this species.)

(b) 9 ? (1 ad.) and 7 3 (1 ad.) from Grasmond, Namaqualand
(midway between Steinkopf and Jackalswater) : No. of pect. teeth in
$ 13-17, in $ 19-23 ; length of carapace in ad. $ 12^ mm., in ad.
$ 13 mm. In these and in the type specimens there are no lamel-
late modified hairs on the inner side of basal mandibular joint.

Far. /3. Mr. Schlechter also collected a number of other speci-
mens, differing slightly from the type, chiefly in the much larger
size (length of carapace in ad. $ 16^-17f mm., in J up to 18^- mm.),
and in the relatively narrower hands (width of hand in ad. $
often scarcely exceeding length of hand-back. Lamelliform modified
hairs very often present on inner side of basal mandibular joint.
Specimens were collected at the following localities, all in Great
Bushmanland :

(a) Aggeneys, Great Bushmanland, Namaqualand Div. (M.
Schlechter).

(b) 6 ad. $ and many young from Gams, Great Bushmanland,
Namaqualand Div. (Max Schlechter] : Length of carapace in largest

$ 17 mm. ; tarsi of fourth pair of legs occasionally, though rarely,
with 4 spines on the external terminal lobe.

(c) 2 ad. $ , about 7 ad. ? , and numerous young from Kykgat,
Great Bushmanland, Namaqualand Div. (Max Schlechter) : Length of
carapace in largest ? 18 mm., in ad. $ 16J- ITj mm.

((/) 10 ad. ? and many young from Houmoed, Great Bushman-
land, Kenhardt Div. (Max Schlechter] : Length of carapace in largest
$ 18-J mm. ; third tarsus in one specimen with only 3 spines on
external lobe.

(c) 6 ad. ? , 2 ad. 3 and many young from Rooibank, Great
Bushmanland, Kenhardt Div. (Max Schlechter) : Length of carapace
in ad. $ 17-17f mm., in 5 up to 18 mm. ; fourth tarsus very rarely
with 4 spines on the external lobe. I append the measurements of
the two largest specimens : Adult female. Total length 113 ; length
of carapace 17, width 17 ; distance of eyes from anterior edge llf ;
width of hand 16i ; length of hand-back 12, of movable finger 16f ,
of tail 49 ; width of first caudal segment 6, of fifth 4i. Adult male.
Total length 115 ; length of carapace 17f , width 17 ; distance of eyes
from anterior edge llf ; width of hand 12f ; length of hand-back
llf , of movable finger 22^-, of tail 59 ; width of first caudal segment
7, of fifth 51.

168 Annals of tlic South African Museum.

(/) De Neus, Great Bushmanland, Kenhardt Div. (M. Sc/tlccJitcr).

Notwithstanding the absence of the forked groove and of the coarse
granulation on the carapace, this species is nearer to 0. granifrons
than to any other. The palps, the pectines, the armature of the
terminal tarsi, and the granulation of the cauda and sterna are very
similar in both species. 0. (frani/rons was also found, though in
much fewer numbers, in some of the localities where 0. crass/inanus
occurs (at Grasmond and Jackals water).

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS LOXGICAUDA, n. sp.

Adult Males (recently killed, in spirits).

Colour. Carapace and cauda ochraceous ; vesicle, legs, and palps
pale-yellow ; fingers, mandibles, and terga dark olive-green or black ;
sterna dark or pale.

Carapace rather depressed, slightly longer than broad, consider-
ably shorter than the first two caudal segments taken together ;
anterior margin truncated, not emarginate in the middle ; median
groove widened into a shallow depression in front of the eye-tubercle,
not forked anteriorly ; sides of the carapace, even at the posterior
angles, coarsely granular, especially along the borders of the inter-
ocular area ; interocular area for the greater part nearly smooth,
sparsely granular or smooth anteriorly ; length of carapace about
four and a half times the distance of median eyes from the hind
margin ; distance of these eyes from anterior edge 3-3A- times their
distance from hind edge.

Terga densely granular, coarsely so at the sides, especially in the
last segment.

Sterna coarsely, densely, and evenly granular over the whole sur-
face, the granules on the last segment larger than those on the
anterior ones and often conical ; no traces of keels.

Cauda strong and very long, four and a half times as long as the
carapace ; upper surface nearly smooth, sparsely granular in segment
1 ; upper crests coarsely granular, the terminal tooth enlarged in
segments 2-4 ; upper lateral crests coarsely granular, terminating
posteriorly in the middle of fifth segment ; infero-lateral keels
coarsely granular ; infero-median keels obsolete in the anterior
segments, granular in the posterior ones ; under surface of cauda
densely and coarsely granular in segments 1 and 2, sparsely granular
between the keels in segments 3-5 ; sides of the cauda coarsely
granular between the keels in segments 1 and 2, sparsely so or
nearly smooth in segments 3-5 ; vesicular segment much shorter

es of Opisthophthalmus. 169

and broader than the fifth caudal segment, smooth ; fifth caudal
segment (measured along the side) somewhat longer than or equal
to the carapace. (In the male of 0. karrooensis the cauda is less
than four times the length of the carapace, and the fifth caudal seg-
ment is considerably shorter than the carapace, and at least not
longer than the vesicular segment.)

Palps. Humerus shorter than the carapace (in 0. karrooensis it
is somewhat longer) ; all the crests of the humerus coarsely granular,
its upper surface very coarsely granular in the posterior part, nearly
smooth in the anterior part, anterior surface flat, with a few very
coarse and some small granules and with very strongly defined
upper and lower crests, under surface smooth. Upper crest of
brachium coarsely granular, upper surface more or less distinguish-
able and separated by a crest from posterior surface, the posterior
surface elevated crest-like along the middle with rows of coarse
granules. Hands pilose, very long and slender, the length of hand-
back much exceeding the breadth of hand ; inner part of upper
surface of hand flat, almost smooth, without traces of secondary
keels ; finger-keel strong, nearly smooth or weakly crenulated ;
inner edge of hand denticulate ; outer part of upper surface of hand
with a row of granules along the middle and another near the lower
edge, otherwise smooth ; the outer and inner parts of the upper.
surface of the hands are inclined almost at right angles to each other
(as in the male of 0. karrooensis').

Legs. Posterior femora minutely granular on anterior surface ;
lower edges of all the femora and the upper edges of the posterior
ones with a row of coarse granules ; tarsi of the last two pairs of legs
with 3-4 external and 5-7 internal spines below, in addition to the 4
(sometimes in last pair only 3) external and 5 internal spines on
the terminal lobes ; superior process much shorter than the lateral
lobes.

Operculum transverse, much broader than long, completely cleft
longitudinally.

Pectincs extending scarcely to the middle of the trochanters of the
fourth pair, and furnished with 18-21 teeth ; scape rounded at the
base behind and free of teeth for from ^ ^ of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 104; length of carapace
14f ; width of carapace 14 i ; distance of eyes from anterior margin
K}TT ; length of humerus 14 ; width of hand 8 ; length of hand-back
9, of movable finger 17-|, of tail 64^, of fifth caudal segment (measured
along the sides) 15, of vesicular segment 11-f ; width of first caudal
segment 5-|, of fifth caudal segment 4, of vesicle 5.

170 Annals of the South African Museum.

Adult Females (recently killed, in spirit*).

The female shows the following differential characters :

Carapace truncated or widely sinuate in front, scarcely shorter
than the first and second caudal segments (measured along the
sides).

Terga. Segments 1-6 smooth, granular only at the sides,
segment 7 smooth anteriorly.

Sterna smooth, finely granular only at the extreme lateral borders,
the last segment somewhat weakly granular, but much less densely
so than in the male.

Cauda scarcely weaker than in the male, long, 3f times as long as
the carapace ; infero-lateral keels almost smooth or weakly crenu-
lated in anterior segments ; granulation of the under surface of the
first two caudal segments like that of the last abdominal segment ;
fifth caudal segment very long, its length (measured along the side)
a little less than that of the carapace (by about 1-J-- 2 mm.) ; vesicle
very much shorter than the fifth segment.

In 0. karroocnsis the cauda is about 3-3^ times as long as the
carapace in the female, the fifth caudal segment is much shorter
than the carapace (by about 3 mm.), and the vesicle is distinctly
longer than the fifth segment.

Palps. Humerus much shorter and stouter, much shorter than
the fifth caudal segment (in karroocnsis the humerus is longer than
the fifth caudal segment). Hand less hairy, very stout, its width
considerably exceeding the length of hand-back ; the upper surface
strongly convex, not flattened, nearly smooth.

Opercnlum cordate, slightly broader than long, not cleft longitu-
dinally.

Pectincs extending a little beyond coxae, with 15-17 teeth, the
scape free of teeth at base for about % of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 120 ; length of carapace
16 J, width 16 ; distance of eyes from anterior margin 12 ; length of
humerus 12 ; width of hand 12 ; length of hand-back 9f , of movable
finger 16, of tail 63, of fifth caudal segment (measured along the
side) 15, of vesicular segment 12 ; width of first caudal segment 6^,
of fifth 41, of vesicle 5J.

Locality. (a) Types : 4 3 (3 ad.) and 5 $ (4 ad.) from Naroep,
Great Bushmanland (Max Sclilechter}.

Further localities are :

(b) 1 ad. 3 from AYortel, near Naroep (Max Schlechter).

(c) 1 juv. 3 from Hunitsamas, near Eamond's Drift on the Orange
River, Bushmanland.

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 171

This handsomely coloured species is very closely related to 0.
git/its iin d 0. karrooensis. In 0. longicauda the palps are relatively
shorter, while the cauda is relatively much longer than in 0. kar-
rooensis, the granulation on the carapace and especially on the terga
and sterna is coarser, the basal angle of the pectines is not rect-
angular in the male, and the vesicular segment is relatively much
shorter ; the lateral margins of the carapace are less parallel than in
karrooensis, converging towards the front as in gigas. But the main
difference lies in the hands of the female, which are flattened above
and as broad as the hand-back is long in karrooensis, but strongly
convex and much broader in longicauda. On the other hand, loiigi-
ca/ula and gigas resemble each other, and differ from karrooensis in
not possessing the series of wedge-shaped lamellae (Pocock's stridu-
lating organ) on the inner side of the basal joint of the mandibles.
In 0. gigas the hand of the female is also convex above, the carapace
narrowed in front, and the scape of the pectines not rectangular at
the base in the male. 0. gif/as is easily distinguished, however, by
its smooth abdominal sterna and the relatively shorter tail.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS PATTISONI, n. sp.

Female (recently killed, in s})irits).

Colour. Whole animal very dark reddish brown ; the posterior
(inner) surface of the legs, the under side of the palps, the vesicle,
the interocular area, and the inner part of the hand above somewhat
lighter ; the crests and fingers of the palps, the coarser granules on
the sides of the carapace, and the maxillary processes of the first
two pairs of legs black.

Carapace scarcely longer than wide, as long as the first two caudal
segments taken together ; its interocular area large, quite smooth
and polished, finely punctate ; sides of the carapace coarsely granular
only in the anterior half, in the posterior half the granules are much
less coarse, although still visible to the unaided eye, and there are
no very coarse granules bordering the sides of the interocular area
behind the middle of the carapace ; the area round the median eye-
tubercle nearly smooth ; distance of median eyes from posterior
margin contained 3 times in the total length of the carapace ;
anterior fork of median groove obsolete. ,

Terga finely granular at the sides, shiny, the anterior segments
finely punctate and smooth in the middle, the posterior ones finely
roughened in the middle, last segment coarsely granular at the sides.
a. All the segments smooth and polished, the last with a

172 Annals of tlic South African Museum.

weak keel and a shallow depression between this and the lateral
edge on each side behind.

Cauda long, its upper surface granular in the anterior segments,
smooth or nearly so in the posterior ones ; upper crests granular, the
terminal tooth not enlarged nor spiniform ; upper lateral crests well
developed, granular, absent from the posterior half of the fifth
segment ; infero-lateral and median crests distinct and smooth or
nearly so on the anterior segments, granular on the fourth, and
serrated on the fifth ; sides of the cauda minutely and sparsely
granular in the lower part, somewhat more coarsely so in the upper
part ; under surface smooth in segments 1 and 2, with a few minute
granules in segments 3 and 4, and rather coarsely granular in
segment 5 between the crests ; vesicle with a few minute granules
at the base below. Cauda four times the length of the carapace,
rather slender ; width of the first segment equal to its length along
the upper median line, width of the second segment considerably
less than the length along this line ; length of fifth segment con-
siderably exceeding the breadth of the hand.

Palps. Crests of the humerus, its upper, anterior, and lower
surfaces coarsely granular, the upper anterior crest strong, com-
posed of a row of coarse granules. Upper crest of brachium weakly
crenulated, nearly smooth in places ; the posterior surface roughened,
with several longitudinal, roughened crests. Hands broad, robust,
cordate at base ; inner part of upper surface moderately convex,
thickly covered with low, rounded, anastomosing, punctated eleva-
tions, and ornamented with a network of black pigment ; the
secondary keels represented by two black lines ; outer part of
upper surface of hands densely and coarsely granular, without
secondary keel ; finger-keel strong and smooth ; inner edge of
hand bluntly granular.

Legs. Anterior surface of femora minutely granular, lower edge
of three anterior femora more coarsely granular. Tarsi of the third
and fourth pair of legs with 1-2 external and 4-5 internal spines
below, in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal spines on the
terminal lobes ; these lobes scarcely or not much longer than the
well-developed superior process.

Operculum sub-triangular, much broader than long, emarginate
posteriorly, but not cleft, longitudinally.

Pcctines with 12 teeth (14 in the young female), scape rounded at
the base behind and free of teeth for about one-third of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres. Total length 90 ; length of carapace
12f ; width of carapace 12i ; distance of eyes from anterior margin 8 ;

of Opisthoplithalmus. 173

width of hand 10^ ; length of hand-back 74, of movable finger

of tail 50, of fifth caudal segment (measured along the sides) 12 ;

width of first caudal segment 5, of fifth caudal segment 34.

Male (recently killed, in spirits).

Differential characters :

Colour of the palps lighter.

Carapace considerably shorter than the first two caudal segments
taken together, the granulation of the sides less coarse, and the area
round the eye -tubercle rougher than in the female.

Tcrya not shiny, densely covered with an exceedingly minute
granulation, the last segment only with coarse granulation towards
the sides.

Sterna. Segments 1-4 minutely granular at the extreme lateral
borders, fifth segment scarcely roughened in the lateral part, smooth
in the middle.

Gaud a long, 4f times the length of the carapace, rather slender,
scarcely stouter than in the female ; width of first caudal segment
slightly less than its length along the upper median line ; length of
fifth segment considerably exceeding the length of carapace.

Palps. All the segments longer ; under side of humerus less
granular. Hands very pilose, much slenderer than in the female,
the fingers very long ; inner part of upper surface nearly flat, con-
cave distally, nearly smooth, the numerous elevations being scarcely
perceptibly raised, the secondary keels absent, except quite distally ;
inner edge of upper surface denticulate ; outer part of upper surface
of hand with some granules along the middle and alongside of lower
edge, otherwise nearly smooth ; breadth of hand equal to the length
of hand-back.

Operculum transverse, much broader than long, completely cleft
longitudinally.

Pectines with 1H teeth (17-18 in the young male), the scape
rectangular at base behind and therefore toothed along its whole
length.

Measurements in Millimetre*. Total length 89 ; length of carapace
11; width of carapace 11; distance of eyes from anterior edge 7-j ;
width of hand 7 ; length of hand-back 7, of movable finger 15,
of tail 54, of fifth caudal segment (along the side) 12^ ; width of
first caudal segment 5, of fifth caudal segment 34.

Locality. One adult and 1 young female, 1 adult and 1 young
male from the Sneeuwkop Mountain in the Cedarberg Eange, Clan-

174 Annuls of the South African Museum.

william Division, collected by Mr. E. Pattison, after whom I have
much pleasure in calling it.

This scorpion belongs to the group comprising fossor, chaperi,
macer, and intermedius. The granulation on the sides of the
carapace is intermediate in coarseness between the fine granulation
of macer on the one hand and the extremely coarse granulation
of fossor, chaperi, and intermedius on the other. The new species
appears to be most nearly related to intermedius, and agrees closely
in most points with Kraepeliii's description of the latter. The
proportions and structure of the hand appear to be the same, the
hand being relatively much narrower in both species than in fossor,
chaperi, or macer. The main differences between them appear
to be (1) the sides of the carapace are much less coarsely granular
in pattisoni than in intcrnicdi/is, (2) the tail is relatively much
longer in pattisoni, its length being 5 times the breadth of the
hand in the female and 7f times in the male, while in intermedium
it is only 4 times in the female and 6 times in the male. The
anterior tergal segments in the female are smooth in the middle
in pattisoni but finely granular in intermedius, and the legs are
nearly black in pattisoni but yellow in intermedius.

In the unusual length of the caudal segments 0. pattisoni closely
resembles 0. lonyicauda, although these two species do not appear
to be closely related.

The following South African species of Opistkophthalmus are
unknown to me, at least in the adult stage :

(1) 0. colcsboycitsls, Sim., Soc. Ent. Fr. (5), x., p. 388, 1880.
Colesberg, Cape Colony. Either identical with or closely related
to 0. austerus, Karsch.

(2) 0. inter i ned ins, Kraep., Eevis. d. Skorp., ii., p. 89, 1894.
Cape Colony (no exact locality recorded). Closely related to fossor
and chaperi, differing from the former in having yellow legs and no
secondary keels on the hands, and from the latter in the possession
of well-developed, smooth, inferior, median keels on the first caudal
segment. The proportions of the hands are those of pattisoni,
Pure.

(3) 0. nitidieeps, Pocock, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xvii., p. 243, 1896.
Port Elizabeth. The South African Museum possesses only a
single young specimen of this species (J. L. Dreye}.

(4) 0. breciceps, Poc., ibid., p. 244. No locality known. Ee-
sembles 0. ylabrifrons, from which it differs in having all the
abdominal sternites, including the first, thickly and uniformly

ies of Opisthophthahniis. 175

granular in the male ; the posterior tarsi, also, have 2 external
spines below.

Syno2)sis of the Species of OPISTHOPHTHALMUS
in the collection of the South African Museum.

A. Median groove of carapace with a well-developed Y-shaped fork in front.
enclosing the anterior median depression.

A 1 . Median eyes far forward, their distance from anterior margin not exceed-
ing 1J times their distance from posterior margin. Bushnianland (Cape
Colony), German South- West Africa, Rhodesia . . <? ? O. carinatus (Pet.).

B 1 . Median eyes farther back. (A synopsis of the species referred to here
has already been given on p. 30 of this volume.)

B. Median groove of carapace not distinctly forked (occasionally with a partially
developed fork) in front.

a. Median eyes situated almost in the middle of the carapace. Bushrnan-
land (Cape Colony), German South- West Africa. . <? ? 0. wahlbergi (Thor.).

b. Median eyes situated far behind the middle of the carapace.

a 1 . Superior terminal lobe of tarsus at least as long as the lateral lobes,
cylindrical and very thick, being several times as thick as the claws at
their base and provided with half a dozen long stout bristles. Anterior
surface of hurnerus very wide, almost as wide as the upper surface in
the middle. German South- West Africa . . ? 0. flavescens, Pure.

b 1 . Superior lobe of tarsus slender or short. Anterior surface of humerus
much narrower than the upper surface in the middle.

a-. Sides of the carapace coarsely granular, at least in the anterior
half.

s. Operculuui completely cleft longitudinally and provided with a
pair of stylets on upper surface behind. (Males.)

a 4 . Superior crests of cauda with enlarged terminal tooth in
segments 2-4. Length of hand-back considerably exceeding
the breadth of hand in adult.

a 5 . Scape of pectines rectangular at the base behind and
toothed along the whole posterior margin. Anterior
caudal and posterior abdominal segments finely and
densely granular below. Victoria West, Beaufort West,

Prince Albert, and Robertson Divisions

cT 0. karroocnsis, Pure-

b=. Scape of pectines obtuse or rounded at the base behind,
the hind margin free of teeth for some distance at the
base.

a 6 . Ventral surface of abdominal and anterior caudal
segments densely and coarsely granular. Bushman -
land (Cape Colony) . . . . 30. longicaudu, n. sp.

176 Annals of the South African Mime inn.

b 6 . Ventral surface of abdominal and anterior caudal
segments smooth or covered with exceedingly minute
scattered granules. Bushmanland (Cape Colony),
German South-West Africa . . 3 O. gigas, Pure.

b 4 . Superior crests of cauda with the terminal spine not
enlarged. Length of hand-back sub-equal to. or less than
the breadth of hand in adult.

a 7 . Sides of carapace coarsely granular only on the anterior
half. Tail very long, the width of segment 1 slightly
exceeding (sub-equal to) its length along the upper

median line. Clanwilliam Division

cf O. pattisoni, n. sp.

li~. Sides of carapace very coarsely granular as far back as
the posterior transverse depressions. Tail stouter and
shorter, the width of segment 1 considerably exceeding
its length along the upper median line.

a 8 . First caudal segment densely and rather finely
granular below, the median crests obsolete. Secondary
crests of hands obsolete on inner part of the upper
surface. Robertson and Worcester Divisions . .

$ 0. cliaperi, Sim.

b 8 . First caudal segment with well-developed median
crests, separated by a groove. Secondary crests of
hands distinctly raised. Tulbagh and Worcester
Divisions <? O. fossor, Pure.

b 3 . Operculum fused to a single piece along median line, without
stylets. (Females.)

a?. Superior crests of cauda with enlarged terminal tooth in
segments 2-4. Breadth of hand 1-li times the length of
hand-back in the adult, the upper surface almost smooth.

a 10 . Hands flattened above. Scape of pectines free of teeth
at base behind for about two-sevenths of its length.
Tail shorter, the length of segment 2 along upper median
line sub-equal to its width . . ? O. harroocnsis, Pure.

6 1 ". Hands convex above. Scape of pectines free of teeth at
base behind for about one-third of its length. Tail
longer, the length of segment 2 along upper median line
at least one-fourth longer than the width.

a' 1 . Anterior caudal segments granular below

? 0. longicauda, n. sp.

6". Anterior caudal segments smooth below

? 0. gigas, Pure.

b 9 . Superior crests of cauda with the terminal tooth not enlarged.
Breadth of hand l-2 times the length of hand-back in the
adult, the upper surface covered with low, broad, anasto-
mosing tubercles.

Species of Opisthoplitlialmiis. 177

a 1 -. Sides of carapace coarsely granular only in the anterior
half. Tail long, the width of segment 1 sub-equal to its
length along tipper median line . . ? O. pattisoni, n. sp.

b 1 -. Sides of carapace very coarsely granular as far back as
the posterior transverse depressions. Tail stouter and
shorter, the width of segment 1 much exceeding its
length along upper median line.

a 1 ^. Inferior median keels obsolete in first caudal seg-
ment. Secondary keels on inner part of upper
surface of hands obsolete, indicated only by black
lines ? 0. chapcri, Sim.

fe'\ Inferior median ki'els well developed, separated by
a distinct groove. Secondary keels of hands dis-
tinctly raised ? 0. fossor, Pure.

b 2 . Sides of the carapace finely granular, the granules near the lateral
borders of the interocular area not much coarser than those else-
where.

fl, 14 ? : Hand much depressed, its width not or scarcely exceeding
the length of brachium along upper side ; 3 : Length of
hand-back considerably exceeding breadth of hand. Ter-
minal tooth of superior caudal crests enlarged and spiniform.

Worcester and Sutherland Divisions

$ ? 0. austcrus, Karsch.

b' 4 ? : Hand convex above and very wide, its width much exceeding
the length of brachium along upper side ; <? : Length of
hand-back less than the breadth of hand in adult.

a 15 . Tarsi of 4th leg with 3 (very rarely 4) spines on the
external terminal lobe and no external spines on the
under side ; tarsi of 3rd leg with no (very rarely 1)
external spine on the under side and 4 (very rarely 3)
on the external terminal lobe ; the superior terminal
process of the tarsi very small, much shorter than the
lateral lobes. Upper caudal crests with an enlarged
terminal tooth in segments '2-4. Little and Great
Bushmanland <? ? crassimanus, n. sp.

i'5. Tarsi of 3rd and 4th legs with 4 spines on the external
terminal lobe and 1-3 (sometimes in glabrifrons)
external spines on the under side as well, the superior
process well developed, as long as the lateral lobes
(rarely shorter). Terminal tooth of upper caudal crests
not enlarged.

a 16 . Operculum completely cleft longitudinally and pro-
vided with a pair of stylets on upper surface behind.
(Males.)

a 1 ?. Inferior median crests of segments 1 and 2 and
often also of segments 3 and 4 of cauda dis-
tinctly defined only on the lateral side, the
space between them being not grooved but filled

178 Annals of the South African Museum.

up and thickly covered with numerous, close-
set, coarse granules. Terminal tarsi of last 2
pairs of legs with 0-1 (very rarely 2) external
spines below, in addition to the 4 on the outer
terminal lobe. Upper surface of hand densely
covered with not very coarse granules, which
are mostly more conical and isolated. Last
abdominal segment below very densely graimlar
(about 18-30 irregular transverse rows may be
roughly counted between anterior and posterior
margins in the mesial part), sometimes the
mesial part merely roughened with numerous
transverse furrows and pits. North-east of
Cape Colony, Bechuanaland, Transvaal,
Rhodesia <? 0. ylabrifrons, Pet.

b 1 '. Inferior median crests of first 4 caudal seg.
merits very distinct (the space between them in
segment 1 sometimes filled up with coarse
granulation in pugna.r). Tarsi of last 2 pairs
of legs with 1-2 external spines below in
addition to the 4 on the outer terminal lobe.
Granulation of upper surface of hand much
coarser (at least in proportion to the size of the
hand).

a 18 . Inferior median keels of I. caudal segment
composed of a series of (5-10 coarse or very
coarse granules, the space between the
keels sometimes filled up with equally
coarse granulation, rendering the crests
indistinct. Ventral surface of last abdo-
minal segment coarsely or very coarsely
granular (about 6-12 irregular transverse
rows may be roughly counted between
anterior and posterior margins in the
mesial part). East of Cape Colony, Natal

(teste Pocock), Transvaal

<? 0. piiqnax, Thor.

Inferior median keels of I. caudal segment
smooth, crenulated or granular, the
granules then more numerous. Mesial
part of last abdominal segment smooth or
finely roughened, or covered with fine and
much more numerous granules.

r/". Upper surface of carapace densely
granular, the granules on the inter-
ocular area generally as well formed
and as large as those on the sides and
coarser than those at the hind angles
(the interocular area sometimes nearly
smooth on the convexities behind and

Species of Opisthoplithalmus. 179

the sides with coarser gramilation).
Inferior caudal keels quite smooth in an-
terior segments, not granular, at most
interrupted by pits. Ventral surface
of last abdominal segment smooth in
the middle, rarely very finely granular.
(Hands more or less yellow, with 4
black very strong keels above.) Southern
Divisions of Cape Colony, Zululand
(Pocock) <? O. maccr, Thor.

6 1 '. Interocular area partly or wholly
covered with the finest dust-like granu-
lation, which is not coarser than that
at the hind angles of carapace. In-
ferior keels in anterior caudal segments
more or less granular. Ventral sur-
face of last abdominal segment finely
granular in the middle. (Hands almost
black above, with strong or weak
secondary keels.) Albany Division . .
3 0. latimanns, C. Koch.

6' 6 . Operculum fused to a single piece along median
line, without stylets. (Females.}

a-. Inferior median crests of segment 1 and gene-
rally also of segments 2-4 of cauda distinctly
defined only on the lateral side, the space
between them being more or less filled up and
covered with a number of coarse or weak
granules. Tarsi as in j (see under r ?).
Secondary crests of hand quite obsolete (except
quite distally). Ventral surface of last abdo-
minal segment either densely and coarsely
granular, or the granulation weak or nearly
(sometimes quite ?) obsolete in the mesial part

? 0. glabrifrons, Pet.

b-. Inferior median crests of cauda distinctly
defined, the space between them in segment 1
not filled up with numerous granules (in pug-
nax there may be a couple of very coarse
granules between the crests in segment 1).
Tarsi as in 3 (see under b'?). Secondary
crests of hand mostly well developed.

a- 1 . Inferior median keels of 1st caudal seg-
ment composed of a series of 6-10 very
coarse granules. Ventral surface of last
abdominal segment with very coarse granu-
lation. (If the whole surface be granular,
not more than about 10 irregular trans-
verse rows can be roughly counted between
the anterior and posterior margins in the
mesial part) . . . . ? 0. puynax, Thor.

13

180

Annals of the South African Museum.

b" 1 . Inferior median keels of 1st caudal seg-
ment smooth or somewhat crenulate, but
not composed of coarse granules.

a--. Granulation of carapace as in g (see
under a 19 ). Ventral surface of last
abdominal segment smooth and
polished, at least in the mesial part,
where it is never coarsely roughened.
Inferior median crests of anterior
caudal segments quite smooth. (Hands
more or less yellow, with 4 distinct
black keels above) . . ? O. macer, Thor.

b". Granulation of carapace as in c? (see
under 6' 9 ) or the carapace quite
smooth. Ventral surface of last ab-
dominal segment more or less rough-
ened with coarse pits or coarse irregular
elevations (sometimes smooth in the
middle). Inferior median crests of
anterior caudal segments smooth or
weakly crenulated. (Hands almost
black above.) ? 0. latimanus, G. Koch.

INDEX

to the South African species of OpistliopliUKilmns, referred to in this paper.
(The thick type denotes the page on which the species referred to is
separately treated. Synonyms are in italics. Synopsis not included.)

PAGE

i, Thor 141, 142

ater, Pure 134, 137, 143

austerus, Karsch. ...138, 155, 174

breviceps, Poc 138, 174

calvus, L. Koch 159, 160

capensis (Herbst) 137, 146, 147, 150

capensis, Koch 158, 159

carinatus (Pet.) 135, 136, 141

chaperi, Sim. 133,136,138,156,174

colesbergensis, Sim 174

crassimanus, n. sp. 134, 135, 137,

138, 145, 164

<-/trtt(s, Thor 161

fallax, Thor 158

flavescens, Pure 138

fossor, Pure. ...133, 138, 157, 174

furcatus (Sim.) 141

fascines, Pure. 134, 137, 146, 147,

148, 149

gigas, Pure. 133, 134, 138, 154, 171
glabrifrons, Pet. 133, 135, 136, 138,

161, 174

granicauda, Pure. ...135, 137, 143
granifrons, Poc. 137, 144, 147, 150,

151. 165, 168

PARK

Jiistrio, Thor 141

intermedius, Kraep 138, 174

ktUTooensis, Pure. ...133, 135, 136,
138, 152, 153, 169, 170, 171

la-rid-ps, Thor 161

laticauda, Pure 137

latimanus, Koch 133, 138, 159, 161

Intro, Thor 147, 148

leipolclti, Pure. 137, 145, 146, 150
longicauda, n. sp. 134, 138, 168, 174

macer, Thor. ...133, 136, 138, 158,

161, 174
mnxiUosus, Koch 148

nitidiceps, Poc 174

pallidipes, Koch 134, 135, 137, 151

pattisoni, n. sp 138, 171, 174

peringueyi, Pure. ...134, 137, 153

pictus, Kraep 136, 137, 151

jrilosus, Koch 147, 148

preedo, Thor 161, 163

pugnax, Thor 138, 161, 163

schlechteri, Pure. ...134, 137, 142

wahlbergi (Thor.) 132, 133, 138, 139,

142, 14.->

(181)

VI. Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. By W. L.
SCLATEE, M.A., Director of the South African Museum.

THIS list of the South African Eodents has been drawn up for a book
on which I am now engaged, on the South African Mammals, and it
seemed worth while publishing it as a preliminary to the greater and
more complete work.

The genera are arranged according to the list recently drawn up by
Mr. Thomas (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1896, p. 1012), and I have also made
use of the new edition of Trouessart's Catalogue of Mammals, which
has enabled me to trace a good many obscure references.

The synonymy is not complete ; only the more important references
are given, and more especially to publications directly bearing on
South African forms.

The descriptions and measurements are as far as possible based on
specimens preserved in the South African Museum, and where a
species is not represented in the collections, on the original descrip-
tion ; the dimensions are in inches and decimals of an inch in
all cases.

No complete list of South African Mammals, much less of Eodents,
has appeared since 1832 and 1833, when Smuts published his
' Enumeratio Marnmalium Gapensium,' and Andrew Smith his
descriptive catalogue, the latter in the South African Quarterly
Journal ; a catalogue of this sort, therefore, cannot fail to be useful
to naturalists in South Africa, whatever its shortcomings.

For these I must ask the pardon of my fellow-workers ; but few
realise the difficulties of working at a distance of 6,000 miles from
Europe, with imperfect libraries and not a very abundant material.

All I can do is to hope that this list may be the foundation for a
great deal of future work on this subject, which has been so strangely
neglected for so many years.

182 Annals of the South African Museum.

The limits which I have somewhat arbitrarily fixed as the
boundaries of South Africa are the Cunene Eiver, dividing German
South-West Africa from Angola on the west and the Zambesi Eiver
on the east, so that my territory includes the British colonies of the
Cape of Good Hope and Natal, the South African Eepublic and the
Orange Free State, Bechuanaland and Rhodesia, German South-
West Africa, and that portion of Portuguese East Africa which lies
south of the Zambesi.

It is highly probable that a considerable number of new forms
remain to be discovered within this region : in the last few years a
good many have been described by Mr. Thomas and by Mr. de
Winton, especially from Ehodesia. The total number of species
mentioned in this paper are 62 ; of these 44 are represented in the
South African Museum ; 18 are still wanting. In the following list
only one new species is described : Malacothrix pentonyx, on p. 202.

FAMILY SCIUEIDAE.

GEN. XEEUS.

Xerus, HEMPEICH and EHRENBERG, Symb. Phys., i. (1832).

Type X. rutilus.

Fur harsh, often spiny ; external ears short or absent ; no cheek
pouches ; fore limbs with four toes, all clawed, of which the two
middle ones are considerably larger than the others, and a rudi-
mentary pollex with a flat nail ; hind foot with five toes all clawed,
all the claws long and nearly straight ; skull large and broad, with
very small postorbital processes.

Dentition. i. 1/1 c. 0/0 p.m., 2/1 or 1/1 m. 3/3 == 20 or 22.
Molars semi-hypsodont (i.e., with high crowns) and lophodont (i.e.,
with regular transverse ridges and valleys), not tubercular.

XERUS CAPENSIS, THE GROUND SQUIRREL.

Sciurus capensis, KERR, Linn. Anim. Kingd., p. 266 (1792) ; A.
SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 127 (1834).

Sciurus namaquensis, LICHTENSTEIN, Cat. Eer. Nat., p. 2 (1793).
Sciurus levaillantii, KUHL, Beitr. Zool, p. 67 (1820).
Sciurus sctosus, SMUTS, Enum. Mamm. Cap., p. 33 (1832).
Xerus sctosus, LAYARD, Cat. Mamm. S. Afr. Mus., p. 47 (1862).

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 183

Xertis capensts, JENTINK, Notes Leyd. Mus., iv., p. 48 (1882) ;
NOAK, Zool. Jahrb., iv., p. 131, pi. iii., fig. 10 (skull), (1889) [Kalahari
and Damaraland] .

Description. General colour above and on the sides pale rufous
brown, sparingly speckled with black, the hairs being short, coarse,
and close-lying ; a narrow white stripe runs from the shoulders to
the haunches, below dull white ; skin black ; head broad ; whiskers
black ; eyes large and prominent with a dull whitish line above and
below ; ear conch completely absent, the ear being a narrow diagonal
slit, half an inch in length ; limbs somewhat paler than the body,
with four claws on the fore and five on the hind feet, the thumb being
shorter and bearing a rudimentary flat nail ; the claws are large,
nearly straight, and black in colour ; tail a little shorter than the
head and body, near the root coloured like the body, beyond very
bushy and distichous, mixed black and white, the individual hairs
being chiefly white with two distinct black bands.

Skull with the bony palate extending a quarter of an inch beyond
the level of the posterior molars, nasals broad and zygornatic arches
stout.

Incisors white, premolars 1/1 only.

Dimensions (from a skin). Head and body ll'O ; tail 9 - 0, with
terminal hairs lO'O ; hind foot 2 - 33 ; from ear-opening to nose 2'0 ;
skull length about 2*0, breadth about 1-40 ; upper cheek teeth '49.

Distribution. -The central and drier parts of the Colony, extend-
ing northwards through the Kalahari and Bechuanaland to Matabele-
land and Damaraland ; not found far to the eastwards ; the South
African Museum possesses examples from Namaqualand, Colesberg,
and Griqualand West in the Colony.

GEN. FUNISCIURUS.

Funisciurus (sub-genus), TROUESSABT, LeNatur., i., p. 290 (1880).
Type F. lemniscatus.

Paraxerus (sub-genus), FOESYTH MAJOK, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 189
(1893). Type F. ccpapi.

Fur soft, never spiny ; external ears well developed ; no cheek
pouches ; toes as in Xerus, but the claws short and curved; skull
much as in Xerus, with very small postorbital processes ; dentition
as in Xerus.

Mr. Forsyth Major, in his paper on Squirrels, quoted above, placed
the three South African squirrels, together with certain other African

184 Annals of the Sou t It African Museum.

and Asiatic species, in the genus Xerus, in consequence of their
resemblance to the members of that genus in certain characters of
the molars and skull.

If, however, it is necessary to separate these squirrels from the old
genus Sciurus, it seems better, as proposed by Mr. Thomas, to form
a quite new genus for them , as the old genus Xerus is a very compact
group separated from Sciiirns by very definite though perhaps some-
what superficial characters.

FUNISCIUEUS CIPAPI, THE GREY-FOOTED SQUIRREL.

ns cipapi, A. SMITH, App. Eeport Exped. Explor. S. Africa,
p. 43 (1836); ID., Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mamm., pi. v. (1849);
LAYARD, Cat. Mamm. S. Afr. Mus., p. 46 (1862) ; JENTINK, Notes
Leyd. Mus., iv., p. 26 (1882); LORENTZ, Ann. k.k. Hofmus. Wien,
ix. notiz., p. 65 (1894) [Limpopo Eiver Banks] ; DE WINTON, Ann.
Mag. N. H. (6), xix., p. 573 (1897).

Description. General colour speckled yellowish grey and black ;
fur short, soft, and close, most of the hairs on the back and sides,
black at the base and also ringed subterminally with the same colour,
below from the chin much paler, nearly white, and hairs not ringed ;
whiskers black ; iris black ; ears oval and moderate, measuring about
7 in. in length, covered with sparse hairs ; limbs paler than the
back with quite short curved claws ; tail nearly as long as the head
and body, bushy, and very dark, composed of long pale yellow
hairs, each with a double ring of black ; skull with the palate extend-
ing only as far as the level of the posterior molars ; upper incisors
orange-coloured, ungrooved, premolars 2/1, the anterior upper ones
small, molars somewhat resembling those of Xcrus capensis.

Dimensions (from the skin of a female). Head and body 8'50 ;
tail 6-50 without, 7'75 with terminal hairs ; hind foot 1*72 ; from ear
to nose 1*53 ; skull length about 1'70, breadth 1-0; upper cheek
teeth -28.

Distribution. This species was first obtained by Sir Andrew Smith
on the banks of the Limpopo Eiver, in what is now the Eustenberg
district of the Transvaal ; it is also recorded from Damaraland and
the Zambesi Eiver ; north of this it has been obtained from Nyassa-
land, but the squirrels from East Africa usually identified with this
species have recently been shown by de Winton to be referable to
other species.

Type of the species now in the British Museum.

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 185

FUNISCIURUS PALLIATUS, THE EED-HEAUED SQUIRREL.

Sciurus palliatus, PETERS, M. B. Akad. Berlin, p. 273 (1852) ; ID.,
Reise Mozamb. Saugeth., p. 134, pi. xxxi., fig. 1, pi. xxxii., fig. 3
(1852) ; JENTINK, Notes Leyd. Mus., iv., p. 16 (1882).

Sciurus ornatus, GRAY, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 13, pi. i. (1864) [Natal] .

Description. General colour above and on the outsides of the limbs
speckled yellow and black, the hairs black at the base and subter-
minally with intermediate reddish -yellow bands and paler yellow
tips ; head speckled rufous and black ; below throughout, including
the cheeks, chin, inside and lower halves of the limbs bright rufous,
the hairs being the same colour throughout ; tail dark rufous with
long hairs which are very pale at the base with two black rings
following, the terminal half alone being dark rufous ; whiskers black ;
eyes dark brown ; ears in the only specimen examined nearly bare
of hairs, though said in the original description to be thickly covered.

Incisors smooth and dark orange ; premolars 2/1, the anterior
upper one small and deciduous.

Dimensions (from a skin). Head and body 8'25 ; tail without
terminal hairs 4-50, with 6-50; hind foot 1-80; from ear to nose
1-75; skull length (about) 1-90, breadth 1-20; upper cheek teeth '40.

Distribution. East and South Africa from Gallaland through
German East Africa, Nyassaland and Mozambique to Zululand
and perhaps Natal ; the South African Museum possesses a skin
from the Umgoye Forest in Zululand.

The type described by Peters from Mozambique is now in the
Berlin Museum.

FUNISCIURUS CONGICUS, THE WESTERN STRIPED SQUIRREL.

Sciurus congicus, KUHL, Beitr. Zool., p. 66(1820) ; JENTINK, Notes
Leyd. Mus., iv., p. 33 (1882) (in part) ; THOMAS, Proc. Zool. Sqc.,
p. 265 (1882) [Cunene River] .

Description. General colour above yellowish brown, brighter on
the shoulders, below very pale yellow ; hairs of the back black at the
base and many of them with black tips ; along the sides from the
shoulder to the hind limbs runs a narrow pale yellow stripe, below
which is a similar dark one ; an incomplete white ring round the
eye ; ears moderate, whiskers black ; limbs pale, toes covered with
long hairs nearly concealing the claws, tail a little shorter than the
head and body, bushy, composed of long hairs which are bright
yellow with a subterniinal pale yellow band.

186 Annals of the South African Museum.

Anterior upper premolars present ; incisors orange-coloured and
not grooved.

Dimensions (from a skin). Head and body 7'75 ; tail without
terminal hairs 5'75, with 6'25 ; hind foot 1*5 ; from ear-opening
to nose 1'4 ; skull length 1'42, breadth -90 ; upper cheek teeth '30.

Distribution. West and South- West Africa from the Congo
through Angola to Ovampoland ; there is an example obtained by
Mr. Eriksson from Ombanga in Ovampoland in the South African
Museum.

FAMILY GLIEID^E.
GEN. GEAPHIUEUS.

Graphiunts, F. CUVIER et GEOFFROY, Hist. Nat. Mam., livr. 60
(1829). Type G. ocularis.

Tail very bushy and somewhat distichous.

Dentition. i. 1/1, c. 0/0, p.m. 1/1, m. 3/3 = 20; incisors not
grooved ; molars rooted, exceedingly small, especially the premolar,
which is about half the width of the other teeth ; the crowns of the
molars are hollowed out, the rims being formed of a ridge of enamel ;
scarcely any traces of infoldings can be distinguished.

This genus is confined to the Ethiopian region ; the smaller species
were formerly placed in the genus Eliomys, of which the Garden
Dormouse of Europe (E. melananis) is the type, but they are now
considered to be more appropriately assigned to the present genus
originally formed for the reception of the large Grey Dormouse of
South Africa.

In addition to the species below described some half-dozen have
been recorded from other parts of Africa.

GRAPHIURUS OCULARIS, THE LARGE GREY DORMOUSE.

Sciurus ocularis, A. SMITH, Zool. Journ., iv., p. 439 (May, 1829).

GrapJiiurus capensis, F. CUVIER et GEOFFROY, Hist. Nat. Mam.,
livr. 60 (September, 1829) ; SMUTS, Enurn. Mam. Cap., p. 32 (1832) ;
A. SMITH, Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mam., pi. xxxix. (1849); LAYARD,
Cat. Mam. S. Afr. Mus., p. 49 (1862); EEUVENS, Myoxidae, p. 50,
pi. i., fig. 13, pi. iii., fig. 14 (1890); LORENTZ, Ann. k.k. Hofmus.
Wien, ix. notiz, p. 65 (1894) [Marico Disk, Z.A.E.] .

Myoxus cattoirii, FISCHER, Synop. Mamm., p. 310 (1829).

Graphiurus typicus, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 145
(1834).

Descriptive List of the, Rodents of South Africa. 187

(.rrapliiurus elcyans, OGILBY, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 5 (1838)
[Damaraland] .

Graphiurus ocular is, DE WINTON, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), ii., p. 3
(1898).

Description. General colour ashy grey, fur soft and thick, dark
slaty at the base, dull white mixed with black at the apex ; patch on
the snout and chin, white with a reddish tinge ; cheeks, a patch in
front of the shoulder, and a spot on the head at the base of the
inner angle of the ear conch, white, a black patch runs from the root
of the whiskers through the eye and is continued along the front of
the ear ; ears large, rounded, nearly naked but thinly covered round
the margin with fine black hairs ; under surface from the chest
downwards and the sides between the limbs dull white, the slaty
bases of the fur showing clearly ; extremities very slender, tail rather
short, bushy throughout and distichous, white mixed with black
above, black below, the individual hairs above being black for their
basal and white for their terminal halves.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen). Head and body 6'30 ;
tail 3 '85 ; with terminal hairs 4-90 ; from ear-opening to tip of
snout 1-14; hind foot -83; skull length 1-34, breadth -78; upper
cheek teeth -14.

Distribution. This large dormouse seems to be confined to South
Africa, where it is widely distributed in suitable localities ; the South
African Museum possesses examples from Clanwilliam, Ceres, and
Worcester in the west, and from Colesberg, Albany, and Uniondale
in the east of the Colony ; it is further recorded from Darnaraland
and the Marico district of the Transvaal.

The type described by Smith from Plettensbergs Bay (Knysna
district of the Colony) is now in the British Museum.

GRAPHIURUS MURINUS, THE CAPE DORMOUSE.

Myoxus murinus, DESMAREST, Mamm. Suppl., p. 542 (1820) ;
SMUTS, Enum. Mamm. Cap., p. 34 (1832) ; A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart.
Journ., ii., p. 146 (1834) ; PETERS, Eeise Mozamb. Saugeth., p. 136,
pi. xxxv., fig. 1 (1852) ; LAYARD, Cat. Mamm. S. Afr. Mus., p. 48
(1862).

Myoxus conpci, F. CUVIER, Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. xxxvii. (1822)
[Senegal] .

Myoxus lalandianus, SCHINZ, Thierreich, iv., p. 393 (1825).

Myoxus erythrobroncJuis, A. SMITH, Zool. Journ., iv., p. 438 (1829).

Myoxus cinerascens, EUPPELL, Mus. Senck., iii., p. 136 (1842)
[Natal] .

188 Annals of the South African Museum.

Graphiurus murinus, ALSTON, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 317 (1875)
[rufous var.] .

Eliomys murinus, KEUVENS, Myoxidae, p. 40, pi. i., figs. 4, 6, 7,
pi. ii., fig. 9, pi. iii., figs. 5, 6, 7 (1890).

Eliomys microtis, NOAK, Zool. Jahrb., ii., p. 248 (1887).

Description. General colour above mouse-grey, the hair very soft
and thick, dark slaty at the base with ashy brown tips ; below, includ-
ing the cheeks, chin, and insides of the limbs, dull white, these hairs
too being slaty at the base ; in some adult specimens the chin, cheeks,
and breast have a distinct rusty red tinge ; feet very slender, covered
with sparse pale hairs and furnished below with the usual pads, five
to the fore and six to the hind limbs ; from the root of the whiskers
to the eyes, and round these, a dark ring, not always well marked,
extends ; the ears fairly large, rounded, and nearly naked ; tail almost
as long as the head and body, bushy, covered with long hairs which
become much longer towards the apex, but the hairs are fairly
evenly distributed, so that the tail can hardly be called distichous, its
colour is the same as that of the back, the hairs being unicolorous
throughout ; four pairs of mammae, one pair axillary, one pectoral,
two inguinal.

Varieties having a general rufous tinge sometimes occur.

Dimensions (from a skin). Head and body 4-1 ; tail without
terminal hairs 2'77, with 3'55 ; hind foot '65 ; from ear-opening
to nose '95; skull length 1-10, breadth '63 ; upper cheek teeth '15.

Distribution. Western and Central Africa from Senegal and
Kilimanjaro southwards to Cape Colony ; in South Africa the
Dormouse is found in the more wooded districts, especially in the
east. The South African Museum possesses examples from the
Beaufort West, George, Port Elizabeth, and Kimberley districts,
from Pondoland, Natal, and Zululand.

The type obtained by Delalande in Cape Colony and described by
Desmarest is now in the Paris Museum.

GEAPHIUEUS PLATYOPS, DARLING'S DORMOUSE.

Grapliiurus platyorjs, THOMAS, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xix., p. 388
(1897).

Description. In external appearance closely resembling G.
murinus, but a little larger, and with the tail distinctly white
tipped.

Skull very different from G. murimts, being broad and flat, with
long nasals, narrow interorbital region, and broad and depressed

Descriptice List of the Rodents of South Africa. 189

brain case ; the molars are rather smaller than those of the other
species.

This form appears to he doubtfully distinct from G. murinus.

Dimension;) (of the type Thomas). Head and body 4'20 ; tail
2-75 ; hind foot -90 ; skull length 1'05, breadth -68 ; upper cheek
teeth -12.

Distribution. The type and only specimen known was obtained
at Enkeldorn, in Mashonaland, by Mr. J. ffolliott-Darling, and is
now in the British Museum.

GRAPHIURUS NANUS, THE DWARF DORMOUSE.

Myoxus (Eliomys) nan its, DE WINTOX, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 799
(1896).

Description. Smaller than G. ntiiriinis, general colour rather
more ashy, the wood-brown tinge being much less evident, below
dull white ; a black patch on the face extending from the whisker
roots to round the eyes ; tail club-shaped, very slender at the base
and bushy at the apex, of the same colour as the body above, below
somewhat paler ; tip of the tail distinctly white.

Skull like that of G inuriniis, but smaller.

Dimensions (of a specimen measured in the flesh by Mr. Marshall,
now in the South African Museum). Head and body 3 '30 (of dried
skin 3'52) ; tail without hairs 2'55, with 3 - 12 ; hind foot '60;
from ear-opening to tip of nose '85 ; skull length -80, breadth -51 ;
upper cheek teeth -12.

Distribution. This species was recently described by Mr. de
Winton from a single specimen obtained at Mazoe, in Mashonaland,
by Mr. J. ffolliott-Darling, now in the British Museum. The South
African Museum has recently received a male and two young ones
from Salisbury, presented by Mr. G. A. K. Marshall.

GRAPHIURUS KELLENI, THE DAMARALAND DORMOUSE.

Eliomys keUcni, EEUVENS, Myoxidae, p. 35, pi. i., fig. 1, pi. iii.,
tig. 3 (1890).

Description. Closely resembling G. naniis in size and colora-
tion, but the tips of the hairs on the body above have pale rings
with dark brown tips. It is doubtfully distinct from its ally.

Dimensions (of the type Eeuvens). Head and body 2-50 ; tail
with hairs 3'38, without 2-62 ; hind foot -62 ; skull length -70,
breadth -48 ; upper cheek teeth -12.

Distribution. This species is described from a single specimen

190 Annals of the South African Museum.

preserved in alcohol in the Leyden Museum, obtained in Damaraland
by M. Kellen, and is not represented in the South African Museum
collections.

FAMILY MUEIDAE.

SUB-FAMILY GBEBILLINAE.

GEN. GERBILLUS.

Gerbillus, DESMAREST, N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. (l),xxiv., tabl., p. 22
(1804). Type G. aegyptim.

Rat-like animals with somewhat pointed muzzles and moderate-
sized ears, sparsely covered with hairs : tail long, hairy, and usually
slightly tufted ; hind feet elongated, with four rounded tar sal pads ;
skull with large and swollen bullae ; upper incisors grooved (in
all South African species) ; molars at first tubercular, but after wear
consisting of a series of transverse or elliptical laminae ; the anterior
tooth in each jaw consisting of three, the middle of two, the posterior
of one only.

This genus is a very large one, and spread over the greater part
of the Old World, and has been studied in considerable detail by
Lataste ; the South African species, however, are in a good deal of
confusion, which cannot well be rectified until a re-examination of
the old types and a comparison of them with freshly collected
material has taken place.

A recent paper by Mr. de Winton has thrown some light on the
subject ; he recognises four species as existing in South Africa : of
these, three are closely allied and difficult to distinguish ; the fourth,
G. 2)aeba, is considerably smaller and of a rather different colour.

GERBILLUS PAEBA, THE BED GERBILLK.

Gerbillus paeba, A. SMITH, App. Eeport Exped. Explor. S. Afr.,
p. 43 (1836) ; DE WINTON, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), ii., p. 3 (1898).

Gerbillus tennis, A. SMITH, Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mamm., pi. xxxvi.,
fig. 2 (1849) ; THOMAS, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 265 (1882) [Damaraland] .

? Gerbillus tenuis, var. schinzi, NOAK, Zool. Jahrb., iv., p. 134,
pi. iii., figs. 13-16 (1889).

? Meriones (Eliombomys} caffcr, WAGNER, Arch. f. Naturg., i., p. 18
(1842) ; id., SCHREBER, Saugeth. Suppl., iii., p. 482 (1843).

Description. General colour above pale reddish orange, rather
darker along the back owing to brown pencilling ; bases of the fur

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 191

dull lavender-purple ; below and insides of the limbs pure white ;
ears moderately long and oval ; tail slender, cylindrical, and tapering,
clothed with short, stiff hairs of the same colour as the back,
ending in a thin umber-brown tuft.

Upper incisors pale Dutch-orange with a median longitudinal
furrow, lower incisors pale straw-yellow, slender and long (Smith).

Dimensions. Head and body 4-0 ; tail 4 - 50 ; length of upper
molars '2.

Distribution. The types procured by Sir A. Smith were found
north of Latakoo, in what is now Bechuanaland, and are in the
British Museum. Thomas and Noak have identified Gerbilles from
Damaraland and the Kalahari with this species, and de Winton
mentions Namaqualand and the Transvaal as localities. There are
no examples in the South African Museum.

GERBILLUS AFER, THE CAPE GERBILLE.

Gcrbillus afcr, GRAY, Spicileg. Zool., p. 10 (1828) ; A. SMITH,
S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 159 (1834) ; F. CUVIER, Trans. Zool. Soc.,
ii., p. 143, pi. xxvi., figs. 5, 9 (1836) ; A. SMITH, Illustr. Zool. S. Afr.
Marnm., pi. xxxv. (1849) ; LAYARD, Cat. Mamm. S. Afr. Mus., p. 51
(1862) ; DE WINTON, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 800 (1896) [Rhodesia] ; ID.,
Ann. Mag. N.H. (7), i., p. 4 (1898).

Meriones schlegelii, SMUTS, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 41, pi. i., pi. iii.,
figs. 1, 5 (1832) [Port Elizabeth] .

Description. General colour fawn brown, darker owing to the
intermixture of black hairs on the back, lighter on the sides ; fur soft
and thick, pale slaty at the base, the tips lightish brown ; below from
the chin backwards pure white, the fur being the same colour
throughout ; head rather pointed, ears oval and large, sparsely
covered with fine bi'own hairs ; front limbs short, brown outside,
white inside and on the hands, with four pale yellow or white claws
and five prominent carpal pads ; hind limbs long, the tarsus and toes
especially so, the latter covered with white hairs, the three middle
toes much the longest and the first the shortest, all with long, pale
claws; there are four tarsal pads, the one at the base of the first digit
being smaller than the others ; tail about as long as the head and
body, fairly thickly covered with stiff hairs, brown above, pale below.

Upper incisors yellow, with a prominent, well-marked groove run-
ning along slightly nearer the outer than the inner edge of the tooth ;
lower incisors the same colour and ungrooved.

Dimensions (of a specimen in alcohol). Head and body 5'0 ; tail

192 Annals of the South African Museum.

5%50 ; from ear-opening to tip of snout 1-45; hind foot 1*50, with
middle claw 1-63. An example from Mashonaland measured in the
flesh by Mr. Darling is given by de Winton as follows : Head and
body 5-93 ; tail 6'30 ; hind foot 1-25 ; skull length 1-45, breadth
about -86 ; length of upper molars -27.

Varieties and Synonym//. The above description is drawn up from
examples both stuffed and preserved in alcohol from the immediate
neighbourhood of Cape Town.

Another Gerbille from Mazoe, presented by Mr. Darling, ap-
parently identical with specimens from the same place and donor,
described by Mr. de Winton (v.s.) differs from these in several parti-
culars, of which the following are the most important :

The hind foot is shorter, being 1-15 in. in length as against 1 - 50 in
the Cape Colony specimens, the difference is not so much in the
tarsus itself as in the length of the three middle toes.

The tail of the Mashonaland example has the scales faintly spotted
with brown, there are no traces of these spots in the Colony speci-
mens ; further, the tail is much darker above and ends in a slight
black tuft, whereas the tail of the Colony species is not darker at
the tip.

In the Mazoe animal the claws of both fore and hind limbs are
shorter and very dark, almost black in colour, and finally the general
colour of the animal is very much darker than in the Cape
examples.

Another skin in the South African Museum, in a very bad state of
preservation, from Kimberley, is, although of the same size as the
typical G. afer, of a very different colour it is of a bright reddish
orange and accords very well, as far as the colour is concerned, with
G. paeba but it is much larger than that species as described by Smith.

Distribution. The Cape Gerbille is not uncommon in the neigh-
bourhood of Cape Town and is recorded by Smuts from Port Eliza-
beth ; it is probably found all over the Colony, and, if Mr. de Winton's
identification is correct, extends northwards to Mashonaland.

GERBILLUS BKANTSII, BRANTS' GERBILLE.

GerbiHiis brantsii, A. SMITH, Eeport Exped. Explor. S. Afr., p. 48
(1836) ; DE WINTON, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), i, p. 4 (1898).

Gerbillus montaniis, A. SMITH, Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mamm., pi.
xxxvi., fig. 1 (1849).

Mcrioncs (Rhombomys) maccalinus, SUNDEVALL, Oefvers. Akad.
Forh. Stockholm (1846), p. 120 (1847).

Descriptive List of the, Rodents of South Africa. 193

Description. General colour above light rufous-brown, freely
pencilled with darker brown, paler on the sides, below dull white ;
head short and somewhat bulky posteriorly ; nose-tip black-brown ;
ears oval, thinly covered with hairs ; tarsi ashy brown grey ; toes
shorter than in G. afer ; tail reddish brown above, with blackish hairs
intermixed, a little shorter than the head and body.

Incisors above Dutch-orange, below white, much larger than in
G. afer, and distance between them and the molars less (Smith).

Dimensions. Head and body 6'0 ; tail 5'0 (Smith).

Distribution. Sir A. Smith's specimens were obtained near the
sources of the Orange and Caledon Eivers in what is now Basuto-
land ; the type of M. maccalinus, was collected by Wahlberg in the
Maccali ( == Magaliesberg) Mountains in the Rustenberg district of
the Transvaal. It is also recorded from the Transvaal by Mr. de
Winton. There are no examples in the South African Museum.

GEEBILLUS LOBENGULAE, LOBENGULA'S GERBILLE.

Gerbillns leucogaster, apud DE WINTON, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 806
(1896) (nee Peters).

Gerbillns lobcnynlac, DE WINTON, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), i., p. 4
(1898).

Description. General colour above pale fawn, finely grizzled with
dull black along the back, pure along the sides ; below pure white,
the two colours abruptly separated ; in other external characters
resembling G. afer.

Skull with a narrow facial portion across the nasals and maxillae
between the infraorbital foramina.

First upper molar persistently cuspidate, the second lobe being
divided into a pair of cusps outer and inner in fairly adult specimens
(de Winton).

Dimensions. --Head and body 5'30 ; tail 6'30 ; hind foot 1'33
(de Winton).

Distribution. This form was obtained by Mr. F. C. Selous, at
Essex Vale, near Bulawayo, and was first identified by Mr. de
Winton with G. leucogaster of Peters, and subsequently considered
to be a distinct species ; the type and only other known examples
are in the British Museum.

GEN. PACHYUEOMYS.

Pachyuromys, LATASTE, Le Naturalists, i., p. 314 (1880). Type P.
duprasi.

194 Annals of tlic South African Museum.

This genus contains animals allied to the Gerbilles, distinguished
by their short tails and their peculiarly shaped skulls in which the
tympanic bulla is enormously swollen and enlarged so that it projects
back behind the level of the occipital condyles and can be seen at
the two posterior angles of the skull when viewed from above. The
antorbital plate is not nearly so well developed as in Gerbilles.

The incisors are very slender and pale and marked with an
inconspicuous furrow ; the molars are much reduced in size as
compared with those of Gcrbillus.

Only two species are recognised in this genus the South African
one, below described, and P. duprasi, from North Africa.

PACHYUKOMYS AUEICULAEIS, THE NAMAQUALAND GERBILLE.

Gerbillus auricularis, A. SMITH, S. Air. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 160
(1834); ID., Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mamm., pi. xxvi. (1849); DE
WINTON, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), i., p. 5 (1898).

Gerbillus brevicaudatus, F. CUVIEK, Trans. Zool. Soc., ii., p. 144,
pi. xxvi., figs. 10, 13 [Skull] (1836).

Pacliyuromys auricularis, HUET, Le Naturaliste, i., p. 339 (1881) ;
THOMAS, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 265 (1882) [Damaraland] .

Description. Form short and thick ; general colour above tawny
brown, mottled and pencilled with dull black, the sides somewhat
lighter; fur slaty at the base, ochraceous yellow in the middle, and
dark brown at the tips ; sides of the muzzle, eyebrows, sides of the
head, beneath from the chin backwards, and fore legs pure white ;
tarsus covered below with white hairs and provided with a single
large somewhat complicated pad occupying the space between the
toes ; toes short, claws small and pale yellow in colour ; behind the
ear at the base a conspicuous white spot ; ears small, oval, and
flesh-coloured, a few white hairs on the inner surface ; tail short and
thick, covered with short, stiff hairs, above brown, beneath reddish
white.

Incisors pale yellow, the upper ones grooved rather faintly.

Dimensions (from a specimen in alcohol). Head and body 4'0 ;
tail 3-12 ; hind foot -86 ; from ear to nose-tip 1-12 ; skull, length 1-27,
breadth '80 ; upper cheek teeth -18.

Distribution. The original specimen, described by Smith, came
from the Karniesberg in Namaqualand ; it is also recorded from
Otjimbique, in Damaraland, and the neighbourhood of Kimberley ;
the South African Museum has recently received specimens from
near Douglas just north of the Orange River in Griqualand West.

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South, Africa. 195

SUB-FAMILY OTOMYINAE.

GEN. OTOMYS.

Otomys, F. CUVIER, Dents des Mamm., p. 168 (1825). Type 0.
irroratus.

Euryotis, BRANTS, Het Geslacht der Muizen, p. 93 (1827). Type
0. irroratus.

Eat-like animals with short tails, clad with bristles and scales ;
hind feet short and ears usually large ; skull with a moderate bulla
and an arched nasal profile, upper incisors grooved, molars composed
of a series of laminae of enamel united by cement, posterior molar of
upper and anterior molar of lower jaw the largest, the former con-
sisting of from four to nine lamellae.

The genus is a purely African one ; in addition to the South
African forms below described only one other species, 0. jacksoni,
from British East Africa, is known.

OTOMYS IRRORATUS, THE VLEY OTOMYS.

Euryotis irrorata, BRANTS, Het Geslacht der Muizen, p. 94
(1827); A. SMITH, Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mamm., pi. xxii. (1849);
GRILL, Victorin Zool. Anteck. K. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm, ii.,
p. 17 (1858) ; LAYARD, Cat. Mamm. S. Afr. Mus., p. 53 (1862).

Otomys bisulcatns, F. CUVIER, Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. 61 (1829).

Otomys irroratus, SMUTS, Enum. Mamm. Cap., p. 45 (1832); DE
WINTON, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 801 (1896) [Mashonaland] ; ID., Ann.
Mag. N. H. (7), i., p. 5 (1898).

Euryotis typicu.s, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 149 (1834).

Euryotis obscum, LICHTENSTEIN, Verzeichs. Saugeth. u. Vogeln
Kaffirland, p. 10 (1842).

Description. General colour above and on the sides dark speckled
brown, the bases of the fur rather pale slaty, the tips mingled pale
brown and black in varying proportions so that there are darker and
lighter individuals, below dirty white, the bases of the fur still slaty,
and the tips whitish ; ears large, rounded, about f inch in length and
breadth, anteriorly fairly well covered w r ith hair ; fore limbs short
and slender with five carpal pads, and a rudimentary first digit ; hind
foot short with six tarsal pads, of which the proximal one is some-
what elongated as in the true rats ; tail less than half the length of
the head and body, covered with short stiff bristles hardly showing
any tendency to form a tuft at the tip, black above, dirty-white below.
Nasal bones of the skull very much expanded in front.

14

196 Annals of the South African Museum.

Incisors much curved, very stout, about - 2 in. across the tips,
chrome-yellow, each with a deep, well-marked groove running its
length about one-third of the breadth of the whole tooth from the out-
side edge ; lower incisors also stout and chrome-yellow, strongly
grooved nearer the outer edge than those of the upper jaw ; the
molars consist of a series of parallel laminae of enamel, the number
of which to each tooth can be best expressed in the following formula
beginning with the anterior tooth : ^Tl^.

Dimensions (of a skin). Head and body 8'0 ; tail 3'25 ; hind foot
I'l ; from ear-opening to tip of nose 1'55. Of a specimen measured
in the flesh by Darling (cf. de Winton) ; head and body 7 - 75 ; tail
4 - 60 ; hind foot 1'12 ; skull, length 1'60, breath -85 ; upper cheek
teeth -40.

Variation. The Otomys varies a good deal in colour throughout
its range, and Mr. Thomas has shown that the specimens from East
Africa (Mianzini) and Nyassaland differ from those of the Cape
Colony in possessing an extra lamella to the posterior upper and
anterior lower molar, making the numbers 7 and 5, instead of 6 and
4, as in the typical variety ; in two skulls from Entafufu, in Pondo-
land, preserved in the South African Museum the lamella formulae
are 'llol-l an d jjEfErj'- The skins belonging to these two skulls do not
seem to differ in any very marked respect from the typical variety,
and they were both collected in the same locality about the same
time, so that until other evidence is forthcoming we may conclude
that variation in the number of molar lamellae is not of specific
importance.

Distribution. The Vley Otomys is found over a considerable
portion of Africa from Somaliland southwards through British East
Africa, German East Africa, Nyassaland, and Angola to South
Africa.

The first collector of this species was M. Delalande, whose speci-
mens were described by M. Cuvier under the name of the " Otomie
Namaquois," believing that they came from Namaqualand. The
South African Museum possesses examples from the neighbour-
hood of Cape Town, Bedford, Knysna and Pondoland, and from
Potchefstroom in the Transvaal, and it is also recorded from
Mashonaland by Mr. de Winton.

OTOMYS UNISULCATUS, THE BUSH OTOMYS.

Otomys unisulcatus, F. CUVIEK, Hist. Nat. Mam., livr. 60 (1829) ;
SMUTS, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 46 (1832) ; DE WINTON, Ann. Mag.
N. H (7), i., p. 5 (1898)

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 197

Euryotis unisulcatus, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 149
(1834); ID., Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mam., pi. xxiii. (1849).

Euryotis pallida, WAGNER, Archiv. Naturg., i., p. 134 (1841).

Otomys ruftfrons, WAGNEK, Schreber Saugeth. Suppl., iii., p. 507
(1843).

Description. General colour dark grey-brown, paler on the sides
and becoming a dirty white below, rather lighter in colour than
0. bisulcatus ; the fur is soft, dark slate at the base, and pale yellow
and black at the tips ; ears very large and rounded, measuring about
9 in., thickly covered with hair ; limbs and toe-pads much as in
0. bisulcatus ; tail less than half the length of the head and body
covered with short bristles, dark above, light below.

Skull with the superior and anterior edges of the perpendicular
plate of the antorbital foramina forming almost a right angle.

Upper incisors narrower than in the last species (about '15 in.
broad at their tips), paler, and with the groove much nearer the outer
edge ; lower incisors ungrooved ; formula of the molar laminae '^E^

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen). Head and body 8'25 ; tail
3 -50 ; hind foot 1'08 ; from ear-opening to tip of snout 1*55 ; skull
length 1-40, breadth -70 ; upper cheek teeth -34.

Distribution. To M. Delalande's collecting and M. Cuvier's
description we are also indebted for our first knowledge of this
species, and except for Sir A. Smith the animal seems to have
attracted little attention since ; the South African Museum possesses
examples from Garies in Namaqualand, Clanwilliam and Malmes-
bury, and from Touws River in the Worcester division, and Sir
A. Smith records his specimens from George.

OTOMYS BBANTSII, BRANTS' OTOMYS.

Euryotis brantsii, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 150
(1834) ; ID., Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mam., pi. xxiv. (1849).

Otomys brantsii, DE WINTON, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), i., p. 6 (1898).

Description. General colour yellowish brown, lighter on the sides
and below ; as in the other species the fur is slaty at the base, with
yellowish brown intermingled with less abundant black tips ; ears
markedly smaller than in the other two species, about half an inch
in length and breadth, fairly thickly clothed with hairs ; limbs some-
what stouter and broader than those of 0. unisulcatus ; tail thickly
clothed with somewhat stout yellow bristles with a dark dorsal band
more marked towards the tip, which is almost black ; two pairs of
mammae inguinal in position ; tarsal pads six, all circular.

198 Annals of the South African Museum.

Nasal bones not expanded, normal ; upper incisors moderate, the
groove well to the outer side of the tooth, the outer edge pale, almost
white ; lower incisors sometimes faintly grooved, generally smooth ;
formula of molar laminae :

Dimensions (from an example in spirit). Head and body 5'60 (of
a skin 7'0) ; tail 3'40 ; hind foot 1-15; from ear-opening to tip of
nose 1-60; skull length 1-50, breadth -75; cheek teeth -30.

Distribution. Namaqualand, Sir Andrew Smith's specimen came
from the neighbourhood of the Orange Eiver ; there are a con-
siderable number of examples in the South African Museum obtained
by Mr. Peringuey at Klipfontein, near O'okiep in Namaqualand.

SUB-FAMILY DENDKOMYINAE.
GEN. DENDEOMYS.

Dendromus, A. SMITH, Zool. Journ., iv., p. 438 (1829). Type
D. mesomelas.

Small, slender, mouse-like animals with long, scaly, and sparsely-
haired tails, rather large ears, and with slender limbs with the three
middle digits of each elongated. Skull with the infraorbital opening
triangular, hardly at all narrowed below.

Upper incisors grooved, molars small, the anterior upper one as
long as the second and third taken together ; the tubercles fairly
distinctly arranged in pairs.

DENDBOMYS MESOMELAS, THE CHESTNUT TREE MOUSE.

Mm mesomelas, BEANTS, Muizen, p. 122 (1827).

Dendromus typiis, A. SMITH, Zool. Journ., iv., p. 439 (1829).

Dendromys mesomelas, SMUTS, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 40 (1832).

Dcndromys typicus, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 158.
(1834) ; ID., Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mam., pi. xxxiv., fig. 1, pi. xxi., fig. 2
[skull and teeth] (1849).

Description. General colour chestnut-brown above, paler on the
sides, white with a rufous tinge below ; fur soft and thick, dark slaty
for the basal three-quarters, tips chestnut-brown ; head and snout
acutely pointed ; ears large, thinly covered with hairs, which are thicker
along the margin, so as to there give it a darker appearance ; fore
limbs short and slender, formed for grasping, the three middle fingers
elongated and the fifth much shorter, all clawed except the first ;,

Descriptive, List of the Rodents of South Africa. 199

hind limbs elongated and slender, toes long, all clawed except the
first, which has a flat nail ; tail as long or longer than the head and
body, slender, with rings formed of a series of scales, which are some-
what concealed by the numerous bristles, dark above, lighter below.
A black dorsal stripe from behind the head to the root of the tail is
sometimes present, but is not noticeable in the specimens on which the
above descriptions are founded.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen). Head and body 3-80 ; tail
(somewhat contracted), 3-80 ; hind foot '75 ; from ear-opening to tip
of nose -90.

Distribution. East and South Africa, from Gallaland through
Nyassaland to Cape Colony ; the type is said to have come from the
Sondags Eiver in Uitenhage ; the South African Museum possesses
examples from the immediate neighbourhood of Cape Town.

DENDROMYS PUMILIO, THE SMALL TREE MOUSE.
Dcndromys piimilio, WAGNER, Munch. Gelehrt. Anzeiger, xii.,
p. 437 (1841) ; MATCHIE, Saugeth. Deutsch Ost Afrika, p. 49 (1895).

Description. Smaller than D. mesomelas, and without the black
dorsal stripe ; reddish brown above, cheeks, lower side and feet
white ; tail longer than the head and body (Matchie) ; is very doubt-
fully distinct from D. mesomelas.

Dimensions. Head and body 2-38 ; tail 3'12 to 3'75.

Distribution. East and South Africa ; this tree mouse is recorded
from various parts of German East Africa, and was originally
described from Cape Colony. Unrepresented in the South African
Museum collections.

DENDROMYS MELANOTIS, THE GREY TREE MOUSE.

Dendromys mclanotis, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. Io8
(1834) ; ID., Illustr. S. Afr. Zool. Mam., pi. xlix., fig. 2, (1849) ; PISK,
Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 340 (1887) [habits].

Description. General colour above ashy grey with a slight tinge of
rufous, below dull white ; a well-marked black line from between the
shoulders to the root of the tail ; fur soft and thick, slaty at the base
as in the other species ; ears broad and patulous, larger than in
D. mesomelas, the tips dark, covered with sparse silvery white hairs,
a white spot on the side of the head at the base of the outer margin
of the conch ; fore limbs slender, only the three middle toes clawed,
the first and fifth inert- rudiments ; hind feet long and slender,

200 Annals of the South African Museum.

i/ /

especially the toes, of which only the three middle ones bear claws,
the fifth bears a flat nail, the first is represented only by a tubercle ;
the soles of the carpus and tarsus are without well-defined pads, but
covered with a series of closely set hemispherical swellings ; tail
longer than the head and body, covered with rings from which spring
short bristles, dark above, light below ; eight mammae, one pair
axillary, one pair pectoral, and two pairs inguinal.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen). Head and body 2'80 ; tail
3-0 ; hind foot -60 ; from ear-opening to tip of nose '65 ; skull,
length -80, breadth -40 ; upper cheek teeth -15.

Distribution. Sir A. Smith's type came from Durban ; the South
African Museum possesses examples from the suburbs of Cape Town ;
no other locality seems to be recorded, unless certain examples men-
tioned by M. Bocage from Angola are referable to this species.

GEN. STEATOMYS.

Steatomys, PETERS, Bericht Akad. Berlin, p. 258 (1846). Type
<S'. pratensis.

Small, short-tailed, mouse-like animals, always very plump owing
to the storage of fat all over the body, with no cheek pouches,
moderate ears, and short limbs.

Skull with the infraorbital opening not narrowed below.

Upper incisors grooved ; molars tuberculated, the tubercles
arranged in two rows, except in the case of the anterior upper
molar, whose median row consists of three, so that this tooth has
seven tubercles instead of eight, as in Mus.

This genus is also purely Ethiopian. Three other species have
been recently described from ^Yest and East Africa.

STEATOMYS PRATENSIS, THE FAT MOUSE.

Steatomys pratensis, PETERS, Bericht Akad. Berlin, p. 258 (1846) ;
THOMAS, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), x., p. 265 (1892); DE WINTON, Proc.
Zool. Soc., p. 805 (1896) [Mashonaland] .

Steatomys cdulis, PETERS, Pveise Mozamb. Saugeth, p. 163, pi.
xxxiv., fig. 2, pi. xxxv., fig. 11 (1852).

Steatomys krebsii, PETERS, ibid., p. 165, pi. xxxvi., fig. 3 (1852)
[Kaffraria] .

Description. Form stout and plump ; general colour dark rufous
above, lighter on the sides, white below ; fur very short and soft ;
snout short and pointed ; ears moderate, fairly well clothed with

Descriptive List of the Rodents of SoutJi Africa. 201

hairs ; limbs white, fore feet with four claws and a flat nail to the
first finger ; hind foot with five claws, shorter than those of the fore
limb ; tail short, hardly half the length of the body, brown above,
white below (Peters).

Dimensions (from Peters' description). Head and body 3-25 ;
tail 1-75 ; hind foot -60 ; skull length '79, breadth -47 ; upper
cheek teeth -13. From a specimen from Mashonaland, measured
in the flesh by Mr. Darling ; head and body 3 '77 ; tail 1/77 ; hind
foot '66.

Distribution. South-East Africa : Mozambique (whence came the
type), Mashonaland, Nyassaland, and "the interior of Kaffraria "
(probably meaning the Transvaal), whence came the type of S.
krebsi; the species is not represented in the South African Museum.

GEN. MALACOTHEIX.

Otomys, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 147 (1834) (nee
Cuvier). Type M. ty plena.

Malacothrix, WAGNER, Schreb. Siiugeth. Suppl., iii., p. 496 (1843).
Type N. typicus.

Small, short-tailed, mouse-like animals w T ith stout bodies, slender
limbs, and well-developed ears ; the tarsus and carpus are hairy to
the toe pads ; the skull is slender, the antorbital foramen is hardly
at all narrowed below, and the perpendicular plate is not well
developed.

The upper incisors are very strongly grooved towards their outer
edge, the lower ones ungrooved and rather paler ; the molars
resemble those of Steatomys, the anterior upper one with 7 cusps,
2 in the anterior and posterior row, and 3 in the median row,
the middle molar has 5, the front row 3, of which the innermost
is small and not w r ell developed, the back row 2, the posterior molar
has 2 small cusps only, side by side ; in the lower molars the cusps
are arranged in pairs.

This genus seems to come close to Steatomys, being distinguish-
able only by its very hairy tarsus.

Only the two species below described are included in it, as Otomys
albicaudatus of Smith must apparently be assigned to the Sygmo-
dont genus Mystromys.

MALACOTHRIX TYPICUS, THE MOUSE GERBILLE.
Otomys typicus, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 148 (1834) ;
LAYARD, Cat. Mam. S. Afr. Mus., p. 54 (1862).

202 Annals of the Soittli African Museum.

MalacotJirix tupicus, WAGNEE, Schreb. Saugeth., Suppl. iii., p.
498 (1843) ; DE WINTON, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), i., p. 8 (1898).

Description. General colour pale brown above, the fur long, soft,
and with dark slaty bases, below white also with slaty bases ; head
somewhat pointed, ears very large for the size of the animal,
measuring about -7 in. by -55 in., dark coloured, sparsely covered
with fine black and white hairs intermixed ; limbs slender, covered
with dull white hairs ; on the fore foot four toes clawed, the third and
fourth only slightly exceeding the second and fifth in length ; hind
foot with four toes only, the first or inner one being absent, all
clawed, the fifth slightly shorter than the others ; whole under sur-
face of the carpus and tarsus right up to the toe pads covered with
short, white, coarse hairs ; tail short, dark, and scaly, covered with
short, white, bristly hairs, and so appearing a dirty white.

Skull slender and much narrowed between the orbits, incisors
orange, and the upper ones deeply grooved.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen). Head and body 3'5 ;
tail 1'40 ; hind foot '70 ; from ear-opening to tip of snout I'O:
skull length -90, breadth -55 ; length of cheek teeth -19.

Distribution. Apparently confined to Cape Colony ; the species
was described by Sir A. Smith many years ago from specimens
obtained near Graaf Eeinet ; the above description is drawn up from
specimens in the South African Museum from Beaufort West and
Griqualand West.

MALACOTHRIX PENTONYX, sp. nov., THE SMALL-EARED
MOUSE GERBILLE.

Description. General colour above brown with a rufous tinge,
below including the upper lips and limbs pure white, the line of
demarcation being very marked; fur soft and thick, above with,
below without, slaty bases ; head acutely pointed, ears moderate,
markedly smaller than those of M. tijpicus, oval, about '45 by
30, covered internally with sparse whitish, externally with brown
hairs.

Limbs slender, proportioned much as in M. tjjpicus, the fore-
limbs with four clawed toes ; hind limbs with five toes, all with
well-marked claws, of which the inner (i.e., the first) is the shortest,
and the fifth slightly shorter than the other three ; tarsus hairy as in
the other species.

Tail short, a little darker above than below, covered with short,
stiff, bristle hairs.

List of the liodents of South Africa. 203

Skull with the interorbital region somewhat wider than in M.
typicus ; teeth as in the other species. *

Distribution. Western part of the Colony ; the types were
obtained on the Cape Flats near Cape Town, by Messrs. E. L.
Layard and M. Bishop.

SUB-FAMILY MUEIXAE.
GEN. MUS.

Mus, LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i., p. 79 (1766).

Animals with bodies covered with soft, sometimes spiny, fur,
with pointed muzzles, no cheek pouches and prominent eyes ; the
ears are nearly naked, the tail more than half the length of the body,
covered with scales arranged in rings, with usually a sparse covering
of short bristles ; pollex rudimentary with a flat nail, all the other
digits with claws ; palms with five, soles with six rounded or oval
pads.

Skull with the antorbital foramen usually forming a narrow slit
below, and the perpendicular plate which forms its outer wall well
developed ; palate compressed and the incisive foramina long.

Dentition the same as in all Muridac, i.e., i. 1/1, c. 0/0, p.m. 0/0,
m. 3/3 == 16. Incisors not grooved, usually rather narrow; molars
when unworn with a triple longitudinal row of tubercles, lower jaw
with a double row, when worn crossed by curved transverse bands
of enamel, marking the position of the tubercles.

This genus is the largest of the whole Mammalian class, con-
taining, according to Trouessart's list, 176 species, and doubtless
many still remain to be described.

They range all over the Old World, with the exception of
Madagascar, but are not found in the New except where intro-
duced by human agency.

The study of the South African species has been much neglected
since the time of Sir A. Smith, and it is very difficult to identify
some of his species owing to the fact that his descriptions are often
short and vague, and also that the types of those still in the British
Museum are all in a very bad state of preservation.

MUS DECUMANUS, THE NOEWAY OR BROWN EAT.

Mits decumaniis, PALLAS, nov. sp. Glir., p. 91 (1778); SMUTS,
Enum. Mamni. Cap., p. 35 (1832); LAYARD, Cat. Mamm. S. Air.
Mus., p. 51 (1862).

* For dimensions see p. 23'J.

204 Annals of tJte South African Museum.

Description. General colour above greyish brown, sometimes
with a reddish-brown tinge ; fur woolly, intermixed with longer,
coarser, straight hairs, the woolly portion slaty, with pale brown
tips, the coarse hairs black ; below dirty white with slaty bases to
fur ; ears small, when pressed forward not reaching the eyes ; limbs
and feet stout and strong ; the tarsal pads well developed, six in
number, the proximal one being an elongated oval ; tail always
shorter than the head and body, covered with short sparse bristles,
not concealing the scaly rings, which are coarse, numbering about
25 to the inch, the bristles become a little longer towards the tail-
tip, and form a slight tuft in some cases ; mammae 5 to 6 pairs.

Skull large, with well-developed supraorbital ridges ; the
antorbital foramen is narrowed below, and the anterior edge of
the plate is perpendicular.

This rat can always be distinguished by its size, the shortness
of its ears and tail, and by its coarse fur.

Dimensions (from a large stuffed male). Head and body 11*25;
tail 7'75 ; hind foot 1-60; from ear-opening to nose-tip 2-20;
skull length 1-50, breadth -70; length of upper molars -30.

Distribution. This rat is cosmopolitan, being found all over the
world, especially in the neighbourhood of towns and seaports ; its
original home appears to have been in Western China, whence it
spread to Europe early in the last century it is said to have reached
England about 1730. It is common in Cape Town and neighbour-
hood, and is probably to be found in all the large towns, and along
the lines of communication.

MUS KATTUS, THE BLACK EAT.

Mus rattus, LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i., p. 83 (1766) ;
LAYABD, Cat. Mam. S. Afr. Mus., p. 51 (1862) ; DE WINTON, Proc.
Zool. Soc., pp. 803, 807 (1896) [Rhodesia] .

Description. General colour above and below brown, fur coarse
and harsh, ears larger than in M. decmnanus, when pressed forward
reaching as far as the eye ; feet and hands a little paler than the
back but not white, the pads on the soles well developed ; the
proximal one elongated and oval ; tail much longer than the head
and body, of the same brown colour throughout, covered with short
bristles not becoming much longer towards the tip ; tail rings some-
what finer than those of M. decumanus, about 30 to the inch ;
extreme tail-tip in South African specimens examined, white ;

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 205

mammae 10 to 12 in number, 2 or 3 pairs pectoral, 3 pairs
inguinal.

Skull generally resembling that of M. decuman us, but rather
shorter in the nasal region.

Dimensions (measured in the flesh). Head and body 7'40; tail
8-63; hind foot 1-32; skull length 1-10, breadth -75; upper
molars '30.

Distribution. Like the brown rat, the black rat is cosmopolitan,
having been carried all over the world in ships ; it has, however,
been driven out of many places by its brown cousin, and is now
comparatively rare in England.

In Africa the black rat was formerly common in Cape Town, but
it now seems to have disappeared ; it is, however, the common house
rat of Ehodesia, and I have examined a specimen from Pretoria
preserved in the Museum there.

This rat is not indigenous in Europe, though long established
there, it has been known to exist on the Continent since the
thirteenth century ; brown and rufous varieties differing somewhat
in colour from the ordinary European form are found in North
Africa, India, and Burma, and are there indigenous ; it is probably
from this form that the present European race originated.

MUS CHKYSOPHILUS, DARLING'S EAT.

MILS chrijsophilus, DE WINTON, Proc. Zool. Soc., pp. 801, 807
(1896).

Description. General colour bright reddish fawn, sprinkled with
black hairs becoming lighter on the sides ; below white, clearly
denned from the fawn of the sides, all the fur above and below with
slaty bases ; ears oval, about three-quarters of an inch in length,
with a thin covering of greyish hairs ; feet covered with white hairs,
soles somewhat dark in colour, with the usual six pads, the proximal
one rounded ; tail a little longer than the head and body, the rings
running about 30 to an inch, towards its base lighter below r than
above, distally quite brown, bristles increasing in number towards
the tail-tip, but hardly forming a brush.

Skull with the outer edge of the antorbital plate sloping forwards.

A rat in the collection of the Pretoria Museum closely resembles
the description of this species, differing only in its greater size (head
and body 6 - 50 ; tail 8-0 ; hind foot 1'40), and in the absence of the
slaty bases in the fur of the under side.

206 Annals of the South African Museum.

Dimensions (of the type measured in the flesh). Head and body
5'75 ; tail 6-50 ; hind foot 1-12. Of a specimen in alcohol : Head
and body 5'10 ; tail 6'0 ; hind foot 1-2; skull length 1-50, breadth
75 ; molar teeth of upper jaw -25.

Distribution. The type of this species, collected by J. ff. Darling
at Mazoe, in Mashonaland, is in the British Museum, the South
African Museum possesses an example from the same locality and
collector ; it has also been found near Bulawayo, in the Transvaal,
and in Nyassaland.

MUS AURICOMIS, THE GOLDEN EAT.

Mus auricomis, DE WINTON, Proc. Zool. Soc., pp. 802, 807 (1896).

Description. General colour above fawn-yellow, sprinkled with
black hairs, lighter on the sides ; below including the hands and feet
pure white almost to the bases of the hairs, which are sometimes a
pale grey ; ears moderate, naked, save for a few yellow hairs ; tail
nearly naked, bi-coloured for the basal portion, brown for the ter-
minal portion with a few short adpressed bristles increasing in
number and length towards the tip, rings of the tail about 27 to the
inch.

Allied to M. chri/sopJi/ltis, but smaller with almost pure white belly
fur and a more golden and less rufous tinge to the sides and upper
parts.

Dimensions (of the type measured in the flesh). Head and body
4-44; tail 5-78 ; hind foot -94; skull length 1'22, breadth -59; upper
molars -20.

Distribution. The type of this species was also obtained at
Mazoe in Mashonaland by Mr. Darling, and is now in the British
Museum. Mr. de Winton records it at the same time from the
neighbourhood of Bulaw y ayo, where it was obtained by Mr. Selous.
A skin in the South African Museum from Paarl, in the Colony, has
been identified by Mr. de Winton with this species.

MUS PAEDULCUS, WAHLBERG's EAT.

Muspaedulcus, SUNDEVALL, Oefvers. Akad. Forh. , Stockholm (1846),
p. 120 (1847).

Description. General colour above greyish brown, darker in the
middle of the back, greyer on the skies, below pure white with no
slaty bases of the fur ; along the back the hairs are fairly soft and
thick and have a considerable admixture of black tips ; ears rather

Descriptive, List of the liodcnts of South Africa. 207

large, oval with a thin covering of grey hairs ; extremities greyish
white, claws almost concealed by the long hairs ; the proximal tarsal
pad much elongated ; tail slightly shorter than the head and body,
dark brown above and below, rings very fine, about 50 to the inch,
bristles short, tail-tip in the two specimens examined white ; mammae
probably 3 pairs, i.e., 1-2 = 6.

Skull with the incisive foramina barely reaching the anterior level
of the molars ; the front edge of the perpendicular plate of the
antorbital foramen with a backwardly directed slope, so that its top
angle is somewhat acute.

The above account is drawn up from a specimen in the South
African Museum agreeing very well with the original description of
Sundevall.

Dimensions (from a skin). Head and body 5*5 ; tail 5 - ; hind foot
90; from ear-opening to nose-tip 1-10; skull too imperfect for
measurement.

Distribution. The type collected by Wahlberg, now in the Stock-
holm Museum, is described as coming from the interior of Kaffirland ;
the example in the South African Museum is from Pondoland in the
extreme east of the Colony ; no other localities are recorded.

MUS DOLICHURUS, THE LONG-TAILED EAT.

Mus dolicliurns, SMUTS, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 38, pi. ii. (1832) ;
A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 155 (1834) ; THOMAS, Proc.
Zool. Soc., p. 186 (1891) ; ID., ibid., p. 141 (1894) [measurements].

Mus arborarius, PETERS, Eeise Mozamb. Saugeth., p. 152, pi. xxxv.,.
fig. 7, pi. xxxvi., fig. 2 (1852).

Mus rutilans, PETERS, M. B. Akad. Berlin, p. 478, pi. ii., figs. 2, 3
(1876).

Description. General colour above rich brown, rather darker along
the middle of the back owing to the greater admixture of black-tipped
hairs, becoming paler on the sides and pure white below, without
slaty bases, fur of the upper surface very long and soft ; tip of
the nose not white, a dark spot in front of the eye ; ears rather
large, about half an inch in length ; hands and feet somewhat slender,
both covered with white hairs ; proximal tarsal pad elongated ; tail
much longer than the head and body, bi-coloured chiefly owing to
the bristles being black above and white below, rings fine though
conspicuous, about 46 to the inch, bristles towards the tip of the tail

208 Annals of the South African Mnsciun.

elongated and soft, forming a distinct brush ; mammae 6 in number
1 pair pectoral, 2 pairs inguinal.

The very long tail with black pencil and fine rings distinguish
this species from other South African rats.

Dimensions (from a skin). Head and body 4'0 ; tail 5'25 ;
hind foot '87; skull length 1-1, breadth -56; length of upper
molars *20.

Distribution. The type described by Smuts was from the neigh-
bourhood of Cape Town, whence the South African Museum has
an example, Smith records it from Uitenhage. Outside South
Africa it appears to be widely distributed from the Niger and
Cameroons in the west and the Fayoum of Egypt in the east south-
wards through Central and East Africa to the Colony.

MUS XIGRICAUDA, THE BLACK-TAILED EAT.

Mus nigricanda, THOMAS, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 266, pi. xiv., fig. 1
(1882); BOCAGE, Journ. Sci., Lisbon (2), v., p. 10 (1890).

Description. General colour above yellow mixed with black,
somewhat more yellow on the sides, fur coarse and long, below pure
white without slaty bases to the hairs ; ears large, thinly covered
with short greyish hairs ; extremities white, the hairs concealing the
claws ; hind feet comparatively short, the six pads large and rounded,
occupying a considerable portion of the sole ; tail shorter than the
head and body, nearly naked at the base, but thickly covered distally
above and below with long shining black hairs forming a slight pencil
at the tip ; molars broad and rounded with numerous well-marked
small cusps.

Dimensions (from the type). Head and body 6'2 ; tail 5 - 8 ; hind
foot I'Ol ; upper molars -21.

Distribution. The type was obtained by C. J. Andersson on the
Hountop River in Damaraland ; other examples have been collected
in Angola, where it appears to be fairly common. There are no
specimens in the South African Museum.

MUS DAMARENSIS, THE DAMARALAND EAT.

Mus silaccus, apud THOMAS, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 266 (1882) (nee
Wagner) .

Mus damarensis, DE WINTON, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xix., p. 34!)

(1897).

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 209

Description. General colour reddish fawn or isabelline sprinkled
with tine darker hairs, richest along the dorsal line, becoming greyer
on the sides and below pure white, including the hands and feet ;
ears large, covered in and outside with short reddish hairs ; tail
about the same length as the head and body, covered distally with
somewhat long liver-coloured hairs so as to be almost bushy, rings
fine, about 50 to the inch ; the feet are thick, the pads are large
and crowded, the claws small and curved, are almost concealed by
the hairs.

Dimensions (from the type). Head and body 5'30 ; tail 5-30 ;
hind foot -95 ; skull length about 1'25, breadth -62 ; upper
molars '24.

Distribution. The type, obtained some years ago by Mr. C.
J. Andersson in Damaraland, was formerly identified with M.
silaceiis, but has recently been shown to lie distinct by de
Winton .

MUS COUCHA, THE WHITE-NOSED MOUSE.

Mns concha, A. SMITH, App. Eeport Exped. Explor. S. Africa,
p. 43 (1836); THOMAS, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 266 (1882); JENTINK,
Notes Leyd. Mus., p. 174 (1887).

Mus silaceiis, WAGNER, Arch. Naturgesch., i., p. 11 (1842).

Mus microdon, PETERS, Reise Mozamb. Saugeth., p. 149, pi. xxxv.,
figs. 5, 6, pi. xxxvi., fig. 1 (1852).

Mus sp., THOMAS, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 13 (1888) ; POUSARGUES, Ann.
Sci. Nat. (8), iv., p. 14 (1897).

Description. General colour dark brown on the back, growing
paler on the sides and dirty white below, all the fur above and
below wath strong slaty bases, the fur of the back long, soft with pale
brown and black tips intermixed, the latter much more abundant
along the middle of the back ; tip of the nose white ; ears moderate
and oval ; feet pure white, tarsal pads all rounded, claws almost
concealed by the long white hairs which project beyond them ; tail
about the same length or shorter than the head and body, the
rings numbering about 44 to the inch, covered with short bristles,
dark above, white below, hardly longer towards the tip ; mammae
16 -5 pairs pectoral, 3 pairs inguinal in the specimen examined, but
often exceeding this number up to 24.

Skull with a large antorbital foramen not much narrowed below
with small not well-developed plate.

210 Aiinalx of tlte SoittJi African Museum.

Synonomy.This rat is found over the greater part of Africa, and it
is in consequence of this and of the fact that it varies to a great extent
throughout its range both in size and colour that it has received the
names recorded above in the synonomy ; it seems probable, however,
as M. Pousargues and Mr. Thomas have stated above, that there is
only one varying species.

Dimensions (from a specimen in alcohol). Head and body, 3'60
(of a dried skin 5'0) ; tail 3 - 50 ; hind foot -85 ; from ear to tip of
nose 1-20.

Distribution. The type of the species was obtained by Sir A.
Smith in Bechuanaland, and the species is also known from Damara-
land, while the South African Museum contains examples from the
neighbourhood of Cape Town, Namaqualand and Griqualand West ;
outside South Africa it is recorded from French Congoland and
Abyssinia through Central and East Africa and Nyassaland to
Mozambique.

Mus COLONUS, BBANTS' EAT.

Mus colonus, BRANTS, Mui/en, p. 124 (1827) ; SMUTS, Enum.
Marnm. Cap., p. 37 (1832) ; A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii. p.
154 (1834); ID., Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mam., pi. xlvii., lig. 3 (1849) ;
PETERS, Eeise Mozamb. Siiugeth.,p. 151 (1852); GRILL et SUNDEVALL,
Yictorin Zool. Anteck, k. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm, ii., p. 18
(1858) ; THOMAS, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), x., p. 181 (1892).

Mus natalcnsis, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 156 (1834) ;
ID., Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mam., pi. xlvii., fig. 2 (1849) ; MATCHIE,
Siiugeth. Deutsch Ost Afrika, p. 51 (1895); DE WINTON, Proc. Zool.
Soc., p. 807 (1896).

Mus mariquensis, A. SMITH, App. Eeport Exped. Explor. S. Africa,
p. 43 (1836) ; DE WINTON, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 803 (1896).

Description. General colour very dark brown, almost black along
the middle line of the back owing to the admixture of long black
hairs, rather paler and more rufous on the sides, below dirty white
with dark slaty bases to the fur ; nose-tip white, ears oval, covered
with a few sparse brown hairs, feet rather slender, dirty white, tail
shorter than head and body, brown above, paler below owing to
the colour of the short, stiff bristles with which it is thinly clothed,
rings coarse and conspicuous, about 40 to the inch ; mammae
according to Thomas 10 in number 3 pairs pectoral and 2 pairs
inguinal.

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 211

Dimensions (from a skin). Head and body 5'50 ; tail 4 -80 ; hind
foot -92.

Distribution. The type is said by Brants to have come from the
neighbourhood of Algoa Bay ; Victoria obtained his specimens at
Eondebosch near Cape Town, and the South African Museum
possesses examples from Pondoland and Eustenberg in the
Transvaal.

Mus VERKOXI, VBRREAUX'S EAT.
MILS vcrroxi, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 156 (1831).

Description. -General colour dark speckly brown, a little paler on
the sides and bluish white below, with slaty bases to the fur through-
out, no marked line of distinction of colour bat ween the sides and
lower surface ; tip of the nose noi white ; ears long and rounded
very nearly naked ; extremities dirty white, tarsal pads moderate, six
in number, the two proximal ones somewhat oval ; tail considerably
longer than the head and bady, distinctly bi-coloured, the rings fine
and not easily distinguishable, about 50 to the inch, tail-tip black
and slightly tufted ; mammae, in the only specimen in which they
could be made out, 10 in number 3 pairs pectoral and 2 pairs
inguinal.

The above description, taken from a specimen in the South African
Museum, agrees well with M. cerroxi, as described by Smith, except
that the nose-tip is not white as asserted by Smith.

Dimensions (from a skin). -Head and body 5'25 ; tail 6'0 ; hind
foot -90.

Distribution. The type is described as being from the neighbour-
hood of Cape Town ; the specimens in the South African Museum
are from Eondebosch in the Cape Division.

MUS MUSCULUS, THE HOUSE MOUSE.

Mus musculus, LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i., p. 83 (1766) ;
A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 154 (1834) ; LAYARD, Cat.
Mam. S. Afr. Mus., p. 50 (1862).

Mus orientcdis, CRETZSCHMAR, Atlas zu der Eeise von Eiippell,
Saugethiere, p. 76, pi. xxx. (1826) ; GRILL ET SUNDEVALL, Victorin
Zool., Anteck. k. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm, ii., p. 18 (1858).

Mus modestus, WAGNER, Arch. Naturges., i., p. 14 (1842); ID.,
Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl., iii., p. 432, pi. 181 e (1843).

15

212 Annals of the South African lluscuin.

Description. General colour above brown with a yellowish tinge,
darkest along the back, lighter on the sides ; below greyish, the fur
slaty with somewhat paler tips, never white ; ears large and nearly
naked, when pressed forwards reaching the eye ; hands and feet
grey, never white, slender with the usual number of pads which are
all circular; tail usually about the same length as the head and
body, dark coloured, thinly covered with the usual bristles not
increasing in length towards the tip, towards the base somewhat
lighter below than above but towards the tip dark all round, rings of
the tail slender, about 50 to the inch ; mammae 10 in number 3
pairs pectoral, 2 pairs inguinal.

Dimensions (from a specimen in alcohol). Head and body 3'20
(skin 3 '70) ; tail 3 -45 ; hind foot -62 ; from ear to nose-tip -90 ; skull
length '80, breadth -45 ; upper molars '15.

Distribution. Cosmopolitan, being found in the habitations of
civilised man throughout the world ; it probably originated in the
East ; it is common in Cape Town houses and also in Port Nolloth
and Pretoria and probably all other towns of South Africa of any
size.

MUS MINUTOIDES, THE WHITE-BELLIED FlELD MOUSE.

3[ns minutoides, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 157 (1834) ;
THOMAS, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 266 (1882) ; ID., ibid., p. 13 (1888)
[synonymy] ; DE WINTON, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xx., p. 320 (1897).

Mus minimus, PETEES, M. B. Akad. Berlin, p. 274 (1852); ID.,
Eeise Mozamb. Saugeth., p. 153, pi. xxxiii., fig. 2, pi. xxxv., fig. S
(1852) ; GRILL ET SUNDEVALL, Victorin Zool. Anteck. k. Vet. Akad.
Handl., Stockholm, ii., p. 17 (1858).

Description. Small and slender, general colour above fawn, rather
darker on the middle of the back through the admixture of black
hairs ; fur coarse with pale slaty bases ; below pure white without
slaty bases, the line of demarcation of colour being strictly defined ;
ears moderate rounded and almost naked, a little darker along their
margins ; hands and feet scantily covered with white hairs, the
claws rather large and not concealed by the hairs ; pads normal in
number and rounded, the skin between on both palms and soles
being covered with numerous little rounded swellings ; tail rather
shorter than the head and body, pale, and covered with a fairly
thick coating of white bristles not forming a bushy tip ; mammae
8 to 10 2 to 3 pairs pectoral, 2 pairs inguinal.

Skull short and rather broad, anterior upper molar large, longer

Descriptive List of tJic Rodents of South Africa. 213

than the two posterior ones taken together, the anterior portion
elongated and rather pointed, often bearing an extra heel in front
not found in other South African species. It is chiefly on this that
the genus Lcggada is founded, but the character is not sufficiently
distinct or constant to afford grounds for generic distinction.

Dimensions (from a specimen in alcohol). Head and body 2'40
(in skin 2-90) ; tail 1'90 ; hind foot '50 ; from ear-opening to nose-
tip '70 ; skull length '77, breadth 40 ; upper molars -15.

Distribution. The type of this species was obtained near Cape
Town by Sir A. Smith ; the South African Museum possesses
examples from various parts of the Cape Division, from Clan-
william, Natal, and Delagoa Bay, and it is recorded from Knysna
and Damaraland ; it is, therefore, probably widespread throughout
South Africa ; outside these limits it extends through Mozambique
and Nyassaland as far north as Wadelai and Uganda.

The following species are not represented in the collections of the
South African Museum, and cannot at present be satisfactorily
identified :

MUS LEHOCHLA.

Mus lehochla, A. SMITH, App. Eeport Exped. Explor. S. Africa,
p. 43 (1836) ; ID., Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mam., pi. xlvii., fig. 1 (1849).

Description. -General colour above dark brown mixed with rufous,
below white with a rufous tinge ; eyebrow white ; nose-tip (accord-
ing to Smith's plate) white ; tail a little longer than the head and
body, brown and sparsely haired.

Dimensions. Head and body 4'75 ; tail 5 - ; hind foot '82.

Distribution. The type was obtained from Lataku near Kuruman
in Bechuanaland, and was found in brushwood ; it is perhaps a
multimammate species allied to Mus coucha, but with a longer
tail.

MUS NAMAQUENSIS.

Gcrbillus namaquensis, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 160
(1834).

Mus namaquensis, DE WINTON, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 802 (1896).

Description. General colour above fawn, pencilled with black
especially posteriorly, sides lighter ; below bluish white ; slaty bases
above and to the sides, but not to the belly hairs ; ears very long
and broad with short white hairs inside, extremities covered with

214 Annals of the South African Museum.

white hairs concealing the claws ; tail a little shorter than the head
and body with a short, scanty covering of bristles, black above white
below (Smith).

This species seems allied to M. pacdnlcns and N. auricomis.

Dimensions. Head and body 5'50 ; tail 4'75.

Distribution. Narnaqualand.

MUS CAFFER.

Mas caffer, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 157 (1834).

Description. General colour blue-grey or brown-grey, lighter on
the sides, below greyish white ; all the fur very long and soft ; ears
long and oval, the inner surface with a sprinkling of minute white
hairs the outer with blackish hairs ; feet greyish white ; tail thinly
covered with very short fine greyish hairs (Smith).

Dimensions. Head and body 3'50 ; tail 3'0.

Distribution. Kaffirland.

MUS MUSCARDINUS.

Mus muscardinus, WAGNEB, Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl., iii., p. 430
(1843).

Description. Rusty yellow above, white below, ears naked; feet
white, tail shorter than the head and body, clothed with dark bristles
above and white ones below.

Dimensions. Head and body 5-10 ; tail 3 -20 ; hind foot -75.

Distribution. Kaffraria, collected by Krebs.

GEN. SACCOSTOMUS.

Saccostomus, PETERS, M. B. Akad. Berlin, p. 258 (1846).
Type S. campestris.

Description. Robust, mouse-like animals with internal cheek
pouches, short tails and limbs ; skull with the infraorbital opening
not much narrowed below but more or less triangular ; incisors
small not grooved ; molars like those of Mus but with the tubercles
soon lost, so that in most specimens the teeth consist of transverse
ridges of enamel with depressions between.

This genus is allied to Mus, but differs in its shorter tail and in

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa 215

being provided with cheek pouches, in this resembling Cricetus,
containing the Hamsters of the northern part of the Old World.
The genus is practically confined to South Africa, as the only other
species described, besides those mentioned below, is S. elegdns from
the Nyika plateau in North Nyassaland.

SACCOSTOMUS CAMPESTEIS, THE POUCHED EAT.

Saccostomus campestris, PETEES, M. B. Akad. Berlin, p. 258
(1846) ; DE WINTON, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), i., p. 6 (1898).

Saccostomus lapidarius, PETEBS, Reise Mozamb. Saugeth., p. 167,
pi. xxxiv., fig. 3, pi. xxxv., fig. 12, 1852 ; BOCAGE, Jorn. Sci. Lisb.
(2), v., p. 9 (1890) [habits] ; LORENTZ, Ann. kk. Hofmus. Wien,
ix. notiz. p. 65 (1894) [Zambesia] .

Description. Form somewhat stout, the head especially being
thick and broad ; general colour above and on the sides dark drab
brown, the basal portion of the fur slaty, the tips chiefly pale brown
but with many black ones intermingled, darkest along the middle of
the back ; below pure white with no slaty bases to the fur, the line
of demarcation between the colours very distinct ; whiskers fine and
mostly white ; ears of moderate size, rounded, with a few brown
hairs only, about -60 inches in length ; limbs rather short ; hands
and feet white with pads and claws as in 31 us, the proximal tarsal
pad rounded ; tail less than half the length of the head and body
not scaly, with traces of the rings towards the base, covered with
comparatively long rather outstanding hairs, dark above light below ;
10 mammae 3 pairs pectoral, 2 pairs inguinal ; in the specimen
examined there was no paler spot behind the ears as described by
Peters.

The middle upper molar does not bear the extra anterior outer
cusp present in S. mashonae.

Dimensions (from a spirit-preserved specimen). Head and body
5-0 ; tail 1-70; hind foot -65; from ear-opening to nose-tip 1'30 ;
skull length 1-30, breadth -70 ; upper cheek teeth -20.

Distribution. This species was originally described from the
Zambesi valley by Peters ; it is also recorded from Nyassaland,
Angola, and Damaraland, while there are specimens in the South
African Museum which seem to be referable to this species from the
Albany, Griqualand West, and the Bedford districts of the Colony,
and from Zululand ; it is, therefore, fairly widely distributed over
the south-eastern parts of Africa.

216 Annals of tlie SoiitJi African Museum.

SACCOSTOMUS MASHOXAE, THE MASHONALAND POUCHED EAT.

Saccostomus mashonac, DE WINTON, Proc. Zool. Soc., pp. 804, 805
(1896).

Description. General colour above iron - grey, sides somewhat
paler, below slaty grey with grey drab tips to the fur ; tail thinly
covered with hair with longer white hairs standing out somewhat
like those on the tail of a shrew.

Skull with the middle upper molar with a small though well-
developed extra outer anterior cusp, not present in the other
species.

This and the colour distinguish this species from S. campcstris.

Dimensions (of the type). Head and body 5 - 27 ; tail 1'37 ; hind
foot -87 ; skull length 1-39, breadth -68 ; upper molars -19.

Distribution. The type of this species was obtained by Mr. J.
ft'. Darling at Mazoe in Mashonaland ; there is no example in the
South African Museum.

SACCOSTOMUS ANDEESSONI, ANDEESSON'S POUCHED EAT.

Saccostomus lapidarius, apud THOBIAS, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 266,
pi. xiv., fig. 2 (1882) (nee Peters).

Saccostomus mashonae, apud DE WINTON, Ann. Mag. N. H.
(6), xx., p. 322 (1897) (nee de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1896),
p. 804).

Saccostomus anderssoni, DE WINTON, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), i., p. 6
(1898).

Description. Eesembling S. campcstris in form and dimensions
but differing in colour, being of a light, somewhat sandy tint, instead
of drab brown.

Distribution. Damaraland and Angola.

SACCOSTOMUS FUSCUS, THE SMALL POUCHED EAT.
Saccostomus fuscus, PETEES, Eeise Mozamb. Saugeth., p. 168,
pi. xxxvi., fig. 4 [animal], pi. xxxv., fig. 13 [skull] (1852).

Description. This species resembles the previous one, but is
smaller, and has a more pointed nose and more thickly haired ears ;
below it is grey, and its claws are black.

Dimensions. Head and body 3 - 25 ; tail 1-10 ; hind foot -70 ;
skull length 1-0.

Distribution. This species w r as also discovered by Peters further

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 217

south than the former one, in the neighbourhood of Inhambane in
Southern Mozambique. There is no specimen in the South African
Museum.

GEN. ACOMYS.

Acomys, Is. GEOFFKOY, Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), x., p. 126 (1838).
Type A. cahirinns.

Small, mouse-like animals with the hinder part of the back
covered with flattened, grooved, inflexible spines ; 6 mammae 1 pair
axillary, 2 pairs inguinal.

Skull with very small incisive foramina and with the coronoid
process of the mandible but little developed ; in other respects
resembling Mus.

About thirteen species of spiny mice are described, the bulk of
which are found in Africa and in the drier south-western parts of
Asia ; one species is known from Celebes.

ACOMYS SUBSPINOSUS, THE SPINY MOUSE.

Mus subsinnosus, WATEKHOUSE, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 104 (1837).

Acomys subspinosus, THOMAS, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xviii., p. 269
(1896).

Description. Back covered with flat, bristle-like spiny hairs ; body
above greyish brown getting paler on the sides, below pure white ;
a yellowish ring round the eyes ; ears moderate ; tail shorter than
the head and body.

Dimensions (of the type). Head and body 3'33 ; tail 2-93 ; from
ear-opening to tip of nose - 88 ; hind foot '70.

Distribution. The type is described as having come from the
" Cape of Good Hope " ; no more exact locality is recorded ; there
is no specimen in the South African Museum.

ACOMYS SELOUSI, SELOUS' SPINY MOUSE.

Acomys selousi, DE WINTON, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 807, pi. xl., fig. 2
[animal] , (1896).

Description. Smoky rufous-brown or coffee-coloured above, more
smoky on the face and darker on the back ; clear chestnut-brown on
the cheeks, sides, and on a patch behind the ear ; below pure white
the two colours sharply distinguished ; tail longer than the head
and body, brown above paler below.

218 Annals of the South African Museum.

Dimensions. Head and body 3-25 ; tail 3-63 ; hind foot -70 ;
skull length TO, breadth -50; upper molars -20.

Distribution. The type was obtained by Mr. Selous on his
farm near Bulawayo ; it has since been recorded from Nyassaland ;
there are no specimens in the collections of the South African
Museum.

GEN. DASYMYS.

Dasymys, PETEES, M. B. Akad. Berlin, p. 12 (1875). Type D.
incomtus.

Mouse-like animals with moderate, somewhat hairy ears and
rather coarse fur, tail moderate, scaly arid sparsely haired ; skull
somewhat intermediate between that of Gerbillus and Mus; lower
branch of the zygomatic process produced forwards in hooked shape ;
incisors plain, front molars the longest, the posterior laminae of the
first and anterior laminae of the second and third upper molars large
and complicated.

DASYMYS INCOMTUS.

Mus incomtus, SUNDEVALL, Oefvers. Akad. Forh. Stockholm (1846),
p. 120 (1847).

Dasymys gucinzii, PETEES, M. B. Akad. Berlin, p. 12, pis. i., ii.
(1875).

Dasymys incomtus fuse us, DE WINTON, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 804
(1896).

Description. General colour brown ; darkest on the middle of the
back, paler on the sides, below grey, feet dark ; ears rounded, fairly
clothed with hairs ; feet with the pads and claws as in Mus, tail
shorter than the head and body, with scaly rings about 28 to the
inch, bedecked with a few scanty short bristles.

Geographical race. A. dark variety is described by de Wiiiton from
Mashonaland resembling the type in size and general characters,
but differing in colour, being a uniform sooty black with only slight
yellow grizzling ; the upper incisors are deep orange-red, the lower
brownish honey coloured.

Dimensions (of the type). Head and body 6 - 25 ; tail 5'83 ; hind
foot 1-37. Of the dark variety taken from the flesh : head and body
6.25; tail 5'75 ; hind foot 1-25; skull length 1-45, breadth -79;
upper molars 28.

Descriptive List of the Rodents of Sou Hi Africa. 219

Distribution. The type of the species was obtained by the
Swedish collector Wahlberg, near Durban, that of the dark
variety at Mazoe, in Mashonaland, by Mr. ff. Darling ; it is also
recorded from Nyassaland. Mr. Marshall has recently presented an
example to the South African Museum from Salisbury.

GEN. AEVICANTHIS.

Arvieanthis, LESSON, N. Tabl. E. A. Mamm., p. 147, 1842. Type
A. niloticus.

Isomys, SUNDEVALL, k. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm (1842),
p. 219 (1843). Type A. niloticus.

Eat-like animals with hairy ears, covered with a \voolly under-fur,
through which project the longer, coarser hairs ; the first and fifth
fingers and toes are very short, much more so than in the true rats.
The plan of coloration is never plain, but consists of lines or spots
on the back.

Skull and dentition as in Mus; mammae 8 2 pairs pectoral,
2 pairs inguinal.

This genus is hardly separated from Mus by any definite
characters, and its recognition is more a matter of convenience
than anything else ; some half-dozen species are described from
various parts of Africa, while one extends to the south - western
part of Asia.

AEVICANTHIS PUMILIO, THE STRIPED MOUSE.

Mus pumilio, SPAREMAN, k. Vet. Akad. Handl., p. 339, pi. vi.
(1784) ; ID., Voyage to Cape, English trans., 8vo ed. ii., p. 375,
pi. vii. (1785) ; BRANTS, Muizen, p. 103 (1827) ; SMUTS, Enum. Mam.
Cap., p. 36 (1832); A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 153
(1834); ID., Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mam., pi. xlvi., fig. 1 (1849);
SUNDEVALL, Oefvers. Akad. Forh. Stockholm 1846, p. 88 (1847);
GRILL, Victorin Zool. Anteck. k. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm, ii.,
p. 17 (1858) ; LAYARD, Cat. Mam. S. Afr. Mus., p. 50 (1862) ;
THOMAS, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 266 (1882).

Muslineatus, F. CUVIER, Hist. Nat. Mam., livr. 61 (1829).

Mus donovani, LESSON, Man. Mam., p. 268 (1827).

Mus vittatus, WAGNER, Arch. Naturg., viii., p. 11 (1842).

Mus septemmttatus, SCHINZ, Synops. Mam., ii., p. 155 (1845).

Mus striatus, SUNDEVALL, Oefvers. Akad. Forh. Stockholm 1846,
p. 88 (1847).

220 Annals of the SoittJt African Museum.

A. PUMILIO, Sub-Sp. DILECTUS.

Arvicanthis pumilio dilcctns, DE WINTON, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 803
(1896).

A. PUMILIO, Sllb-Sp. BECHUA.NAE.

Isomysp. bcchitanac, THOMAS, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 551 (1892).

Description. General colour greyish brown with a slight tinge of
yellow, under-fur soft, fine, and dark slaty in colour, through which
project considerably coarser hairs, white, black, and yellowish
brown ; along the back from the shoulders to the root of the tail run
four black longitudinal stripes, separated by three narrower inter-
spaces, of which the two outer are a little paler than the inner, of
the same colour as the back ; the black stripes vary considerably in
distinctness, the two median ones usually originating in a single
dark median stripe on the head from between the eyes and meeting
at the root of the tail ; below pure white, but the hair not very thick,
so that the slaty black of the skin is visible, giving the belly a dirty
white colour ; head rat-like, a pale ring round the eye, the ears
rounded, anteriorly and posteriorly with a fairly thick covering of
rufous hairs with a black edging along the inner margin of the
conch ; extremities the same colour as the back, but paler ; skin of
the soles and palms dark, almost black, toes as in Mus, but the first
and fifth proportionately shorter, pads as in Mus, but the second
proximal one very small ; claws black ; tail scaled and ringed, about
39 to the inch, covered with bristles increasing in length towards
the tip ; the bristles are chiefly black along the dorsal line, and pale
yellow below, but the skin of the tail is black throughout ; mammae
8 2 pairs pectoral, 2 pairs abdominal.

Geographical Races. The striped rat varies very considerably
both in size and in colour.

In Bechuanaland there occurs a large, almost sandy race with the
dorsal stripes very faint and with pale-coloured ears, described by
Thomas.

In Mashonaland on the other hand a darker race than the normal
is found with very dark, well-defined dorsal stripes and dusky belly
washed with orange.

The collection of the South African Museum consists chiefly of
spirit-preserved examples which are not of much service for the
discrimination of slight colour variations, but some skins from
Pondoland in the extreme east of the Colony appear to approach
Mr. de Winton's dilectus race, and are certainly distinctly darker

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 221

and more richly coloured than what may be called the typical race
from the neighbourhood of Cape Town.

Dimensions. As has been remarked by former writers, there is a
great variation in the dimensions of this species. In the case of
spirit preserved specimens in the South African Museum, the length
of the head and body varies from 3-60 to 4-90, and the tails from
3'70 to 5-90. The following are the dimensions of an individual
measured in the flesh from the neighbourhood of Cape Town : Head
and body 4-30 ; tail 4'10 ; hind foot I'O ; from ear to tip of nose '88.

The dimensions of sub-species bcchuanac measured in the flesh are :
Head and body 5 - ; tail 4-62 ; hind foot 1-0. Of sub-species dilectus :
Head and body 4-25 ; tail 3'25 ; hind foot '75 ; the dimensions of a
typical skull are length 1 - 10, breadth '60 ; upper tooth row -20.

Distribution. The type of this species was obtained by Sparrman
on the banks of the Slangen River, close to Cape St. Francis, in
what is now the Humansdorp Division of the Colony ; the species
is very common everywhere all over South Africa, and extends
northwards to Great Narnaqualand on the west, and through Nyassa-
land as far as Mianzini near Lake Naivasha in British East Africa,
whence Thomas has described a third sub-species, A. p. dimidiatus,
rather smaller and more brightly coloured than the typical one. As
already stated, the two other sub-species, A. p. becliuanac and A. p.
dilectus, come from Bechuanaland and Mazoe in Mashonaland
respectively.

ARVICANTHIS DORSALIS, THE SINGLE-STRIPED MOUSE.
M-iis dorsalis, A. SMITH, Illustr. Zool. S. Air. Mamm., pi. xlvi.,
fig. 2 (1849) ; BOCAGE, Journ. Sci. Lisbon (2), v., p. 16 (1890).
Armcanthis dorsalis, DE WINTON, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 803 (1896).

Description. General colour above reddish brown, the fur coarse
like that of the other species ; a single median black stripe running
from the neck to the root of the tail ; below rusty white ; the skin
white, not slaty as in the other species ; ears rather broad, covered
with coarse hairs, mingled reddish and black, the former prevailing ;
extremities of the same colour as the sides but white inside ; the
first and fifth digit of the forelimb very small and rudimentary, the
latter provided with a small flat nail, so that the hand bears only three
clawed digits ; sole of the hind foot with three well-developed pads
only, those at the base of the first and fifth toes and the one next to
these proximally being very small or absent.

Tail longer than the head and body, but in other respects resein-

222 Annals of the Sou-tli African Museum.

bling that of A. pumilio. Mammae 8 2 pairs pectoral, 2 pairs
inguinal. Incisors broad and stout but smooth, not furrowed.

Dimensions (from a specimen preserved in spirit). Head and
body 4-70 ; tail 5'60 ; from ear-opening to tip of nose T40 ; hind
foot 1-10. Of a specimen measured in the flesh by Mr. Darling :
Head and body 5-12 ; tail 5-25 ; hind foot 1-12 ; skull length 1-20,
breadth -67 ; upper molars '25.

Distribution. Sir A. Smith, the describer of the species, states
that it is common to the north of the Orange Eiver, but rare to the
south ; it has also been obtained within our limits by Mr. Darling at
Mazoe, in Mashonaland, and beyond in Angola, Mozambique, and
Nyassaland.

GEN. GOLUNDA.

Golunda, GRAY, Charlesw. Mag., N. H., i., p. 586 (1837). Type
G. ellioti.

Pclomys, PETERS, Eeise Mozamb. Saugeth. , p. 157 (1852). Type
G. fallax.

Eat-like animals with short rounded heads and somewhat coarse
bristly fur ; the fifth finger of the forelimb is very short and rudi-
mentary ; the tail is long, scaly, and rat-like ; skull with compressed
palate ; upper incisors grooved, molars low and broad with tubercles
arranged as in Mus, when worn exhibiting a peculiar series of semi-
circular flattened lobes arranged in a triple row in the upper, in a
double row in the lower jaw.

The grooving of the incisors and the shortness of the fifth finger
at once separate this genus from Mus, which it otherwise closely
resembles.

Four species are recognised. One of these is found in India, two
in West Africa, and the remaining one, described below, in South
Africa.

GOLUNDA FALLAX, THE SWAMP EAT.

Pelomys fallax, PETERS, Eeise Mozamb. Saugeth., p. 157, pi.
xxxiii., fig. 3, pi. xxxv., fig. 9 (1852) ; BOCAGE, Jorn. Sci. Lisb. (2), v.,
p. 47 (1890) [habits in Angola] .

Golunda fallax, DE WINTON, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 804 (1896).

Description. General colour above speckled dark brown and
yellowish, somewhat paler on the sides and grey below, fur harsh
and bristly, a somewhat indistinct dark dorsal stripe along the back ;
tip of the nose rufous-brown, ears moderate, round, fairly covered

Descriptive List of the Iwdents of Sontli Africa. 223

with rufous hairs ; fifth finger very short, but clawed ; tarsus with
only five pads, the proximal one being absent, and the three next to
it being very small ; tail shorter than the body, dark above, paler
below, covered with sparse bristles, the rings about 25 to an inch ;
mammae 8 2 pairs pectoral, 2 pairs inguinal.

Skull with the nasal region exceedingly short and broad ; incisors
with a strong longitudinal furrow rather towards the outer side of the
tooth, molars much as in Mm but rather broader.

Dimensions. Head and body 6'75 ; tail 5'25 ; hind foot l - 37
skull length 1-12. (Peters.)

Distribution. This species was described by Peters from the
Zambesi Valley in Mozambique. It has since been recorded from
Nyassaland and Angola ; within our region it was obtained by Mr.
Darling at Mazoe, in Mashonaland. It is not represented in the
collections of the South African Museum.

SUB-FAMILY SIGMODONTINAE.
GEN. MYSTKOMYS.

Mystromys, WAGNER, Arch. Naturges, i., p. 132 (1841). Type
M. albicaudatus.

Eat-like animals with soft, rather woolly fur, and large broad ears,
with short tails and a somewhat hairy tarsus ; skull with the
antorbital foramen hardly at all narrowed below, and the perpen-
dicular plate but little developed, not extending forwards beyond the
upper root of the zygoma ; incisors ungrooved, molars rooted, those
of the upper jaw with the tubercles arranged in a double instead of
a treble row as in the Murinae, those of the lower jaw as in the
Murinae in a double row.

This genus appears to be confined to Central and South Africa,
one species being described by Noak from the former region.

To the same sub-family belong the Hamsters of the Palaearctic
region ; a number of curious rat-like genera from Madagascar and
from the New World, in neither of which two latter places are any
true Murinae indigenous.

MYSTROMYS ALBICAUDATUS, THE WHITE-TAILED RAT.

Otomys albicaudatus, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 148
(1834) ; ID., Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mam., pi. xxxiii. (1849).

Mystromys albipes, WAGNER, Arch. Naturg., i., p. 132 (1841); ID.
Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl., hi., p. 500, pi. clxxvi. a (1843).

224 Annals of the South African Museum.

Malacothrix albicaudatus, WAGNER, Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl., ii.
p. 498 (1843).

Mystromys albicaudatus, DE WINTON, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7),i., p. 7
(1898).

Description. General colour dark brown above, somewhat paler
below, the fur being long, soft, and somewhat woolly, dark slate for
the greater part of its length with brown tips ; space round the nose
and chin pure white ; ears very large, broad, and patulous about
7 by '6 in., the inner half of the conch nearly white, the outer half
black, covered anteriorly and posteriorly with a few silvery and black
hairs ; limbs slender, hands and feet covered with white hairs
lengthened so as to almost conceal the claws, pads normal in number
but the two proximal ones of the sole very small and rounded, the
naked portion of the sole very narrow, much encroached on by the
long white hairs on either side, so that the whole tarsus has a very
hairy appearance ; tail short, less than half the length of the head
and body, almost white, obscurely ringed, but these are almost
hidden by the dense covering of short hairs above, with a few black
hairs intermixed, below pure white.

Incisors smooth and very pale yellow.

The above description is drawn up from a specimen in the South
African Museum which has been compared with the type in the
British Museum. It may be noticed that in Smith's original descrip-
tion the incisors are described as smooth, in the subsequently pub-
lished ' Illustrations ' as grooved.

Dimensions (from the example in alcohol in the South African
Museum). Head and body 3-85; tail 1'68 ; hind foot -95; from ear-
opening to nose-tip 1'20 ; skull length 1-22, breadth -65 ; upper
tooth row '25.

Distribution. Sir A. Smith met with this species in the neigh-
bourhood of Grahamstown and to the north of the Orange River ;
the single example in the Museum is also from the neighbourhood
of Grahamstown. There is an example in the British Museum from
the Transvaal.

MYSTROMYS LANUGINOSUS, THE LARGER WHITE-TAILED RAT.
Euryotis lanuginosa, LICHTENSTEIN, Verzeichn. Saugeth. u. Vogeln.
Kaffirland, Berlin, p. 10 (1842).

Description. General colour above light brown, below white, the
hair thick, soft and rather woolly, dark slate for the greater part of
its length, the tips mingled brown and white, the former predomi-

Descriptive Lint of tlie Rodents of SoutJi Africa. 225

nating along the middle of the back, the latter on the sides ; tip of
the snout somewhat pale, not white, ears very large, about -9 in. by
'75, darker towards the margin, covered with thin greyish hairs ;
limbs short and slender, hands and feet white above, the claws
almost concealed by the long white hairs, pads as in the other
species ; tarsus with a very narrow naked line almost concealed by
the long white hairs ; tail short, obscurely ringed, covered with a
thick coating of hairs, white above and below.

Dimensions (from an old stuffed specimen). Head and body 7*0 ;
tail broken about 2-0; hind foot 1-0; from ear-opening to nose-tip
1-40 ; skull length about 1-45, breadth -72 ; upper cheek teeth -25.

Distribution. The single specimen from which the above account
is taken was obtained some years ago on the Cape Flats, and is now
in the South African Museum. Possibly it may turn out to be an
undescribed species.

FAMILY BATHYEKGIDAE.

GEN. BATHYERGUS.

Bathyergus, ILLIGER, Prodr. Syst. Mam., p. 86 (1811). Type
-B. maritimus.

Burrowing rodents with small eyes, no ear conch, and the toes of
the fore feet with specially long claws, of which that of the second
digit is considerably the longest ; hind foot with the third toe the
longest.

Skull massive with an almost straight upper profile and a small
sub-circular antorbital foramen.

Dentition. i. 1/1 ; c. 0/0 ; p.m. 1/1 ; HI. 3/3 = 20 ; upper incisors
large, broad, and grooved, lower incisors also large but smooth ;
molars simple with re-entering folds in youth only.

Only the single species below described is known.

BATHYERGUS MARITIMUS, THE SAND MOLE.

Mus maritimus, GMELIN, Linn. Syst. Nat. ; p. 140 (1788).

Mus suillus, SCHREBER, Saugeth., iv., p. 715, pi. cciv. B (1792).

Georychus maritimus, A. SMITH, Descr. Cat. S. Afr. Mus., p. 28
(1826).

Bathyergus maritimus, SMUTS, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 48 (1832) ;
A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 170 (1834) ; LAYARD, Cat.
Mam. S. Afr. Mus., p. 55 (1862).

226 Annals of tJie South African Museum.

Oryctcnts maritinms, WATEBHOUSE, Ann. Mag. N. H. (1) viii.,
p. 81, pi. ii., fig. 1 [skull] , (1842).

Description. General colour slaty grey with a distinct brown
tinge on the back, fur soft, thick and rather woolly, slaty for the
greater part of its length, the tips on the back being pale brown ;
head somewhat acutely pointed, a considerable flesh-coloured patch
surrounding the nostrils and reaching the edge of the upper lip ; the
incisors so long that they are always visible, the lips not being large
enough to cover them ; eyes about as large as the head of a large
pin, the eyeballs being about '10 in. in diameter ; external ears
absent, a small round hole surrounded by a fleshy coloured bare
margin marking the external opening of the meatus ; limbs very
short, the fore feet with five toes all with large strong claws much
better developed than those of the hind feet, the second the longest,
then the. third, fourth, fifth, and first in order ; hind foot with a
broad naked sole, along the sides of which run fringes of white stiff
bristle-like hairs ; the five toes of the hind foot are all clawed, the
middle one being the longest, the claws somewhat flattened and nail-
like ; tail very short, covered on the sides and below with stiff white
bristles.

Incisors white, those of the upper jaw strongly grooved down the
middle of the tooth ; those of the lower very long, sometimes over
three inches, of which half protrude beyond the socket ; these teeth
are separated by a slight interval ; the molars somewhat oval in
section, decreasing in size from in front backwards, surrounded by a
ring of enamel with infoldings gradually disappearing with age.

White and piebald varieties of this animal are not uncommon.

Dimensions (from a skin). Head and body 16'50 ; tail 1*25 ; hind
foot 1'87 ; from ear-opening to nose-tip 4'50 ; skull length 2-70,
breadth 1-90 ; upper molars '50.

Distribution. This animal appears to be found only along the
coast and never inland, it is abundant near Cape Town, and seems
to extend northwards to Namaqualand, and eastwards as far as
Knysna certainly, perhaps as far as Bathurst. All the specimens
in the South African Museum are from the neighbourhood of Cape
Town.

GEN. GEOEYCHUS.

Georychus, ILLIGEE, Prodr. Syst. Mam., p. 87 (1811). Type G.
capensis.

Eodent moles closely resembling Batliycrgus externally, but with

Descriptive List of the Rodents of SoutJt Africa. 227

quite small claws to both feet, the second and third toes of both
fore and hind feet are about equal, and the longest.

Skull with a somewhat rounded upper profile ; teeth as in
Bathyergus, but with the upper incisors quite smooth.

This is a purely African genus ; in addition to those described
below, there are some three or four species known from Angola,
Central and East Africa.

GEOKYCHUS CAPENSIS, THE BLESMOL.

Mus capcnsis, PALLAS, Glires, pp. 76, 172, pi. vii. (1779).

Bathyergus capcnsis, SMUTS, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 49 (1832) ; A.
SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 170(1834) ; WATERHOUSE, Ann.
Mag. N. H. (1), viii., p. 81, pi. ii., fig. 2 (1842).

Georychus capcnsis, A. SMITH, Descr. Cat. S. Afr. Mus., p. 26
(1826) ; GRILL, Victorin Zool. Anteck. k. Yet. Akad. Handl. Stock-
holm, ii., p. 19 (1858) [Cape Town and Knysna] ; LAYARD, Cat.
Mam. S. Afr. Mus., p. 55 (1862); GRAY, Proc. Zool. Soc., p 123
1864; P. L. SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc., pp. 246, 449 (1889) [white
var.] ; THOMAS, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xvi., p. 238 (1895).

Description. General colour above a rusty brown becoming paler
on the sides, and slaty grey below ; the fur soft and thick, and with
slaty bases throughout, except on the spots ; head becoming darker,
almost black ; round the nostrils and mouth, round the eyes, round
the ear-openings and on the top of the head a set of pure white
patches ; head much truncated in front ; eyes very small ; external
ears absent ; limbs short, fore feet with five small claws, hind feet
also with five claws, short and broad, the sole covered with wrinkles
and creases, but with no definite pads ; tail very short, thick, and
rounded, covered with white stiff bristles ; mammae 8 in number
2 pairs pectoral, 2 pairs inguinal.

Young of about five inches are a pure slaty grey above, not rusty
brown. Skull with the nasals and premaxillae, extending back
about the same distance, incisors white, quite smooth ; upper molars
increasing in size from before backwards, the premolars being the
smallest.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen). Head and body 8 - 5 ; tail
80; hind foot 1'20 ; from ear-opening to nose-tip 1 '5 ; skull length
2 - 10, breadth 1'60 ; upper molars '33.

Distribution. The western half of the Colony extending to
Narnaqualand and Kimberley in the north and to Knysna in the
east.

16

228 Annals of the South African, Museum.

GEORYCHUS DAMABBNSIS, THE DAMARALAND BLESMOL.
Bathyergus damarcnsis, OGILBY, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 5 (1838).
Georychus damarensis, GRAY, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 125 (1864) ;
THOMAS, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xvi., p. 239 (1895).

Description. Size about the same as the common Blesmol.
General colour uniform reddish brown above and below with a
large irregularly square white mark on the occiput and another on
each side of the neck below the ears, meeting below on the throat,
which is therefore a dirty white ; feet reddish brown ; tail short,
covered with stiff reddish brown bristles. (Ogilby.)

Dimensions. Head and body 8'25 ; tail - 25.

Distribution. The type of this species, now in the British
Museum, was obtained many years ago by Capt. Alexander in
Damaraland ; it also occurs in Angola. It is not represented in the
collections of the South African Museum.

GEORYCHUS DARLINGI, DARLING'S BLESMOL.
Georychus darling i, THOMAS, Ann. Mag. N H. (6), xvi., p. 239
(1895) ; DE WINTON, Proc. Zool. Soc. ; p. 805, pi. xl., fig. 1 (1896).

Description. Size small ; fur close, soft, and velvety, general
colour uniform drab, the bases of the fur slaty grey, below slightly
paler ; a large prominent triangularly shaped spot on the crown of
the head ; feet and tail as in G. hottentotits.

Skull broad and heavy, nasals short and evenly expanded, pre-
maxillae surpassing them posteriorly and forming a suture behind
them ; antorbital foramen higher than broad, with a thick outer
wall.

Dimensions (from a male measured in the flesh). Head and body
5-0 ; tail '47 ; hind foot -86 ; skull length 1-12, breadth -88 ; upper
molars '22.

Distribution. The type now in the British Museum was obtained
by Mr. G. A. K. Marshall, near Salisbury, and other specimens
collected by Mr. Darling were received from Mazoe also in
Mashonaland, at the same time ; not represented in the South
African Museum.

GEORYCHUS HOTTENTOTUS, THE MOLE EAT.

Bathyergus hottcntotiis, LESSON, Voy. Coq. Zool., i., p. 166, pi. ii.
(1825).

Bathyergus caecutiens, BRANTS, Muizen, p. 37 (1827) ; SMUTS,

Dcscripticc List of the Rodents of South Africa. 229

Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 49 (1832) ; A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii.,
p. 171 (1834).

Bathyenjux iudovujii, A. SMITH, Zool. Journ., iv., p. 439 (1829).

Georychus Jiolosericeiis, WAGNER, Schreber Saugeth. Suppl., iii.,
p. 373 (1843).

Georyclius caecutiens, GRAY, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 125 (1864) ;
THOMAS, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xvi., p. 238 (1895).

Georyclms hottentotus, GRILL, k. Vet. Akad. Hancll. Stockholm,
ii., p. 19 (1858) [Knysna] ; NOAK, Zool. Jahrb., iv., p. 144, pi. iii.,
figs. 21-25 (1895) [Kalahari] .

Description. Much smaller than (Jr. capensis; general colour dark
slaty with a tinge of dark brown above owing to the brown tipping
of the slaty fur, below the tipping is dirty white, giving a paler
general aspect to the fur ; no sign of white anywhere on the head,
which is the same colour as the body ; not entirely blind as described
by Brants, but with very small eyeballs about '08 in. in diameter
and a distinct slit measuring about the same length ; limbs and tail
as in the other species, but with the sole of the foot narrower and
more slender.

Skull with the premaxillae extending further back than the nasals
and forming a suture in the middle line behind; the lachrymal bone
forms on either side a slight overhanging projection, rendering the
skull at this point much wider than it is just behind ; antorbital
opening elongated and upright. The upper molars are more rounded
than in G. capensis, and decrease in size from in front backwards,
the premolar being the largest.

Dimensions (of a male in the flesh). Head and body 5'62 ; tail
50; hind foot '92; skull length 1*35; breadth '97; upper molars - 25.

Distribution. This is the common Mole Eat of the eastern
province of the Colony and Natal, though extending as far as
Stellenbosch in the west, whence the South African Museum pos-
sesses examples ; other localities are Uitenhage (Smith), Knysna
(Victoria), Kalahari (Noak), Johannesberg, Grahamstown, Howick,
and Durban in Natal (South African Museum).

GEORYCHUS NIMRODI, SELOUS'S MOLE EAT.
Gcorychus nimrodi, DE WINTON, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 808 (1896).

Description. About the same size as G. hottentotus; general
colour dark drab with no white spot on the head ; skull with the
premaxillae not extending posteriorly bsyond the nasals, so that tho
suture between these and the frontals is a simple bowed line ; ant-
orbital foramina small, with the outer wall thickened.

230 Annals of the South African Muse inn.

Dimensions (of the type, a male in the flesh). Head and hody
5-75 ; hind foot '96 ; skull length 1-22, breadth T06.

Distribution. The type together with several other examples,
were all obtained by Mr. Selous, at Essex Vale, a farm near Bula-
wayo, and are now in the British Museum.

FAMILY PEDETIDAE.

GEN. PEDETES.

Pedetes, ILLIGER, Prodr. Syst. Mamm., p. 81 (1811). Type P.
caffer.

Helamys, F. CUVIER, Diet. Sci. Nat., xx., p. 344 (1817). Type P.
caffer.

Form kangaroo-like, with short fore limbs, and well-developed
hind limbs, the metatarsus being especially elongated and the
metatarsal bones separate from one another ; there are four toes
armed with hoof-like nails.

Skull short and broad with very wide and expanded nasals, ant-
orbital opening very large and oval ; malar bone ascending from
the zygomatic arch in a horizontal plate to meet the lachrymal
bone ; cervical vertebrae free.

Dentition. i. 1/1 ; c. 0/0; p.m. 1/1 ; m. 3/3 = 20 ; molars rootless,
with a single deep enamel fold externally in the upper jaw, internally
in the lower jaw.

This genus, the only one of the family, and containing the single
species below described, is a rather anomalous one, and has no near
allies, so that its position among the other rodent families has varied
considerably. Mr. Alston, in his classical paper on the arrangement
of Eodents (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 61), placed it in a special
sub-family of Dipodidac, or Jerboa rats, among the Myomorplia ;
several authors have recognised the fact that the resemblances
between the Jerboas and Pedetes are artificial and adaptive rather
than natural, and Dr. Winge, of Copenhagen, in a general revision
of the Eodents," placed the Pecletidac between the Sciuridae and the
Anomoluridae ; Mr. 0. Thomas, t however, in his recently published
list has transferred the family to the Hystricomorplm, and placed
them at the commencement of the series ; on the whole, most of

* Jordfnndene og nulevende Gnavene fra Lagoa Santa E. Mus Lundii, iii. (1887).
t Proc. Zool. Soc. (1896), p. 1012.

Descriptive Lint of the Rodents of South Africa. 231

the characters of the skull and teeth bear out the contention of
Mr. Thomas.

PEDETES CAFFEB, THE SPRING-HAAS.

Mas caffer, PALLAS, Glires, p. 87 (1778).

Yerbua capensis, FORSTER, k. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm,
p. 108, pi. iii. (1778).

Hclamys capensis, F. CUVIER, Hist. Nat. Mam., livr. 59 (1829) ;
LAYARD, Cat. Mamm. S. Afr. Mus., p. 55 (1862).

Pedetes caffer, A. SMITH, Descr. Cat. S. Afr. Mus., p. 26 (1826) ;
SMUTS, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 47 (1832).

Pedetes typicus, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 169
(1834).

Description. General colour tawny brown, becoming paler on
the sides and almost pure white below, including a vertical stripe
in front of the thighs ; fur long, straight, dark brown, with a slaty
tinge basally, sandy brown terminally ; rhinarium not connected
with the upper lip by a naked line ; snout very obtuse, eye large,
ears long and pointed, measuring 2^ to 3 in., thickly clothed
with hairs basally, nearly naked terminally, bearing at the base
of the inner margin a little fleshy projecting lobe resembling a bat's
tragus ; fore limbs short, with five toes, all provided with long,
curved, and pointed claws, palm of the hand with a large, rounded,
naked pad at the root of the thumb, and another smaller oval one
with a fringe of hairs around it at the root of the fifth digit ; hind
limbs much elongated, the tarsus being as long as the foot from
the knee to the ankle ; only four toes, the third the largest, the
fifth the smallest, and the first absent, all armed with solid hoof-
like nails ; sole of the foot hairy to the claws ; tail about as long
as the head and body, covered with long hairs, sandy brown above,
pale below, the terminal third black ; mammae 4 in number,
pectoral in position.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen). Head and body 23-50 ;
tail without terminal hairs 20'50 ; with 21-50 ; hind foot 6'50 ; from
ear-opening to tip of nose 4-0 ; skull length from condyle to pre-
maxillae 2-95, between perpendiculars 3'8, breadth 2-35 ; upper
molars '78.

Distribution. Found throughout the drier and higher parts of
South Africa extending northwards to Angola and Unyamwezi in
German East Africa, but not apparently occurring in Nyassaland,
Mozambique, or Natal ; the South African Museum possesses

Annals of the South African Museum.

examples from the Port Elizabeth, Albany, Graaf Eeinet, and Middel-
burg Divisions of the Colony, it is also found throughout the Orange
Free State, Griqualand West, Bechuanaland, the Transvaal,
Bhodesia, and German South-West Africa.

FAMILY OCTODONTIDAE.

GEN. PETEOMYS.

Pctromys, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., i., No. 5, p. 11 (1831).
Type P. typicus.

Compact, rounded animals with moderate rounded ears, with tails
only a little shorter than the body covered with stiff hairs, which
become longer towards the tip ; five toes to both fore and hind
limbs, the pollex, however, being short and rudimentary.

Skull very broad posteriorly, with very large antorbital openings,
at the base of which is a groove for the passage of the nerve.

Dentition. i. 1/1; c. 0/0; p.m. 1/1; m. 3/3 = 20; upper incisors
smooth, small, and compressed ; molars rooted somewhat quadrate
with a single fold internal in the upper and external in the lower
jaw, and with indications of smaller opposite folds external in the
upper, internal in the lower jaw.

Only one species of this genus, that below described, is known.

PETKOMYS TYPICUS, THE BOCK BAT, OB NOKI.

Petromys typicus, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., i., No. 5, p. 11
(1831) ; ID., ibid., ii., p. 146 (1834) ; ID., Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mam.,
plates xx., xxi. (skull and anat.), (1849); WATEEHOUSE, Nat. Hist.
Mam., ii., p. 308, pi. xvi., fig. 8, pi. xvii., fig. 1 (1848).

Description. General shape rat-like ; colour dull brownish grey,
pencilled tawny and black, hinder part of the back and posterior
extremities dull chestnut, all the hairs bluish grey at the base ; below
dull white tinged with tawny ; apex of the muzzle and orbit bright
chestnut, whiskers long, rigid, and black, snout projecting and
truncated ; ears rather small, wider than high, blackish, only
moderately clothed with hair ; fore limbs with four clawed toes,
the first being represented by mere tubercle, palms with five rather
swollen pads ; claws back ; hind limbs somewhat thickened, hairy
above, naked below, with six pads, the three at the base of the toes
large and oval, the two next small and rounded, the proximal one

Lint of tlie Rodents of South Africa. 233

much elongated but not well developed, all the toes clawed, the first
short and not reaching the base of the second.

Tail a little shorter than the head and body, cylindrical, covered
with scales, which, however, are concealed by the long black hairs,
these are about '25 in. long towards the base, but gradually increase
to about -75 in. at the tip, the extreme base of the tail is the same
colour as the body, the rest of it is black.

Incisors yellowish.

Dimensions (from a specimen in alcohol). Head and body 5 '75 ;
tail 5'30; hind foot 1-25; from ear-opening to tip of nose 1*50;
length of a skin according to Smith 7 '25 ; skull length 1-63, breadth
98 ; upper molars -38.

Distribution. The Eock Eat has been found only in Namaqualand ;
Sir A. Smith obtained his specimens in the mountains towards the
mouth of the Orange Eiver. The South African Museum is indebted
to Dr. Howard for examples of this species, obtained at Klipfontein
about fifty miles inland from Port Nolloth.

GEN. THEYONOMYS.

Aulacochis, TEMMINCK, Monogr. Mam., i., p. 245 (1827) (nee
Eschschricht). Type T. swinderenianus.

Thryonomys, FITZINGEB, S. B. Akad. Wien, Ivi., p. 141 (1867).
Type T. semipalmatus.

Stout, rat-like animals, with blunt muzzles, harsh fur, and short
tails sparsely covered with stiff bristles ; the fore feet with a
rudimentary pollex and a small fifth toe, the hind foot with only
four digits, the outer (fifth) being very short.

Skull with inflated facial and small cranial divisions, the occipital
and lamboidal crests are very well developed, the antorbital opening
is large and has a special basal groove for the reception of the
nerve.

Dentition. i. 1/1; c. 0/0 ; p.m. 1/1 ; m. 3/3 = 20; incisors very
broad, the upper ones with three strong longitudinal grooves ; the
lower ones smooth ; molars rooted, with, in the upper jaw two
external and one internal enamel folds ; in the lower jaw one
external and two internal folds.

The use of the old and more familiar name for this genus,
Aidacodus, has recently been shown by Thomas to be inadmis-
sible, as it was previously used by Eschschricht for a genus of
Coleoptera.

234 Annals of the South African Museum.

Four species from other parts of Africa are recognised in addition
to the one below described.

THRYONOMYS SWINDERENIANUS, THE CANE EAT.

Aulacodus siclndcrianus, TEMMINCK, Monogr. Mam., i., pp. 245,
248, pi. xxv. [juv.] (1827) ; WATERHOUSE, Nat. Hist. Mam., ii.,
p. 356, pi. xvi., fig. 2 (1848); LAYARD, Cat. Mam. S. Afr. Mus.,
p. 50 (1862).

Aulacodus swinderenianus, THOMAS, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xiii.,
p. 202 (1894).

Desertion. General colour speckled yellow and brown, below
paler, body covered everywhere with coarse bristles, no under-fur,
the bristles are pale brown for the greater part of their length, with
subterminal black and terminal yellow portions, they are flattened
and grooved on the upper surface ; chin and upper lip dirty white ;
ears short, broad and rounded, almost concealed among the bristles,
covered with a few dark hairs ; limbs rather short, with four clawed
toes to each, those of the fore limb being the shorter, pollex very
small with a flat nail, hallux absent ; tail less than half the length of
the head and body, somewhat rat-like, covered with short stiff
hairs, dark above, light below, the scaly skin being hardly hidden ;
mammae 6 in number, pectoral in position.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen). Head and body 19'0 ; tail
7'0, hind foot 2'80 ; from ear-opening to nose-tip 3-55 ; skull length
3-75, breadth 2'62 ; upper molars -75 ; weight of a male from 9 to
10 Ibs.

Distribution. The Cane Eat was originally described by Temminck
from a young specimen of which the history was unknown ; sub-
sequently it was obtained from Sierra Leone and Natal, and it is
now known as well from French Congo, Angola, German East
Africa, Nyassaland, and Mozambique. Within our limits it is found
only in the eastern Transvaal, Zululand, Natal, and the eastern
portion of the Colony as far as Grahamstown.

FAMILY HYSTEICIDAE.

GEN. HYSTEIX.

Hyatri.1-, LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i., p. 75 (1766).
Porcupines with short tails, smooth soles, and furrowed uppei
lips ; the skull is ovate and greatly inflated with air sinus, the nasal
cavity being specially large ; the clavicles are imperfect.

Descriptive List of the Rodents of SoutJi. Africa. 235

Dentition. i. 1/1; c. 0/0; p.m. 11 ; m. 3/3 = 20; molars semi-
rooted, those of the upper jaw with one internal and three or four
external enamel folds, this arrangement being reversed in the lower
jaw ; the folds soon become with wear simple loops of enamel inside
the margin of the tooth.

Only one member of this genus occurs within our limits, the
other species are spread over Southern Europe, Asia, and Northern
Africa.

HYSTRIX AFBICAE-AUSTRALIS, THE SOUTH AFRICAN PORCUPINE.

Hystrix cristata, apud SMUTS, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 50 (1832) ;
A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 171 (1834) ; LAYARD, Cat.
Mam. S. Afr. Mus., p. 55 (1862) (nee Linnaeus).

Hystrix africac-australis, PETERS, Reise Mozauib. Siiugeth.,
p. 170, pi. xxxii., figs. 6, 7 [skull] (1852).

Hijstrix capcnsis, GRILL, k. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm, ii.,
p. 19 (1858).

Description. General colour dark brown, almost black, the fore
part of the body and limbs covered with long coarse bristles, which
are not stiff and sharp ; along the nape of the neck and the middle
of the front part of the back the bristles are very long, up to 16
inches, and stand up at the will of the animal and form a crest ;
towards the hinder part of the back and the haunches the bristles
become stronger, stouter, and sharp-pointed, forming the true
quills, these are banded brown and white, the brown bands being
the broader and the tips white ; all the quills are longitudinally
striated.

Head much rounded, the rhinarium somewhat hairy and connected
with the upper lip by a bare line, eyes small and black, ears short,
broad, and rounded, thick with a few fine hairs ; sometimes a white
transverse mark on the chest ; feet covered with bristles nearly con-
cealing the toes and claw 7 s, which are four in number on the fore feet
(the pollex being rudimentary) and five on the hind ; tail short,
entirely surrounded and concealed by the spines, the point with a
tuft of hollow membranous cylinders, which in the young are pointed
and spiny, but broken off in the older animals.

The differences betw y een this species and that of Southern Europe
and Northern Africa (H. cristata) are chiefly cranial, and were first
noticed by Peters.

In the South African species the nasal bones reach backwards as
far as the anterior border of the orbit, while in H. cristata they

236 Annals of the South African Museum.

extend much further, as far as the posterior root of the zygoma. In
consequence of this the frontal bones in H. africae-australis are
much longer, being more than half the length of the nasals and
twice as long as their distance from the occipital crest ; in H. cristata,
on the other hand, they are less than half the length of the nasals
and just about as long as their distance from the occipital crests.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen). Head and body 26-0 ; tail
about 5'0 ; hind foot 4-50 ; from ear-opening to nose-tip 6'50 ; skull
length 6-0, breadth 3'40 ; upper molars 1-5.

Distribution. This porcupine is found all over South Africa,
extending northwards as far as French Congo on the west and
German East Africa on the east ; within our limits it appears to be
very widely spread, being recorded from nearly all the districts of
the Colony, from German South-West Africa, Khodesia, the Trans-
vaal, Orange Free State, and Natal. It is not uncommon on the
slopes of Table Mountain.

FAMILY LEPORIDAE.
GEN. LEPUS.

Lcpus, LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i., p. 77 (1766).

Eodents with long ears and hind legs and short, bushy, recurved
tails ; limbs with five toes to the fore and four to the hind feet, soles
very thickly haired.

Skull with the bony palate reduced to a mere bridge between the
molars, with no true alisphenoid canal, and with a very peculiarly
shaped postorbital process ; this where it springs from the frontals
is quite narrow but afterwards expands to form a flattened bar
margining the upper rim of the orbit.

Dentition. -i. 2/1 (at birth 3/1); c. 0/0; p.m. 3/2; m. 3/3 == 28;
the outer upper incisors are soon lost, the next pair are very small
and placed directly behind the large middle pair which are longi-
tudinally grooved ; grinding teeth rootless with transverse enamel
folds dividing them into lobes.

The genus contains the hares and rabbits, of which there are a
large number of species distributed all over the world, with the
exception of the Australian region and Madagascar.

LEPUS CAPEXSIS, THE CAPE HAKE.

Lepus capensis, LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i., p. 76 (1766) ;
SMUTS, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 51 (1832) ; A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart.

Descriptive Lint of the Rodents of South Africa. 237

Journ., ii., p. 172 (1H34) ; WATERHOUSE, Nat. Hist. Mam., ii., p. 95
(1848) ; GRILL, k. Vet. Akad. Hancll. Stockholm, ii., p. 19 (1858) ;
LAYARD, Cat. Mam. S. Afr. Mus., p. 56 (1862); NOAK, Zool. Jahrb.
iv., p. 159 (1889) [Kalahari].

Lepus arcnaritis, Is. GEOFFROY, Diet. Class. d'Hist. Nat., ix.,
p. 383 (1825) [Port Natal].

Lepus ocliropus, WAGNER, Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl., iv., p. 96
(1844).

Description. General colour speckled black and yellowish brown,
the hairs somewhat coarser than that of the other species, woolly
and pale slate colour at the base, the tips yellowish brown with a
sub-terminal band of black ; sides paler somewhat rufous, below
white tinged with rufous ; chin pale yellowish, chest pale brownish,
outside of the limbs with a rufous tinge, round the eye a pale almost
white ring ; ears moderate, about 4^ in. in length from the point of
coalescence of the margins to the tip, almost naked anteriorly,
posteriorly w r ith the inner half thickly clothed with short almost
black hairs, the tips and upper margins quite black ; nape and
occiput grey not rufous ; feet clothed with comparatively short hairs
so that the claws are hardly hidden ; tail rather long, jet-black above
pure white below.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen). Head and body 23-0;
tail 4-0 ; hind foot 4-50 ; from ear to tip of nose 4-5 ; skull length
3 -42, breadth 1-55 ; upper molars '54.

Distribution. The Cape Hare is found almost everywhere through-
out the Colony, and extends northwards through Angola to French
Congo on the West Coast, and through Natal, Mozambique, and
German East Africa to Kilimanjaro on the East Coast ; it has been
noticed by Kirby in the Eastern Transvaal, but hitherto its occur-
rence in Ehodesia and Nyassaland has not been authenticated. It
is common in the immediate neighbourhood of Cape Town, w T hence
come the examples in the South African Museum.

LEPUS SAXATILIS, THE EOCK HARE.

Lcpus saxatilis, F. CUVIER, Diet. Sci. Nat., xxvi., p. 309 (1823) ;
A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 173(1834); SMUTS, Enum.
Mam. Cap., p. 52 (1832) ; WATERHOUSE, Nat. Hist. Mam., ii., p. 92,
pi. i., fig. 1 (1848) ; LAYARD, Cat. Mam. S. Afr. Mus., p. 56 (1862).

Lepus rnfinucha, A. SMITH, Zool. Journ., iv., p. 440 (1829).

Lepus fumiyattiK, WAGNER, Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl., iv., p. 98
(1844).

238 Annals of the South African Museum.

Description. Considerably larger than the other two species ;
general colour speckled black and yellowish brown, but with no
trace of the rufous ; below, including the chin, white with a pale
yellowish tinge, chest like the back, no black mark on the cheek, a
white spot often present on the forehead ; ears very long from the
confluence of the margins about 5J in., from the extreme base about
617 in., nearly naked anteriorly ; the inner half of the posterior sur-
face thickly covered with short hair and along the margin of the tip
a fringe of black ; a rufous patch on the nape and occiput as in L.
crassicaudatus ; limbs much longer than those of the other species ;
claws concealed by the long hairs ; tail long like that of L. capensis,
white with a black streak above.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen). Head and body 26'0 ; tail
about 4'0 ; hind foot 5'75 ; from ear to tip of nose 6'0 ; skull length
4'15, breadth 1*82 ; upper molars - 66.

Distribution. This Hare appears to be confined to the higher hills
throughout South Africa as far north as Ovampoland and Ehodesia ;
it does not seem to be recorded from the countries beyond our limits,
though it is noted by Peters from the neighbourhood of Tette on the
Zambesi.

CKASSICAUDATUS, THE EED HARE.

Lepus crassicaudatus, Is. GEOFFROY, Mag. Zool., pi. xix. (1832) ;
WATERHOUSE, Nat. Hist. Mam., ii., p. 99 (1848) ; LAYARD, Cab. Mam.
S. Afr., p. 57 (1862).

Lepus rupestris, A. SMITH, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 174 (1834).

Lepus melanurus, BUEPPELL, Mus. Senckenbergianum, iii., p. 137
(1842).

Description. General colour speckled black and yellowish brown
much as in L. capensis, but perhaps a little lighter, becoming rufous-
white below ; fur softer than in L. capensis ; chin white, separated
on either side from the grey of the cheeks by a black line running
back from the angle of the mouth to below the ear ; a whitish ring
round the eye ; ears moderate rounded at the extremities, about
4^ in. in length, nearly naked anteriorly, posteriorly a band along
the inner margin covered with very short speckly black and yellow
hairs ; a pure rufous patch on the occiput and nape of the neck, the
rufous extending up the base of the ears ; legs and feet short and
rufous-brown ; tail thick and bushy, pale brown above and below,
with no white or black as in the other species.

Descriptive List of the Barents of SoittJi Africa. 239

Dimensions. Head and body 20'0 ; tail 3'50 ; hind foot 5'0 ; from
ear-opening to tip of nose 4'5.

Distribution. This Hare is also found only in the hills at consider-
able elevations ; it appears to be fairly well distributed all over the
Colony, Natal, the Orange Free State and Southern' Transvaal ; it
has recently been obtained on the Nyika plateau at an elevation of
7,000 ft. in Nyassaland. An example in the South African Museum
is from Beaufort West.

ADDENDA.

While the above was passing through the press the South African
Museum received from Mr. W. Francis, of Inhambane, in Portuguese
South-East Africa, examples of the large Gambian Pouched Rat
(Cricetomys gambianus), which must accordingly be added to the
above list. Peters also notes its occurrence near Inhambane.
Its position should be just after Mns on page 214.

On page 203 the dimensions of Malacothrix pcntonyx were acci-
dentally omitted ; they are as follows, taken from a dismounted
skin, the type of the species : head and body 2 -75 ; tail 2-10 ; hind
foot -65 ; ear to nose-tip 1-1 ; skull length -91, breadth -5, upper
cheek teeth -19.

(240)

VII. Fifth Contribution to the South African Coleopterous
Fauna. By L. PERINGUEY, Assistant Director."

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA, CHIEFLY IN THE
COLLECTION OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. (Plates VI., VII.)

FAMILY SCYDMJENIDJE.

ONEILA, nov. gen.

Scydmaeno vakle affinis, praecipue differt articulis 7 et 8 in marc
praesertim valde ampliatis, nonnunquam deformibus ; caput quad-
ratum, in collum distinctum productum ; palporum maxillarum
articulus penultimus longus, fusiformis, apice truncatus, ultimus
distincte subulatus ; prothorax sub-elongatus, postice attenuatus ;
elytra ovalia ; pedes longi, graciles, fernoribus valde clavatis.

ONEILA HETEROCERA,
Plate VIE, fig. 15?, 16^.

Caput piceum, nitidum, longe pilosum ; antennas articulis sex
primis rufescentibus, reliquis dilutioribus, duobus basilibus in mare
sat validis, aequalibus, 3-6 monilibus, confertis, praecedentibus
nonnihil angustioribus et dimidio brevioribus, 7 quadrate, introrsum
producto, profunde excavate, 8 maximo, praecedenti duplo longiore
et latiore, parte interna profunde lateque excavata, marginibus cavuu 1
in processu auriculato productis, 9-10 tranverse quadratis, hoc ill<>
nonnihil longiore, ultimo penultimis duobus vix longiore, basi trun-
cate, elongato-ovato, apice acuminate ; prothorax latitudine fere
duplo longior, convexus, ad basim lateraliter attenuatus, supra
convexus, intra basim bi-foveolatus, piceus, nitidus, setis rigid is

* The first four Contributions are published in the Transactions of the South
African Philosophical Society, 1885-1892.

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 241

nigrescentibus dense vestitus ; elytra ovalia, rufo-castanea, pilis
longis griseis decumbentibus vestita ; pedes sub-testacei, dense
pubescentes, tarsi flavi. Long. 1'70 mm. ; lat. 0'7 mm.
Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Kev. J. A. O'Neil.

ONEILA ENONENSIS,
Plate VII, tig. 17.

Praecedenti simillima, structura articulorum antennarum praecipuc
diff'ert ; caput nigrum, uitidum, longe pilosum ; antenna? in mare
articulis basalibus duobus sub-validis, aequalibus, 3-6 monilibus,
confertis, praecedentibus dimidio brevioribus, 7 conu simili, abrupte
truncate, basi apice quarto angustiore, introrsum leviter producto,
baud excavato, 8 maximo, praecedenti duplo longior, isto basi
aequali, sed apice duplo latior, introrsum a medio apice vakle
producto atque interne anguste sed profunde excavato, marginibus
excavationis simplicibus, 9-10 transverse quadratis, boc nonnibil
angustiore, ultimo penultimis duobus vix breviore, basi truncate,
elongato-ovato, apice acuminate ; feminae articulis 1-6 ut in mare,
7 sub-conico, praecedenti basi aequali, apice fere quarto latior, 8
sexto duplo latiore, inferne angulato, 9-10 tranversis, prsecedentibus
nonnihil angustioribus, ultimo basi truncate, elongato-ovato, apice
acuminate, penultimis duobus vix breviore ; prothorax, elytra, pedes,
corpus subtus ut in 0. hcterocera. Long. 1-67 mm. ; lat. 0'72 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Kev. J. A. O'Neil.

FAMILY CLERID^E.

GEN. PHILOCALUS, Klug.
PHILOCALUS BHODESIANUS.

Niger, fusco-villosus, prothoracis basi, elytrorum parte antica
pectoreque sanguineis ; caput sat magnum, parce fusco-villosum,
rugosum, antice bi-impressum, labro brunneo, palpis piceis ; antennae
pubescentes, articulis ultimis brunneo-infuscatis ; prothorax apice
basique truncatus, cylindricus, intra basim late profundeque con-
strictus, scrobiculatus, longe flavescente-villosus plagisque rotundatis
duabus parvis flavo-pubescentibus in medio notatus, niger, sub-
nitidus, parte constricta rubra ; elytra parallela, cylindrica, humeris
nonnihil rotundatis elevatisque, postice conjunctim rotundata, a basi
ad medium seriatim foveolata, deinde ad apicem late punctata, apice
ipso vix punctulato, a basi medio sanguinea, nitida, postice nigra,
fascia fiava traiisversa pone medium posita ornata ; subtus parcc

242 Annals of the South African Museum.

fusco-villosus, sanguineus, abdomine nigro ; pedes nigri, punctulati,
griseo-villosi. Long. 14 mm. ; lat. 4 mm.
Hab. Zambesia (Buluwayo). F. C. Selous.

PHILOCALUS EMERITUS.

Caput nigrum, longe fusco-villosum, confertim rugoso-punctatum,
fere scrobiculatum ; antennae nigrae, pubescentes ; prothorax antice
capite non angustior, ad quartam partem contractus, turn rotundatus
atque intra basim conspicue coarctatus, supra convexus, parte antica
longitudinaliter strigosa, disco distincte scrobiculato, longe villosus,
obscure sanguineus, margine apicali late fusco-nigra ; elytra fere
cylindrica, pone medium perparum ampliata, apice rotundata, a basi
ultra medium sat confertim foveolata, postice foveis elongatis apice
evanescentibus, a basi ad quartam partem obscure sanguinea, deinde
nigra, macula parva lateral! intra basim et medium posita, fascia
transversal! suturae approximata, post medium sita, flavis, fasciaque
apicali e pilis albidis formata ornata ; corpus subtus griseo-villosum ,
pectore obscure rufo ; abdomine brunneo-fusco ; pedes nigri, griseo-
villosi. Long. 12 mm. ; lat. 3f mm.

Probably allied to P. formosus, Boh.

Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg). T. Ayres.

The sculpture of the prothorax is quite similar to that of some
hymenopterous insects of the genus Mutilla.

FAMILY PTINID^E.

GEN. PTINUS, Linn.
PTINUS LEPIDUS.

Fusco-brunneus, antennis pedibusque brunneo-ferrugineis ; caput
dense hirsutum ; antennae corpore dimidio longioribus, articulo
tsrtio primo vix breviore, caateris, etiam articulo ultimo, longitudine
adsequantibus, sat graciles, articulo ultimo baud incrassato, apice vix
acuminate, breviter setulosae, articulis tribus basalibus sparse albido-
squamosis ; prothorax sub-cylindricus, intra basim coarctatus, sat
fortiter punctatus, pilis longis nigris, erectis, fasciculatis, in cristis
duabus utrinque dispositis squamisque nonnullis albidis intra basim
sparsis, dense obtectus ; scutellum albo-squamosum ; elytra basi
angulis rectis, parallela, apice conjunctim rotundata, convexa, pro-
thorace duplo latiora et quadruple longiora, profunde punctato-
striata, interstitiis angustis, alter nis longe denseque nigro-pilosis,
basi rufo-brunnea, late zonata, deinde apice obscure brunnea, fasciis
tranversis duabus e squamis albidis formata, prima basali, lata, altera

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 243

angusta, longe pone medium posita plagaque breve apicali, communi,
ornata. Long. 3 mm. ; lat. 1|- mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Stellenbosch).

Belongs to the same group as P. pulchellus, &c.

PTINUS HILARIS.

Brunneo-ferrugineus, antennis pedibusque dilutioribus, pube
flavescente vestitus ; caput longe pilosum ; antennae corpore non-
nihil breviores, articulo primo valido, tertio secundo perparum
longiore, caateris elongatis, aequalibus, ultimo praecsdenti nonnihil
longiore, sub-fusiformi ; prothorax antice fere cylindricus, a medio
basi valde coarctatus, in medio disci atque ad latera tenuissime canali-
culatus, pilis decumbentibus flavescentibus sparse obtectus cristisque
medianis rotundatis quatuor parum elevatis, e pilis densioribus
formatis, munitus ; scutellum infuscatum ; elytra ovalia, profunde
punctata, interstitiis angustis, sub-acutis, breviter setulosis ; setis
seviatis, confertis ; pedes dense pubescentes. Long. 3 mm. ; lat.
l.\ mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Stellenbosch).

The general appearance, owing to the ovate elytra, approximates,
among the South African species, that of P. affinis, Per., but the
shape of the five basal joints of the antennas and also the disposition
of the fasciculated hairs on the elytra are very different.

GEN. MEZIUM, Curt.
MEZIUM NOTIALE.

Brunneo-rufum ; caput dense flavo pubescens ; antennae pu-
bescentes, fere medium corporis attingentes, articulis, ultimis duobus
exceptis, asqualibus, squamoso pubescentibus, apice breviter setulosis ;
prothorax pube flava lanuginosa dense obsitus, distincte longitudi-
naliter tri-canaliculatus, interstitiis rotundatis, setulosis, elevatis,
postice in tuberculum sat validum, rotundatum, a parte anterior!
haud disjunctum productis ; elytra globosa, acute costata, costis
sparse fulvo squarnosis, basi conspicue squamoso fasciculatis, setis
erectis nonnullis seriatis, obsitis ; pedes tarsique pube squamosa
dense obtecti ; pectore abdomineque setis squamosis, decumbentibus,
confertis, obtectis. Long 2 mm. ; lat. 1^- mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (exact locality unknown).

17

442 Annals of the South African Museum.

MEZIUM NATALENSE,

Plate VII., fig. 14, 14a.

Brunneo-rufum, nitidum ; caput dense flavo-pubescens ; antennae
pubescentes, graciles, ultra medium corporis attingentes, articulis
fere aequalibus, apice vix setulosis ; pro thorax indumento flavescente,
parce setuloso, dense obtectus, utrinque distincte canaliculatus,
margine lateral! acuta, ad medium aculeata, dein basi attenuata,
recta, disco callo valde elevato postice sulco lato a basi ultra
medium diviso, margine antica sulco angustiori circulatim divisa ;
elytra globosa, sat acute costata, costis basi fasciculatis, setis erectis
confertis seriatim obsitis, interstitiis distincte punctatis ; pedes tarsique
pube squamosa dense obtecti, illis apice setulosis; subtus pectore ab-
domineque setis squamosis decumbentibus confertis, obtectis. Long.
2-2J mm. ; lat. 1$-1| mm.

Hab. Natal (Estcourt). A. E. Haviland.

D AMARUS, gen. nov.

Mezio veresimilis ab illo diff'ert antennis validioribus, 10-articulatis,
articulis setis rigidis, crassis coronatis, articulo basali valido, oblique
truncate, extrorsum deflexo, apice valde oblique truncato, secundo
primo multo breviore, in latera ejusdem externe sito, 3-9 obconicis,
ultimo duobus praecedentibus simul sumptis longitudine nonnihil
breviore, baud latiore, apice acute acuminate, haud setoso atque
mesosterno latiore, rotundato.

The last joint of the antennae shows in the female a very faint
trace of suture at about the median part, where the tenth and
eleventh joints have become fused.

DAMABUS SINGULAKIS,
Plate VII., fig. 18.

Totus niger, glaber, capite, prothorace, pectore abdominisque
segmentis basalibus tribus indumento cretaceo, nitido obtecto ; caput
supra leve, vertice profunde sparsim punctato, punctis profundis
setarn rigidam, validam ferentibus ; prothorax transversus, inermis,
lateraliter angulatus, in dorso distincte bi-callosus, ad latera medioque
postice leviter sulcatus ; scutellum glabrum ; elytra globosa, nitida,
sutura costisque acute carinatis tribus, duabus discoidalibus basi
hamatis, utrinque praedita, interstitiis latis ; pedes tarsique crassi,

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 245

glabri, his setis rigidis munitis, tibiis anticis interne valide rigide
setosis ; sterno abdominisque segmentibus basalibus tribus profunde
et sparse punctatis, punctis profundis setani rigidam validam fereu-
tibus. Long. 2^-3 mm. ; lat. lf-li mm.

Mas a femina differt antennarum articulo basali fere duplo
crassiore.

Hab. Damaraland ('? Walfish Bay).

GEN. DIPLOCOTIDUS.

Palpi fere ut in Ptino ; caput antice verticale, vertice valde
elevato ; oculi prominentes ; antennae longitudine corporis, articulo
basali valido, crasso, sub-flexo, apice oblique truncate, secundo
primo duplo breviore, in latero ejusdem sito, 3-5 elongato-conicis,
latitudine apicali fere tertio longioribus, 6-10 sub-turbinatis, in-
trorsum linearibus, extrorsum apice angulatim productis, articulo
ultimo praecedenti tertio longior, conico, a tertia parte attenuate,
apice acuminate ; prothorax bi-partitus ; scutellum obliteratum ;
elytra ovata ; coxae validissime product, globosae, anterioribus sat
approximatis, intermediis distantibus, posticis transversim late
-disseptis ; abdominis segmentum basale aiigustissimum, vix per-
spicuum ; pedes elongati, sat crassi, unguibus brevibus.

The general facies is not unlike some species of Ptimts, but it is
easily differentiated by the highly raised frontal part of the head
supporting the antennal tubercles, the very great development of
the coxae, and the reduction of the basal segment of the abdomen.
It resembles very much Diplocotes, an Australian genus, and might
prove to be identical in spite of the difference in the shape of the
last joint of antennae and of the prothorax, but the coxae are much
more broadly separated longitudinally, the posterior ones being
almost contiguous to the fold of the elytra.

DIPLOCOTIDUS FORMICOLA,
Plate VII., fig. 13, 13.

Niger, nitidus, pedibus antennisque nigro-rufescentibus, his apice
dilutioribus ; caput crebre punctato-foveatum, processu transverse,
carinato, in fronte munitum, apice dente valido breve inter antennas
armatum ; antennae articulis quinque basalibus valde rugosis, nitidis,
minus setulosis, reliquis setis albido-cinereis dense vestitis ; pro-
thorax bi-partitus, parte antica valde elevata, alte quadri-tuberculata,

246 Annals of tJie South African

tuberculis sulco profundo, iu medio latiore, divisis ; parte postica
antica angustiore, ab ea excavatione transversa divisa, a medio basi
profunde canaliculata, lateribus caveae antice tuberculo, acuto in-
structis, crebre punctato-foveatus, squamis albidis nonntdlis, in
parte antica rarioribus, obsitus ; elytra ovalia, pone basim nonnihil
gibbosa, apice conjunctim rotundata, seriatim profunde punctata,
punctis brevissime albo-setiferis ; subtus grosse profundeque piincta-
tus, abdominis, lateribus densius flavescente pilosis. Long. 2-2J mm. ;
lat. 1^ mm.

Found in the nest of the ant Acantholepis cajtcnais, Mayr.

Hob. Cape Colony (Prince Albert), W. F. Purcell.

FAMILY TENEBRIONIDJE.

TRIBE ADESMIINI.

GEX. ADESMIA, Fisch.

ADESMIA SIMPLEX,

Plate VI., fig. 1.

Ovata, nigra, opaca ; caput depressum, leve ; prothorax basi
longitudine duplo latior, apice angustior, lateribus fere rectis, supra
parum convexus vageque punctulatus ; elytra basi latitudine pro-
thoracis sequalia, lateribus ovato ampliatis apiceque acuminatis,
prothorace baud triple longiora, supra convexa, apice declivia, tuber-
culis conicis, deprcssis granulisque crebre obsita ; pedes modice
elongati, rugosuli. Long. 15 mm. ; lat. 9 mm.

The facies of this species is unlike that of the South African
species of the genus Adesmia, and its nearest ally is .1. acnlcata.
It is more regularly ovate, and covered with tubercles depressed but
sharp, directed backwards and very closely set ; in the basal part
these tubercles are somewhat obliterated, and for about two-thirds
of the length there are minute granules between them.

Hah. Cape Colony (Garies, Little Namaqualand). Captured by
Mr. M. Schlechter.

ADESMIA (ONYMACHKIS) GABIESA.

Elongato-ovata, nigra, opaca ; caput in medio depressum, supra
oculos acute carinatum, fere leve ; prothorax basi longitudine baud

African Coleopterous Fauna. 247

sensim latior apiceque vix angustior, lateribus leviter rotundatis, pone
oculos acute lobatis, margine apicali albido-ciliate, supra in medio
leviter convexus, lateribus sub-declivis, vage punctulatus ; elytra basi
thorace baud latiora, lateribus rotundato arnpliatis et versus apicem
acuminatis, medio thorace duplo latiora et fere quinto longiora, supra
convexa, apice declivia, carinis dorsalibus tribus margineque laterali
serratis in singulo instructis, interstitiis verrucis acutis sparsis una
serie dispositis insculptis, sutura epipleuraaque carinatae ; pedes
tenues, longissimi, femoribus subtus canaliculatis serratisque. Long.
18 mm. ; lat. 10 mm.

Allied to A. boschii/iana, and intermediate in shape between this
species andA.pa'iva, Haag-Eut. It differs from A. boschiutann. in the
elytra being a little more ampliated and not quite as elongated, the
dorsal caringe are narrower and serrulate instead of being smooth,
and the intervals have a median row of sharp, not closely set
granules, instead of being very rugose and transversely plicate.

Hub. Cape Colony (Little Namaqualand). Captured by Mr. G.
Alston.

ADESMIA SCUTULATA,

Plate VI., fig. 2.

Nigra, indumento terreno obtecta ; caput rugose scrobiculatum,
pube flavescente vestitum ; pro thorax longitudine latitudine tcqualis,
lateribus ab apice usque ad tertiarn partem modice ampliatis, deinde
fere rectis, margine antica fimbriata, supra oculos profunde incisa,
disco rude scrobiculatus, modice convexus, lateribus dehiscentibus ;
elytra antice prothoracis basi baud latiora, lateribus ab hurneros
recte ampliatis, a medio ad apicem aculeatis, medio prothoracis basi
duplo latiora, supra plana, postice declivia, costa dorsali tuberculata
praeter marginem lateralern acute carinata sub-undulataque in sin-
gulo instructa, interstitiis verrucis nitidis adspersis ; epipleuni rude
scrobiculata ; pedes modice elongati ; antennae breves, crassiusculse.
Long. 12 mm. ; lat. 7 mm.

This species is easily distinguished by the lozenge shape of the
elytra, the suture is raised and sparsely verrucose, the intervals
have a few irregular rounded, smooth tubercles scattered about, the
dorsal ridge is placed nearer to the outer margin than to the suture
and the outer margin itself is sharp but somewhat wavy.

Hab. Zambesia (Victoria Falls, Salisbury, Enkeldoorn, Bulu-
wayo). (Dr. Bradshaw ; G. A. K. Marshall; J. ffolliot Darling;
Dr. Kolbe.)

248 Annals of the South African Museum.

GEN. STENOCAEA, Sol.
STENOCARA NAMAQUA.

Nigra, capite prothoraceque opacis, elytris nitidis, antennis, palpis
pedibusque rufescentibus ; caput vix punctatum ; prothorax longi-
tudine duplo latior, apice basi fere dimidio angustior, lateribus rectis
margine apicali angulata, supra parum convexus, fere levis, medio
vage arcuatim impressus ; elytra valde rotundata, medio thoracis
basi duplo latiora, apice abrupte declivia et acuminata, profunde
scrobiculato-rugosa, sutura sub-levi, elevata costisque sub-tubercu-
losis duabus utrinque prsedita, margine lateral! e tuberculis rugatis,
bi-seriatis formata, epipleura lata, profunde scrobiculata ; antennae
graciles ; pedes elongati, gracilimi. Long. 12 mm. ; lat 7 mm.

This species as well as the following one are sufficiently dis-
tinguishable from the other South African species owing to the
rotund shape of the elytra from a short distance from the base, and
the abrupt posterior declivity ; the legs are also very slender, but
not, however, quite as filiform as in P. gracilipes, Sol. The two
dorsal, tuberculated, nearly serrate, dorsal ridges in the elytra are
very well denned, and the intervals are filled with a double series of
irregular, scrobiculate, broad punctures the median wall of which is
somewhat granulose.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand). L. Peringuey.

STENOCARA PLACITA.

Nigra, nitida, indumento albido nonnunquam vestita, antennis
pedibusque sub-rufo piceis ; caput crebre punctulatum, antice inter
antennas profunde impressum ; prothorax longitudine magis quam
duplo latior, lateribus rnodice rotundatis, margine apicis angulata,
basi sub-sinuatus, supra in medio convexus, ad latera deplanatus,
profunde punctatus, intra basim transverse impressus ; elytra
rotundata, convexa, apice valde declivia, et acuminata, in medio
thoracis latitudine maxima fere duplo latiora, tuberculis conicis
seriatis confertim instructis obsita, epipleura lata, verrucosula ;
pedes graciles, elongati. Long. 11 mm. ; lat. 7 mm.

In shape this species approximates S. ncunaqita, but the head and
prothorax are punctured instead of being smooth, the sides of the
prothorax are a little ampliated in the middle, and the outer
margins depressed, whereas they are straight in S. namaqua, and
the elytra instead of having two tuberculose ridges on each side are

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 249

covered with very closely set sharp tubercles arranged in numerous
series.

Hab. Cape Colony (Carnarvon). E. G. Alston.

TEIBE TENTYBINL
GEN. EULEANTUS, Haag-Eut.

EULEANTUS ^EQUALIPENNIS,

Plate VI., fig. 3.

Niger, opacus, fere glaber, palpis, antennis pedibusque sub-
mfescentibus ; caput confertim longe plicatum, ante oculos utrinque
alte carinatum, antice profunde bi-impressum ; prothorax antice
modice sub-arcuatus, angulis acutis, lateribus sub-rotundatis, ad
basim sinuatis, basi truncata, apice quarto latiore, angulis acutis,
supra convexus, plicis longitudinalibus elevatis crebre obsitus ; elytra
basi carinata, humeris nullis, prothoracis basi paulum latiora, a basi
longe post medium breviter ampliata, apice modice attenuata, post
medium prothoracis latitudine maxima dimidio latiora, supra
deplanata, postice abrupte declivia, sutura sub-elevata, impres-
sioneque juxta suturali, brevi, notata, margine lateral! nulla, punctis
confluentibus ad laterum elongatis crebre obsita ; pedes modice
elongati, breviter pubescentes. Long. 7 mm. ; lat. 3 mm.

Hab. Damaraland (Walfish Bay). C. Wilmer.

Closely allied to E. (?) humeralis, Haag, but the elytra have not the
deep, conspicuous broad sutural depression, and are a little more
ampliated laterally past the median part.

TRIBE CKYPTOCHILINI.

GEN. CRYPTO CHILE, Latr.
CRYPTOCHILE ECHINATA.

Nigra, indumento griseo, supra terreno, dense vestita ; caput
rugosulum, longitudinaliter plicatum ; prothorax longitudine dimidio
latior, margine antica in medio recurva, leviter emarginata, lateribus-
apice poneque medium spina valida armatis, disco plicis interruptis.
crebre obsito ; elytra prothorace basi parum latiora, pone humeros.
modice ampliata, ad medium prothorace minus duplo latiora, lateribus

'250 Annals of the South African Museum.

rectis, tomento griseo-umbrino maculisque tiibus, basali elongata,
brunneo-velutinis, seriatis, prope suturam positis ornatis, supra
convexa, postice declivia, tuberculis validis conicis tri-seriatis
costas distinctas formantibus in singulo prsedita, costa juxta
suturali quadri-tuberculata, coeteris e tuberculis numerosis confertis
formatis, iuterstitiis granulis acutis obsitis, sutura utrinque serru-
lata ; epipleura pedesque crebre granulata. Long. 12-14 mm ; lat.
7^-9 mm.

As massive as C. spinosa, Per., but a little less parallel ; the
spines on the elytra are not so long, and those on the juxta-sutural
costa are less numerous.

Hob. Cape Colony (Namaqualand). M. Schlechter.

CBYPTOCHILE SEKEATA.

Praecedenti affinis ; differt prothorace antice magis attenuate,
lateribus basi apiceque in spinam validam productis, elytris
brevioribus atque at latera latioribus, costa juxta suturali tri-tubercu-
lata tuberculisque validioribus. Long. 10-12 mm. ; lat. 7^-9^ mm.

The general facies of this species differs from that of the preceding
species owing to the elytra being a little shorter and a little more
ampliate laterally ; the indumentum is more greyish on the upper
part, the three velvety brown patches at the base and in the median
and post-median part of the second interval are similar, but the
juxta-sutural costa has only three distant tubercles instead of four ; ;;:
the anterior part of the prothorax is also more attenuated and the
second lateral spine forms the outer basal angle instead of being
situated a little behind the median part.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand). M. Schlechter.

GEN. PACHYNOTELUS, Haag-Eut.

PACHYNOTELUS HAAGI,

Plate VI., fig. 4.

Niger, opacus, indumento albido, supra flavo, dense tectus ; caput
rugosum, breviter setulosum ; prothorax antice posticeque truncatus,
latitudine maxima haud dimidio brevior, lateribus fere rectis, supra
convexus, granulis minutis dense obsitus vittisque latis pubescen-
tibus tribus ornatis ; elytra basi latitudine thoracis baseos ubique

* This number does not include one or two smaller tubercles in the posterior
declivity, which are present in both species.

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 251

applicata, ab humeros longe post medium ampliata, delude
sensim acuminata, post medium prothorace dimidio latiora,
supra plana, postice abrupte declivia, dense albido-flavescente,
squamosa, margine laterum, vitta juxta suturali vittisque duabus
pone medium cohaerentibus et delude in vittam singulam continu-
atis denudatis granulosisque in singulo ornata ; pedes squamosi,
tibiis tarsisque anticis exceptis longe pilosis. Long. 8 mm. ; lat.
4i mm.

Shape and size of P. alboiwtatits, but whereas in P. haacji there
are three denuded granulose lines, besides the outer margin on each
side of the elytra, there are four besides the suture and the margin
in the first-named species, and these lines are also setulose.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand). G. Alston.

TRIBE ADELOHTOMINI.

ABGASIDUS, gen nov.

G-eophano vel Acesto verisimilis, structura antennarum habituque
prsBcipue differt ; antennae rigidae mediocres, articulo 10 sat valido,
sub-cylindrico, 2, 1 dimidio breviore, quadrate, 3 praecedenti
nonnihil angustiore dimidioque breviore, 4-9 monilibus, aequalibus,
longitudine duplo latioribus, ultimo praecedenti duplo longiore, vix
latiore, apice oblique truncate, excavate, articulis omuis, ultimo
excepto, setis crassis squamosis coronatis, articulis basalibus tribus
etiam squamosis obsitis ; prothorax elytris contiguus ; his parallelis,
versus apicem conjunctim rotundatis atque nonnihil attenuatis ;
pedes mediocres.

ABGASIDUS SQUAMOSUS,
Plate VI., fig. 7.

Niger, opacus ; caput depressum, dense squamosum, lineis duabus
lateralibus a basi ad medium ductis denudatis ; prothorax longitudine
fere duplo latior, ab apice ante medium sub-diagonaliter productus,
deinde versus basim fere rectus, apice circulatim emarginatus, basi
rectus, depressus, marginibus incrassatis, late reflexis, disco piano,
superficie tota squamis latis, sub-ochraceis vestita ; scutellum
nudum ; elytra prothoracis latitudine aequalia, fere triple longiora,
parallela, postice conjunctim rotundata, plana, marginibus laterum
ut in prothorace incrassatis reflexisque, squamis densis obtectis

252 Annals of tlie South African Museum.

lateribus confertim punctato seriatis, dorso depresso, profunde
punctate, punctis squamis repletis ; subtus squamosus ; pedes
mediocres, parce squamosi. Long. 7 mm. ; lat. 3 mm.

This singular insect is very much like an Argas in general
appearance.

Hab. Cape Colony (Prieska). Dr. W. F. Purcell.

TEIBE EPITEAGINI.

GEN. DEBOSTBOPHUS, Fairm.

DEROSTROPHUS FORCIPATUS,
Plate VI., fig. 5, 5a.

Piceus, palpis, antennis pedibusque rufo-brunneis ; caput confertim,
epistomacrebrius punctatum ; $ mandibulis processu basali porrecto,
capite longitudine asquali, externe convexiusculo, interne excavato,
apice incurvo, forcipato, margine exteriore ante medium distincte
incisa, singulo munito; antennae humeros attingentes; prothorax
fere globosus, basi apice ncnnihil angustior, angulis rectis, posticis
sub-prominulis, crebre punctulatus ; elytra antice prothorace haud
latiora, fere parallela, postice acuminata, convexa, tenuiter, anguste
striato-punctata, punctis confertis, sat profundis, interstitiis impunc-
tatis ; siibtus castaneus, crebre punctatus ; pedes punctulati. Long.
11 mm. ; lat. 3^ mm.

Allied to I), xantliopus, Fairm., but of larger size ; the prothorax
is more rounded laterally ; the elytra are less convex, and the shape
of the erect process at the base of each mandible is different, being of
the same length as the head, nearly vertical but slightly bent back-
wards, and strongly incurved, forceps-like ; it is slightly convex
outwardly, scooped inwardly, and with the hind margin strongly
emarginate near the incurved part.

Hab. Cape Colony (Kimberley).

DEROSTROPHUS HOTTENTOTUS.

Piceo-brunneus, nitidus, antennis pedibusque castaneo-rufis ; caput

crebre rudeque punctatum, 3 mandibulis basi cornu sub-porrecto,

innexo, forcipato, a medio apice inferne excavato, utrinque carinatio,

$ mandibulis inermis ; antennae ultra medium corporis attingentes ;

prothorax longitudine latitudine quarto latior, ab apice pone medium

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 253

ampliatus, ubi angulatus, deinde ad basim sinuatus, basi apice haud
latior, angulis rectis, posticis evidentioribus, totus marginatus, supra
antice nonnihil convexus, punctis sat profundis, confertis, obsitus ;
elytra oblonga, versus apicem sub-acuminata, basi prothorace
nonnihil latiora et triple longiora, ? pone medium perparum
ampliata, striato punctata, striis geminatis, punctis haud profundis,
interstitiis punctis nonnullis prope suturam densioribus adspersis ;
subtus pedesque glabri, crebre punctati. Long. 11-13 mm. ;
lat. 4-5 mm.

Easily distinguished by the geminate striae of the elytra ; the
process of the mandibles is longer than in D. castaneo-rufus, Fairm.,
and D. xanthopus, Fairm., more forcipate, of nearly equal width
from base to apex, and excavated inwardly from the median part to
the curved tip.

Hab. Cape Colony (O'Kiep, Spectakel, Namaqualand), L. Perin-
guey ; Damaraland (Walfish Bay), C. Nightingale.

DEEOSTEOPHUS DAMABINUS.

Eufo-brunneus, nitidus ; caput crebre punctatum, $ mandibulis
cornu crasso, recurvo, basi lato, apice acuminate, capite tertio
breviore utrinque armatis ; antennae medium corporis vix attingentes ;
prothorax fere orbicularis, lateribus ad basim leviter sinuatis, angulis
anticis posticisque prominulis, totus marginatus, crebre punctulatus ;
elytra elongata, oblonga, basi prothorace nonnihil latiora et triple
longiora, pone medium perparum ampliata, convexa, distincte sfcriato
punctata, interstitiis alternis convexiusculis ; subtus punctatus,
nitidus, abdominis segmentibus maris in medio brevissime pubescen-
tibus ; pedes punctulati. Long. 12 mm. ; lat. \ mm.

Closely allied to D. castaneo-rufus, Fairm., but the process of the
mandibles is not incised inwardly at base, nor is it quite so hooked
inwardly at tip ; the antennae are much shorter, and the three
penultimate joints are thicker and shorter ; the prothorax is more
convex.

Hab. Damaraland. T. T. Christie.

DEEOSTEOPHUS CONSOBBINUS.

Praecedenti valde affinis, sed minor, differt mandibulis in mare
basi angustioribus, prothoracis lateribus pone medium ad basim
magis obliquis elytrorumque interstitiis haud convexiusculis. Long.
8-J 9 mm. ; lat. 3 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Hopefield, O'Kiep). L. Peringuey.

'254 Annals of the South African Museum.

DEROSTROPHUS MAXILLOSUS.

Eufo-brunneus, nitidus ; caput crebre punctatum, inter oculos
conspicue circulatim impressum, manclibulis maris latis, curvatis
interne valde concavis, apice tri-dentatis, dente media bifida caeteris
longiore ; feminte simplicibus ; pro thorax longitudine hand latior,
regulariter rotundatus, apice fere rectus angulis acutis, basi bi-
sinuatus angulis prominulis, supra convexus, crebre punctulatus ;
elytra prothorace basi nonnihil latiora, triplo longiora, versus apicem
attenuata, basi sub-sinuata, humeris prominulis, supra sat convexa,
anguste punctato-striata ; corpus subtus crebre punctulatum, seg-
mentis abdominis $ quatuor in medio flavo penicillatis ; pedes
breves, graciles, leves. Long. 10-11 mm. ; lat. 4 mm.

Hab Cape Colony (Carnarvon). B. G. Alston.

DEROSTROPHUS LATICOLLIS.

Piceus, antennis pedibusque rufo-brunneis ; caput creberrime
rude punctatum ; antennae medium corporis baud attingentes ; pro-
thorax late rotundato ampliatus, longitudine tertio latior, ad basim
perparum sinuatus, angulis posticis acutis, prominulis, anticis fere
rotundatis, basi apice fere quarto latior, supra modice convexus,
dorso in medio anticeque crebre punctulato, punctis laterum elon-
gatis, fere strigillatis ; elytra elongata, sub-oblonga, basi prothorace
nonnihil angustiora, pone medium perparum ampliata ubi protho-
racis latitudine aequalia, supra convexa, distincte punctate striata,
interstitiis impunctatis ; subtus nitidus, glaber, confertim punctatus.
Long. 9^- mm. ; lat. 4 mm.

The male is unknown to me. This species is easily recognisable
owing to the width of the prothorax, which is much broader than on
the other species known hitherto.

Hab. Cape Colony (Robertson). Dr. W. F. Purcell.

DEROSTROPHUS DISSIDENS.

Piceo brunneus, sub-nitidus, pedibus antennisque dilutioribus, his
fere longitudine dimidii corporis ; caput crebre punctatum ; pro-
thorax ab apice prope basim fere orbicularis, ubi brevissime
attenuatus, angulis posticis prominulis, supra modice convexus,
crebre profundeque punctatus ; elytra elongata, sub-oblonga basi
prothoracis latitudine maxima uequalia, pone medium vix latiora,
supra convexa, distincte striato-punctata, punctis confluentibus,

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 255

interstitiis serie e punctis minoribus crebris formata ; subtus sat
fortiter dense punctatus, pectore abdominisque lateribus punctis
distinctioribus. Long. 11 mm. ; lat. 3 nun.

Male unknown.

The distinctive characters of this species are : the orbicular pro-
thorax, the narrower shape of the elytra, which are hardly broader
at the widest part than the prothorax, and the sculpture of the
elytra which are striate with the striae filled with confluent, equal
punctures, whereas in all the other species the punctures form the
strite.

Hab. Damaraland (Goagas). C. Walmer.

DEEOSTEOPHUS HUMILIS.

Piceus vel rufo-brunneus ; caput punctulatum, antennae pone
basim elytrorum vix attingentes ; prothorax apice basi haud angus-
tior, vix latior quam longior, angulis anticis posticisque rectis, his
sub-prominulis, lateribus ab apice prope basim leviter rotundatis,
vix ampliatis, supra perparum convexus, crebre punctatus ; elytra
elongata, basi prothorace nonnihil, post medium tertio latiora, supra
convexa, in dorso punctato-striata, lateribus striato-punctatis, inter-
stitiis serie e punctis minoribus formata, in disco minus, lateraliter
magis distincta ; corpus subtus pedesque ut in praecedenti. ? Long.
10-11 mm. : lat. 3f mm.

Resembles the female of D. mandibularis ; but the prothorax is
longer in proportion to the width, and therefore less rounded
laterally : the sculpture of the intervals differs, the intervals in
7). mandibularis being impunctate.

Hab. Damaraland.

XENLTS, gen. nov.

Corpus oblongum, nudum, alatum ; capite parviun, carina
elevata ante-oculari praeditum ; labrum pubescens ; mandil)ul;i'
breves inermes ; palpi maxillares sub-elongati, articulo ultimo suh-
securiformi : antenna? corpore dimidio breviore, articulis ultimis
quatuor sub-hexagonis, ultimo praecedenti breviore ; prothorax
transversus, lateribus sub-rectis ; pedes graciles, tarsi, longi, unguibus
sub-validis.

$ capite tri-cornuto ; 5 inermi.

Allied to IhTostropliHs ; the facies is nearly similar, but the man-
dibles have no sub- vertical process at base in the male ; the eyes are

256 Annals of the South African Museum.

more prominent, although the ante-ocular ridge is nearly similar,
and the four last joints of the antennae are nearly hexagonal instead
of conical, and decrease gradually in length, so that the last one is
hardly half the length of the third.

TRICORNIGEK,

Plate VI., fig. 6, 6.

Nigro piceus, sub-nitidus, tarsis, articulis ultimis antennarum
palporumque castaneo-rufis ; caput in medio impressum, crebre
punctulatum, $ cornibus porrectis, gracilibus tribus capitis longi-
tudine aequalibus, armato, antico sub-ensiforme, reliquis ante oculos
positis, ad apicem compressis atque valde incurvis ; ? caput inerme ;
prothorax antice nonnihil rotundatim attenuatus, lateribus hand
ampliatis, prope basim perparum attenuatus, basi sinuatus, ubi apice
nonnihil angustior, supra modice convexus, totus marginatus, angulis
rectis, baud prominulis, punctis profundis confertis obsitus ; elytra
oblongo-ovalia, elongata, prothorace basi nonnihil, post medium fere
tertio latiora, triplo longiora, supra convexa, anguste punctato-seriata,
interstitiis punctis minus acervatis seriatis; subtus fortiter punctatus;
pedes glabri, femoribus densius punctatis. Long. 11-13 mm. ; lat.
4| 5 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Bushmanland). G. Alston.

TRIBE ADELOSTOMIDJE.

GEX. MACHLA, Herbst.
MACHLA AGEESTIS.

Nigra, capite prothoraceque crebre punctatis, punctis squamis
repletis, elytris indumento squamoso ochraceo-terreno dense vestitis ;
caput sparse punctatum, vertice leviter impressum, lobis ocularibus
modice productis ; prothorax longitudine tertio latior, apice circu-
latim emarginatus, basi vix sinuatus, longe pone medium lateraliter ub
angulo antico rotundato ampliatus, deinde versus basim rotundatus,
baud constrictus, supra modice convexus, marginibus laterum modice
incrassatis, recurvis, setulosis, infra vix canaliculatis, lateribus ipsis
anguste sulcatis ; scutellum glabrum ; elytra antice prothoracis basi
latitudine sequalia, longe pone humeros perparum ampliata, ubi pro-
thorace fere quarto latiora, supra nonnihil convexa, postice declivia,

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 257

costis in singulo tribus postice abbreviates, discoidalibus duabus
a basi fere ad medium carinatis, deinde verrucis continuatis, costa
marginali tota verrucosa, cum intermedia connexa, prsedita, inter-
stitiis verrucis nonnullis minoribus, glabris, sub-seriatis, obsitis ;
pectus profunde atque sat crebre punctatum, abdomen nitidum, laxe
punctulatum, glabrum ; pedes rugosuli longe piloso-setosi. Long.
15-18 mm. ; lat. 7-8 mm.

Belongs to the same group as 37. earinata, Herbst, but is very
distinct.

Hab. Cape Colony (Malmesbury). R. M. Lightfoot.

MACHLA LITA.

Nigra, nitida, indumento ochraceo dense vestita, capite, prothoracis
lateribus costisque elytrorum setosis, setis nonnunquam longissimis;
caput in medio impressum, lobis anteocularibus prominulis ; pro-
thorax apice profunde circulatim emarginatus, basi leviter bi-sinuatus,
lateraliter ad medium late rotundato-ampliatus, deinde ad basim
contractus, angulis posticis sat acutis, haud prominulis, laterurn
marginibus valde incrassatis, elevatis, reflexis, infra profunde exca-
vatis, dorso deplanato, rugis duabus longitudinalibus in medio, antice
perparurn obliteratis atque nonnunquam ruga transverse in medio
connexis tuberculoque transverse utrinque ad medium posito
instructo, parte postica disci late tri-impressa ; elytra antice basi
prothoracis haud latiora, in femina post medium magis ampliata,
supra depressa, postice declivia, costis tribus tuberculosis in singulo
praedita, suturae proxima reliquis breviore, postice callo transverse ad
suturam ducto terminata, intermedia lateral! haud breviore atque
cum ea basi connexa ; corpus subtus pedesque ut in 37. agresti.
Long. 10-12 mm. ; lat. 6-7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Mossel Bay), W. F. Purcell ; (George).

MACHLOMORPHA, gen. nov.

MachlcB verisimilis ; habitus structuraque antennarum, ut in
ilia, differt lateribus prothoracis infra pro receptione antennarum
haud excavatis, processu prosternali apice rotundato, haud acute
producto, rnesosterno haud inciso, tarsisque gracilioribus, unguibus
longioribus.

258 Annals of the Soutli- African Muxciuu.

MACHLOMORPHA ALTITUDINIS.

Nigra, pnbe squamosa sparse obsita ; caput rude profundeque
punctatum, apice longitrorsum foveatum, inter antennas transversim
impressum, lobis ante-ocularibus modice prominulis ; prothorax,
apice nonnihil emarginatus, basi leviter bisinuatus, angulis totis
sub-acutis, prominulis, regulariter rotundato anapliatus, sed basi
apice nonnihil latior, convexus, profunde sat crebre punctatus, sulco
medio longitudinal!, lateribus anguste depressis, margins acuta, baud
reflexa ; elytra antice prothoracis basi nonnihil angustiora, pone
medium ampliata, ubi basi duplo latiora, convexa, dehiscentia, praeter
suturam elevatam, margine lateral i costisque duabus levibus in disco
positis ad apicem declivitatis terminatis, ubi conjunctis, in singulo
praedita, interstitiis vix punctulatis, pube squamosa sparsim vestita ;
subtus sat dense punctatus, abdomine fere levi ; pedesrugosi, setulosi.
Long. 32-14 mm. ; lat. 6-7 mm.

Captured at the top of the highest peak in South Africa (Mont aux
Sources, altitude 10,000 feet), by Mr. G. Mann.

MACHLOMORPHA DIVERSA.

Brunnea, indumento ochraceo squamoso obtecta ; caput rude
coriaceum, lobis ante-ocularibus valde prominulis ; prothorax antice
circulatim emarginatus, angulis productis, ab angulo antico basi
modice ampliatus, versus basim baud attenuatus vel emarginatus,
basi apice fere duplo latior, lateribus sat late deplanatis, margine
laterurn valde reflexa, disco rude coriaceo, postice nonnihil elevato,
baud sculpturato, basi modice bi-sinuata, angulis acutis, promi-
nulis; elytra basi prothoracis latitudine fere aequalia, ad medium
perparum ampliata, supra plana, apice dehiscentia, crebre minuteque
punctulata, praeter marginem lateralem acutam costa discoidali
antice carinata, ad medium sub-undulata, postice abbreviata, in
singulo praedita, parte postica prope suturam interstitioque supra
laterali tuberculis sat confertis obsitis, sutura apice elevata ; subtus
dense minuteque granulosa, breviter pubescens ; pedes crebre granu-
loso-punctati, setulosi. Long. 14 mm. ; lat. 8 mm.

Hub. Natal (no exact locality).

GEN. ASIDA, Latr.

ASIDA DEVIA.

Nigra, indumento terrene vel ochraceo obtecta, marginibus pro-

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 259

thoracis, rugis tuberculisque setulosis ; caput vertice bi-callosum,
inter antennas profunde circulatim impressum, lobis ante ocularibus
valde productis ; antennae articulo ultimo lato, a medio turbinato
apice truncate, dimidia parte dense flavo pubescente ; prothorax
longitudine fere tertio latior, apice profunde emarginatus, angulis sub-
acutis, basi bi-sinuatus, angulis posticis acutis, prominulis, lateribus in
medio acuminatis, margins lateruni sat crasso, reflexo, supra rugis
longitudinalibus duobus validis, spatiurn sub-canaliculatum includen-
tibus, a medio apice sub-obliteratis tuberculoque parvo utroque
notatis ; elytra antice latitudine baseos prothoracis, sub-parallela,
supra in disco depressa, postice declivia, prseter marginem lateralem
e tuberculis setiferis baud confertis formatam, costa dorsali tuber -
culata, longe ante apicem attenuata, utroque praedita, sutura gramilosa,
interstitiis tuberculis parvis setigeris seriatis sat dense obsitis ; pedes
mediocres, setulosi ; corpus subtus laxe punctatum, tenuiter pubes-
cens. Long. 19 mm. ; lat. 7 mm.
Hab. Natal (Maritzburg).

ASIDA XATALIS.

Nigra, indurnento griseo vestita, marginibus prothoracis rugis
tuberculisque baud setulosis ; caput vertice tri-callosum ; antennae
articulo ultimo brevi conspicue truncate ; prothorax latitudine longi-
tudine tertio latior, apice circulatim ernargiuatus, basi profunde
bi-sinuatus, angulis posticis acutis, prominulis, ad medium laterum
sub-acuminatiin ampliatus, intra basim nonnihil constrictus, mar-
ginibus laterum ab apice ultra medium crassis, nonnihil reflexis,.
infra profunde canaliculatis, supra deplanatus, rugis duabus longi-
tudinalibus, aequalibus, ab apice basi ductis, tuberculisque duobus
rugam sinuatam formantibus utroque positis ; elytra antice pro-
thorace basi asqualia, post medium prothoracis latitudine maxima
quarto latiora, antice deplanata, post medium vix convexa, postice
valde declivia, sutura elevata, prseter costam lateralem e tuberculis.
baud confertis formata, carina dorsali tuberculosa procul ab apice
terminata ubi linea circulari verrucosa cum sutura connexa, postice
in seriem granulorum apicem attingente continuata, in singulo
praedita, interstitiis sparsim, ad latera densius, tuberculatis, tuberculis
sub-nitidis, glabris ; pedes dense terreno tomentosi ; prosternum
rude punctatum, abdomen impunctaturn. Long. 11-1H mm. ; lat.
6 mm.

Hab. Natal (Frere). G. A. K. Marshall.

18

260 Annals of the South African Museum.

ASIDA TEANSVAALENSIS.

Nigra, indumento terreno vel fulvo obtecta, marginibus prothoracis
brevissime setosis, tuberculis elytrorum glabris ; caput scrobicu-
latum, depressum, lobis ante ocularibus sat fortiter productis ; pro-
thorax in dorso scrobiculatus, ad latera rugosus, longitudine duplo
latior, apice circulatim emarginatus, basi bi-sinuatus, angulis omnibus
acutis sed baud prominulis, lateribus ab apice pone medium rotundato
ampliatis, deinde ad basim baud constrictis, marginibus baud crassis,
valde reflexis, infra concavis sed baud canaliculatis, supra disco
valde elevato, rotundato ; elytra antice prothorace basi baud latiora,
post medium ampliata, ubi prothoracis parte maxima nonnihil latiora,
paullum convexa, postice valde declivia, ad latera posticeque verru-
cosa, antice prope basirn laeviora, praeter costam lateralem e verrucis
confertis forrnata, carina sub-acuta, verrucosa, cum lateral! basi
connexa, procul ab apice abbreviata rudimentoque basali costae
interioris in singulo prsedita, sutura perparum elevata ; prosternum
rude punctatum, abdomen distincte punctulatum, brevissime pilosum ;
pedes fulvo pubescentes. Long. 15 mm. ; lat. 9 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom). T. Ayres.

ASIDA ZULA.

Nigra, indumento terreno obtecta, marginibus prothoracis, breviter
setosis ; caput in medio leviter impressum, punctulatum, lobis ante-
ocularibus sat fortiter productis; prothorax leviter scrobiculatus,
longitudine fere duplo latior, apice circulatim emarginatus, basi bi-
sinuatus, basi ipsa in medio nonnihil aculeata, angulis posticis pro-
minentibus, lateribus ab apice pone medium sub-diagonaliter,
ampliatis, deinde ad basim baud constrictis, marginibus baud
crassis, modice reflexis, infra canaliculatis, supra paullum convexus
lateribus sat anguste deplanatis, medio canaliculate fossaque basali
notato ; elytra antice prothorace basi baud latiora, post medium
parum ampliata, supra deplanata, postice sat longe dehiscentia,
crebre verrucosa, verrucis glabris, sutura elevata, praeter costam
verrucosam lateralem carina acuta longe procul ab apice terminata
cum costa laterali basi connexa rudimentoque basali costae interioris
in singulo instructis ; subtus rugosa, pectore ochraceo tomentoso,
abdomine profunde punctato, sub-pubescente ; pedes ochraceo
squamosi, breviter setulosi. Long. 14-15 mm. ; lat. 6^-8 mm.

Much more parallel than the preceding species, and with the dis-
coidal part of the prothorax less raised, less scrobiculate ; the outer

Sotttli African Coleopterous Fauna. 261

margins are thinner and less recurved, and there is a distinct longi-
tudinal groove in the centre ; the median part of the base is not
angular in A. transvaalensis.

Hab. Zululand (Eshowe). A. Windham.

ASIDA CONSOBEINA.

Nigra, opaca, capite prothoraceque crebre punctatis, punctis
squamis ochraceis repletis ; caput in inedio impressum, lobis
anteocularibus modice productis ; prothorax longitudine fere dimidio
latior, parum rotundatus, ad basim haud constrictus, basi apice
dimidio latiore, bi-sinuata, medio in processu angulato producta, supra
nonnihil convexus, medio linea longitudinali insculpto ; elytra antice
prothorace basi nonnihil angustiora, ad tertiam partem longitudinis
paullum ampliata, convexa, postice declivia, lateribus fossulatis,
medio laxiore sed late punctato, squamulis griseis uonnullis adspersa,
singulo prater costam lateralem sublaceratam, carina levi longe ante
iipicem abbreviata, rudimentoque obliquo basali costae interioris,
sutura parum elevata ; subtus ut in specie prascedenti. Long.
17 mm. ; lat. 10 mm.

Closely allied to the preceding species owing to the general appear-
ance and shape, but larger, more convex on the elytra, the sides of
which are foveate instead of being verrucose ; the median part of the
base of the prothorax is also produced in an angular process much more
distinct than in A. zula, and the disk of the prothorax is also more
convex ; the basal rudiment of another dorsal costa in the elytra is
oblique instead of being straight.

Hab. Zululand (Eshowe).

ASIDA ZAMBESIANA.

Nigra, opaca, pube ochracea breve sat dense vestita ; caput
profunde crebreque punctatum ; prothorax crebre punctatus longi-
tudine tertio latior, rotundato ampliatus, ad basim vix attenuatus,
lateribus sat late deplanatis, marginibus acutis brevissime setulosis,
distincte reflexis, infra haud canaliculatis, disco modice convexo,
linea longitudinali obsoleta, basi bi-sinuata, angulis posticis acutis,
prominulis ; elytra antice prothorace basi nonnihil angustiora ante
medium perparum ampliata, supra nonnihil deplanata, postice
dehiscentia, margine laterali dorsi crenulata, setulosa carinaque
dorsali etiam breviter setulosa, procul ab apice terminata, recta ad
humerurn haud ducta, in singulo instructs, sutura haud elevata;

262 Aii)ialn <>i the South African

interstitiis breve fulvo setulosis, impunctatis ; corpus subtus pedesque
ut in speciebus antecedentibus. Long. 19 mm. ; lat. 10 mm.

Evidently allied to A. bi-costata, Fahr., but the elytra are impunc-
tate, and the dorsal costa is not directed obliquely towards the base.

Hab. Zambesia, ? Victoria Falls.

ASIDA ABERRANS.

Nigra, indumento terreno obtecta, supra setulosa ; caput in medio
impressum, vertice sub-fossulatum, rugosum, breviter pilosum, lobis
anteocularibus valde prominulis ; prothorax longitudine fere duplo
latior, pone medium valde rotundato-ampliatus, ad basim minus
attenuatus, lateribus anguste deplanatis, marginibus laterum sat
crassis, reflexis, disco convexo, postice sensim elevato, areolis parvis
quatuor transversim positis notato, dense brevissimeque setulosus,
basi sub-circulari, angulis prominulis, margine laterum infra sat
profunde canaliculata ; elytra antice prothorace basi vix angustiora,
pone medium ampliata, ubi prothorace perparum latiora, supra
vix convexa, postice declivia, margine laterali costisque dorsalibus
duabus approximatis procul ab apice abbreviatis granuloso setosis,
suturae proxima vix perspicua, intermedia ad basim carinata utroque
praedita, interstitiis grauulatis, granulis sparsis, setulosis, in medio
disci humilioribus ; corpus subtus sat dense squamosum ; pedes
dense brunneo-tomentosi, setulosi. Long. 10 mm. ; lat. mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Graham's Town).

ASIDA PAUPERATA.

Nigra, indumento griseo obtecta, supra glabra ; caput antice
impressum, vertice sat late sed baud profunde foveatum ; prothorace
rugosulum, disco sat crebre punctulato, elevato, longitudinaliter
perspicue canaliculate, impressionibus duabus utroque notato,
lateribus late deplanatis, marginibus sat crassis, reflexis, infra
excavatis ; elytra antice prothoracis basi nonnihil angustiora, post
medium latitudine maxima ejusdem lequalia, supra sub-deplanata,
postice declivia, sat crebre sxib-seriatim granulata, margine laterali
costisque duabus granulatis, intermedia ad basim carinata cum
suturae proxima procul ab apice connexa atque in callo producta,
utroque pracdita, costa suturae proxima interdum fere obliterata,
sutura postice granulosa, elevata ; corpus subtus sat dense squamo-

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 263

sum ; pedes dense griseo tomentosi, setulosi. Long. 10 mm. : lat.
5rf mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Graham's Town).

ASIDA MOSSAMBICA.

Nigra, indumento terrene obtecta pubeque setulosa fulvescente
vestita ; caput crebre rudeque punctulatum, inter antennas trans-
versim impressum, vertice obsolete foveolatum, lobis ante-ocularibus
prominulis ; prothorax crebre punctatus regulariter rotundato-
ampliatus, apice circulatim emarginatus, basi simiatus angulis
posticis prominulis, disco vix elevato, lateribus sat deplanatis,
marginibus laterum modice acutis, reflexis, infra excavatis ; elytra
antice prothorace basi vix latiora, post medium latitudine maxima
ejusdem aequalia, versus apicem acuminata, supra depressa, postice
longe declivia, margine laterali acuta carinaque transversa discoid;di.
pone medium posita, utroque praedita ; subtus breviter fulvo pubescens ;
pedes subtiliter setulosi. Long. 11 mm. ; lat. 6 mm.

This species is easily distinguished by the small transverse ridge
situated on each side of the elytra at the top of the declivity.

Hab. Mozambique (Eikatla). Eev. H. Junod.

ASIDA TURBIDA.

Nigra, indumento terreno obtecta, setulis brevibus dense vestita ;
caput antice verticeque baud distincte impressum, confertim setosum ;
prothorax apice late circulatim emarginatus, lateraliter ab angulo
laterali pone medium modice rotundato ampliatus, dein ad basim
profunde sinuatus, angulis posticis acuminatis, prominulis, basi ad
latera utroque incisus, supra vix elevatus, crebre setulosus, lateribus
sat deplanatis, margine laterum vix reliexa, infra baud excavata,
supra basim utroque sat distincte impressus ; elytra antice prothorace
basi perparum latiora, post medium nonmhil ampliata, rugosula,
crebre setosa, supra deplanata, postice longe dehiscentia, margine
laterali verrucosa, ad humeros crassiora rudimentoque basali costae
discoidalis utroque praedita ; corpus subtus pedesque brevissime
setulosa. Long. 11 mm. ; lat. 6 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town). A. Barn-ay.

ASIDA UMBKINA.

Nigra, pube fulvescente obtecta pilisque erectis longis, nigris
densissime vestita ; caput rugosum, vix impressum, lobis anteocn-

Annals of the South African Museum.

laribus modice prominulis ; prothorax apice circulatim emarginatus,
angulis valde prominulis, lateraliter ad medium sub-angulatim
ampliatus, postice minus attenuatus, basi bi-sinuatus, angulis
posticis rectis, disco elevato, leviter canaliculate, lateribus sat late
deplanatis, margins laterum modice crassa, perparum reflexa, infra
baud excavata, disco maculis velutinis fuscis duabus utroque ornato ;
elytra antice prothorace basi baud latiora, pone humeros acutos
sinuata, ad medium ampliata, ubi prothoracis parte maxima fere
lequalia, supra vix convexa, postice modice declivia, dense setulosa,
serie e maculis fasciculatis fuscis, velutinis plagaque suturali
elongata, basi distinctiore ornata, margine lateral! acuta, usque
ad apicem ducta ; corpus subtus dense longeque fulvopubescens ;
pedes longe setulosi. Long. 12 mm. ; lat. 6 mm.
Hab. Mozambique (Eikatla). Kev. H. Junod.

AsiDA NAMAQUA.

Nigra, pube breve sparse obtecta, lateribus longe villosis ; caput
rugosum, in medio impressum, lobis anteocularibus valde prominulis ;
prothorax rugoso punctatus, convexus, in medio late sulcatus, disco
utroque impressionibus rotundatis duabus notato, antice circulatim
emarginatus, basi bi-sinuatus, angulis posticis acutis, prominentibus,
lateraliter ab angulo antico fere ad basim rotundato-ampliatus,
lateribus vix deplanatis, margine laterum sat acuta, serrulata, infra
baud canaliculata ; scutellum pube flavescente obtectum ; elytra
antice prothorace baud angustiora, pone medium basi baud latiora,
convexa, postice dehiscentia, granulis sat validis nitidis series magis
minusque regulares formantibus pnedita, margine lateral! serrulata
atque ut in prothoracis lateribus longe villosa, maculis velutinis
umbrinis tribus, duabus anticis juxta suturam, altera fere in medio
posticae partis positis utroque ornata ; corpus subtus profunde
punctatum, sparse setulosum ; pedes brevissime setulosi, rugosi,
tibiis externe distincte denticulatis. Long. 10 mm.; lat. 6 mm.

This species is very different from the South African ones owing
to the more ovate shape of the elytra, and also of that of the
prothorax, the sides of which are gradually ampliate and rounded
from the outer angle to near the base, the angle of which is very
sharp and prominent ; the tibiae are distinctly denticulate outwardly.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand). L. Peringuey.

AsiDA LUTULENTA.

Nigra, indumento griseo vel ochraceo obtecta, pube setulosa brevi

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 265

dense vestita ; caput in meclio vix impression, lobis ante-ocularibus
modice proniinulis ; prothorax antice late circulatim emarginatus,
postice profunde bisinuatus, angulis acutis sat proniinulis, ab angulo
antico pone medium lateratum rotundato ampliatus, dein basi baud
sensim obliquatus, disco postice quadratim elevato, intra basim
apiceque utrinque impressus, lateribus latis, deplanatis, margine
crassa, infra excavata ; elytra antice prothorace vix angustiora,
post medium baud ampliata, plana, postice dehiscentia, margine
laterali tuberculata, verrucis setiferis, elongatis, fere cohoerentibus,
ad basim noununquam costam formantibus, ante apicern evanescenti-
bus in singulo bi-seriatis, interstitio laterali postice sparse verrucoso ;
corpus subtus vix setosum ; pedes brevissirne sed dense setulosi.
Long. 9^-10| rnm. ; lat. 5-5^ mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Mossel Bay). Dr. W. P. Purcell.

AsiDA UNIGEXA,

Tab. VI., fig. 8.

Nigra, pube squamosa ochracea vel nigrescente, dense obtecta ;
caput rugose punctatum, breviter setulosum, vertice longitudinaliter
tri-impressum, lobis ante-ocularibus, distinctis ; prothorax longitu-
dine vix latior, apice late circulatim emarginatus, basi baud sinuatus,
angulis, posticis rectis, ab angulo antico pone medium rotundatus,
parum ampliatus, dein basi fere rectus, profunde crebreque punctatus,
punctis squamis repletis, in medio sat profunde canaliculatus atque
utrinque impressus, lateribus longitudinaliter apiceque transversim
sulcatis, margine laterum sat crassum, vix reflexuni, infra baud
excavaturn ; elytra elongata ; antice protboracis basi aequalia, post
medium baud ampliata, plana, apice breviter dehiscentia, rugosa,
margine laterali acuta costulisque duabus sinuosis, e rugis inter-
ruptis, irregularibus, formatis, apicem baud attingentibus, interstitiis
variolosis, utrinque prtedita ; corpus subtus pedesque ut in specie
praecedenti. Long. 8-10 mm. ; lat. 3i 5 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Ceres, Malmesbury). E. M.
Lightfoot, Dr. W. P.' Purcell.

ASIDA LECTA.

Nigra, indumento terreno obtecta, vix setulosa ; caput vertice tri-
impressum, lobis ante-ocularibus prominulis ; prothorax longitudine
tertio latior, apice circulatim emarginatus, basi breviter bi-sinuatus,
lateraliter ab apice pone medium late rotundato-ampliatus, dein basi

266 Annals of the South African-

fere rectus, disco parum elevato, autice arcuatim impresso, intra
basim carinis cluabus brevibus, medium baud attingentibus, munito
impressions que lata sat profunda utroque notato, lateribus antice
sat late depressis, mavgine sub-acuta, infra baud excavata ; elytra
antice basi prothoracis vix latiora, pone medium perparum anipliata,
supra modice depressa, postice declivia, tuberculis sat validis, confer-
tis, quadruplici serie apiceni fere attingente, in singulo instructis,
serie supra laterali antice obliterata ; corpus subtus et pedes ut in
speciebus antecedentibus. Long. 8 mm. ; lat. 4 mm.
Hab. Natal (no exact locality).

ASIDA LEGITIMA.

Nigra, ochraceo tomentosa, lateribus prothoracis, tuberculis
elytorum pedibusque distincte setulosis ; caput in medio verticis sub-
foveolatum, lobis ante ocularibus prominulis ; prothorace longitudine
quarto latior, ab angulo antico pone medium latissime rotundato-
ampliatus, fere foliaceus, versus basim rectus, apice sensim sed baud
circulatim emarginatus, basi distincte bi-sinuatus, angulis acutis,
disco parum elevato, costis callosis longitudinalibus duabus, basi
apice validioribus, in medio interruptis, foveam geminam includenti-
bus notato, ad medium laterum utrinqiu: subtiliter foveato, lateribus
late sub-deplanatis, margine laterum sat crassa, distincte reflexa,
infra baud canaliculata ; elytra pone medium prothorace baud latiora,
sat depressa, apice declivia, tuberculis validis a basi fere ad apicem
utrinque trifariam seriatis obsita ; corpus subtus dense ochraceo-
pollinosum. Long. 8 mm. ; lat. 4 mm.

Hab. Natal (D'Urban). A. D. Millar.

TRIBE MOLUBINI.

GEN. AMIANTUS, Haag-Rut.
AMIANTUS MANICANUS.

Niger, pube terrena brevi dense obtectus ; caput rugosum, ab
oculos circulatim reflexum ; prothorax vix latior quam longior, ad
medium laterum rotuudato-ampliatus, basi apice baud latior, angulis
anticis valde acuminatis, prominulis, posticis nullis, supra gibbosus,
prope basim leviter compressus, crebre foveolatus, fere in medio
distincte bi-impressus, elytra basi obliqua, ad bumeros prothorace

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 267

duplo latiora, quadrata, supra antice vix rotundata, postice abrupte
declivia, lateribus verticalibus, carina lateral! apice acute terminata
partemque declivarn superante costisque duabus declivitatis apicem
attingentibus e carinis brevibus, distincte interruptis sub-undulatisque
formatis, utroque praedita, interstitiis granulis distinctis sat confertis
obsitis ; pro and mesosterno rude, metasterno abdomineque subtilius
punctatis ; pedes rugosuli, breviter pubescentes. Long. 15 mm. ;
lat. 9 mm.

Hab. Zambesia (Manica). F. C. Selous.

GEN. PSAMMODES, Kirb.

PSAMMODES KARROOEXSIS,

Plate VI, fig. 10.

Niger, nitidus, elytris costis tuberculosis ferrugineo-rufis ; antenna)
graciles ; caput leve ; prothorax fere orbicularis, supra aequaliter
convexus, basi apice nonnibil angustior, angulis anticis acutis valde
prominulis, posticis rotundatis, margine laterali acuta, serrulata,
lateribus anguste granulosis, disco vage puiictulato, punctis omnibus
setam longissimam pallidam ferentibus ; elytra rotundata, a basi
ampliata, supra convexa, postice valde dehiscentia, costis tribus
acute crebreque tuberculatis, basim vix attingentibus, rufescen-
tibus, interstitiisque minus seriato tuberculatis, in singulo praedita,
tuberculis omnibus setiferis, setis longissimis, erectis, sutura sub-
elevata, margine laterali acuta, postice deplanata serrulataque ; pedes
validi, femoribus crassis, dense ochraceo tomentosis. Long. 23 mm. ;
lat. 15-17 mm.

$ . Abdom. segment. 2 macula rotundata fulvo-tomentosa.

Allied to P. scabratus, Sol. Tbe very long, pallid setas are very
easily rubbed off, and it is rare to find a pilose example.

Hab. Cape Colony (Matjesfontein, Worcester Distr.), R.
Trimen ; (Fraserburg).

PSAMMODES HOTTEXTOTUS,
Plate VI., fig. 9.

Nigro piceus, sub-nitidus, antennae graciles ; caput antice pube
ochracea dense vestitum, vertice glabrum, leve ; prothorax longitu-
dine latitudine aequali, rotundato ampliatus, basi apice baud angustior,
angulis anticis acutis, prominulis, posticis obliteratis, supra convexus

268 Annals of the Soutli African Museum.

sparse punctulatus, punctis setam longissiman ferentibus, margin
lateral! sub-serrata, lateribus anguste granulosis ; elytra rotundata, a
basi ampliata, convexa, postice declivia, granis validis, longe setiferis
crebre regulariterque obsita ; pedes validi, femoribus crassis, fulvo
tomentosis ; epipleura granulata. Long. 23 mm. ; lat. 15 mm.

J^ . Abdom. segm. 2 ferrugineo maculate.

Similar in shape to P. karrooensis, but at once differentiated by the
absence of costae on the elytra and by the even distribution of the
granules which bear, however, as long a seta as in P. karrooensis.

Hab. Cape Colony (Clanwilliam).

PSAMMODES ROTUNDirENNIS.

Niger, nitidus ; caput antice parce punctulatum, vertice leve ;
prothorax ut in speciebus praecedentibus, sparse punctulatus, sed
glaber ; elytra rotundata, convexa, postice declivia, vittis quatuor
depressis rufescentibus utrinque praedita, antice punctulata, postice
minute granulata et brevissime setigera ; sutura sub-elevata, margine
lateral! acuta, postice nonnihil deplanata ; pedes validi, modice
elongati, ochraceo-pubescentes. Long. 22 mm. ; lat. 14 mm.

$ . Abdom. segm. 2 et 3 macula orbiculari fulva, anteriore
latiora.

Not unlike P. differ, Fahr., but the elytra are more globose, the
depressed rufescent bands are deeper, broader and better defined
along the posterior declivity. It is also closely allied to P. nitens,
Fahr.

Hab. Cape Colony (Graham's Town).

PSAMMODES MEEACUS.

Niger, sub-opacus, antennis fulvo pubescentibus ; caput baud
punctulatum : prothorax longitudine quarto latior, regulariter rotun-
dato ampliatus, basi vix sinuatus, angulis anticis acuminatis, posticis
rectis, parum convexus, antice dehiscens, pone medium obsolete bi-
foveolatus, apice lateraliterque tenuiter marginatus ; elytra a basi
ampliata, ad medium prothorace duplo latiora, versus apicem
attenuata, supra valde convexa, postice declivia, antice rugosula,
postice crebre minuteque granulosa, pilis flavescentibus sub-erectis
longis, basi excepta dense vestita, margine laterali acuta, pone
medium versus apicem modice recurva ; pedes validi, breves, dense
fulvo pilosi ; processus prosternalis triangulus angulis apice
distincte productis. Long. 30 mm. ; lat. 30 mm.

Soutli African Coleopterous Fauna. 269

c? . Seg. abdom. tribus primis in medio fulvo tomentosis.

Not unlike in general appearance P. ponderosus, but the prothorax
is more deflexed in the anterior part, and the elytra are more
ampliated from the very base ; the sculpture and colour are, however,
very different.

Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg). E. J. Dunn.

PSAMMODES MASHUNUS,

Plate VI., fig. 13.

Niger, elytris leviter asneo micantibus ; antennis piceo-rufis, gracili-
bus ; caput vage sparseque puuctulatum ; prothorax longitudine
latitudine fere aequali, ante-medium rnodice rotundato ampliatus,
pone medium versus basim leviter attenuatus, angulis anticis acutis,
prominulis, posticis rotundatis, supra convexus, antice sub-declivus,
ad basim utrinque leviter compressus, punctis mintitis adspersus,
linea angusta longitudinali nuda ; elytra antice latitudine baseos
prothoracis, in medio ampliata, versus apicem attenuata, supra con-
vexa, postice valde declivia, apice deplanato producta singulatimque
rotundata, costata, interstitiis 2-4 ad declivitatem, 5-6 apice ultra
medium acute tuberculatis, laterihus etiam apice tuberculatis, margine
lateral! acuta apice laminata ; pedes elongati, sat validi, tibiis fulvo
tomentosis. Long. 25-26^ mm. ; lat. 14-15 mm.

3 Abdom. segmentis tribus primis fulvo tomentosis.

Allied to P.pierreti, Amyot. ; the facies is the same, but apart from
the colour, which is different, the sculpture of the elytra differs also :
in P. pierreti they are not costate, and the sides and posterior part
are covered with very closely set seriate tubercles, whereas in P.
mashwius there are only three lateral series of slightly larger
tubercles not closely set, and two series in the declivous part.

Hab. Zambesia (Upper Haiiyani Eiver). G. A. K. Marshall.

PSAMMODES MULLEEI,
Plats VI., fig. 11.

Niger, nitidus ; antennae graciles, ferruginei ; caput fere leve ;
prothorax longitudine hand latior, ante medium vix ampliatus,
angulis anticis acutis, prominulis, posticis rotundatis, supra con-
vexus, acute marginatus, vix punctulatus ; elytra antice prothoraee
tertio latiora, in medio leviter ampliata, versus apicem parum
attenuata, margine lateral! acuta, apice utrinque laminata, supra

370 Annals of tlic South African,

deplanata, postice abrupte decliva, antice in medio levigata, parti.-
postica lateribusque longitudinaliter tuberculatisj tuberculis creberri-
mis, seriatis ; pedes elongati sub- valid!, dense fulvo pilosi. Long.
25-26 mm. ; lat. 14-15 mm.

$ . Segm. abdom. tribus primis fulvo tomentosis.

A very distinct species, which I have much pleasure in calling
after Herr Clemens Mtiller, who has very kindly compared my
examples of the South African MoluridcB with Haag Rutenberg's
types, now in his possession.

Hab. Cape Colony (Pella, Bushmanland). G. Alston.

PSAMMODES RUSTICUS.

Obscure brunneus, sub-nitidus, indumento pollinosi albido tectiis ;
caput sub-leve ; prothorax longitudine quarto latior, regulariter rotun-
dato ampliatus, basi apice hand angustior, aculis anticis acutis, pro-
minulis, posticis rotundatis, supra convexus, disco vage punctulatus,
lateribus anguste scrobiculatis ; elytra sub-rotundato ovalia, a basi
ampliata, versus apicem parurn attenuata, supra convexa, postice
sub-declivia, dense creberrimeque granulata, lateribus declivitaque
dense longeque pilosis, margine lateral! acuta, versus apicem parum
deplanata, pedes modice elongati, dense pubescentes ; processus
prosternalis, fere rectus, apice emarginatus, augulis prominulis,
obtuse rotundatis. Long. 19-22i mm. ; lat. 12-14 mm.

<3 . Abdom. segm. tribus primis in medio fulvo tomentosis.

Somewhat similar in shape to P. nit ens ; but the prothorax is not
so much ampliated in the middle, and the elytra are not so rotund
laterally owing to their being a little more ampliated near the base ;
it is also not unlike P. hottentotus, but the elytra are not so rotund,
the granulation is very much finer, and the hairs on the side and
on the posterior parts are much shorter, more closely set, and nearly
decumbent ; it is also differentiated by the shape and number of the
ventral pubescent patches in the $ .

Hab. Cape Colony (Worcester). J. Lycett.

PSAMMODES APPKOXIMANS.

Rufo brunneus, nitidus, antennis tarsisque brunneo-ferrugineis ;
antennae modice graciles ; caput apice profunde postice vage punc-
tulatum ; prothorax longitudine tertio latior, regulariter rotundato
ampliatus sed basi apice angustior, angulis anticis modice pro-
minulis, posticis sub-angulatis, supra modice convexus, antice

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 271

dehiseens, vage punctulatus, linea tenuissima longitudinali a medio
apice ducta, fere obliterata, notatus, supra basim vage bi-foveolatus ;
elytra basi prothorace angustiora, a basi ultra medium ampliata, ubi
prothorace duplo latiora, delude versus apicem raodice attenuata,
supra convexa, postice sub-abrupte dehiscentia, a basi medio crebre
punctulata, delude tenuiter granulosa longeque sed baud dense
pubescentia ; margine lateral! acuta, ad apicem modice deplanata ;
pedes sub-elongati, dense ferrugineo tornentosi. Long. 22 mm. ;
lat. 13 mm.

$ . Abdona. segm. 2 macula orbicular! fulva.

Hob. Transvaal (Potchefstroom). T. Ayres.

PsAMMODES PLAUSIBILIS.

Brunneus, sub-nitidus ; capite sat crebre profundeque punctatum ;
protborax longitudine tertio latior, ad medium rotundato-ampliatus,
postice antice magis attenuatus, basi apice nonnihil angustior, angulis
anticis valde acuminatis prominulisque, acute marginatus, supra
convexus, crebre punctatus, ad latera punctis evidentioribus ; elytra
oblongo ovalia, crebre punctulata, interstitiis antice levibus, postice
rugosulis, pilisque decumbentibus griseis, basi excepta, dense vestita,
margine lateral! acuta, recurva, versus apicem parum deplanata ;
pedes sub-elongati, valid!, dense fulvo pubescentes. Long.
25-25| mm ; lat. 13-14 mm.

$ . Segm. abdom. 2 et 3 macula rotundata fulva, posteriore
minuta.

Somewhat shaped like P. pubcsccns, Sol., but the elytra are more
oblongo-ovate, and the sculpture is different.

Hab. Orange Free State (Kronstad). Dr. Simon.

PSAMMODES TKOFANUS.

Nigro-piceus, nitidus, glaber ; caput fere leve ; prothorax longi-
tudine tertio latior, ad medium rotundato-ampliatus, postice antice
magis attenuatus, basi apice nonnihil angustior, angulis anticis
prominulis, posticis rotundatis, supra convexus, vage punctulatus,
margine lateral! sub-crenulata, lateribus anguste modiceque rugosis,
linea longitudinali tenuissima a basi medium attingente ; elytra
sub-oblongo ovalia, antice minus ampliata, supra convexa, apice
dehiscentia, glabra, costulis plurimis evanescentibus sub-undulatisque
in singulo instructis, antice fere baud punctulata, longe pone
medium granulis minutissimis sat crebris obsita ; pedes validi, sub-

272 Annals of the South African, Museum.

elongati, dense fulvo pubescentes ; processus prosternalis apice
utrinque spinosus. Long. 24 mm.; lat. 13 mm.

Closely allied to the preceding species ; the general appearance is
very similar, but the outer margin of the prothorax is more serrate,
the elytra are glabrous, and the prosternal process is very distinctly
spinose on each side of the apex instead of being nearly rounded.

Hab. Cape Colony (Pella). G. Alston.

PSAMMODES INTERMEDIUS.

Obscure brunneus ; caput antice profunde, postice minus puncta-
tum ; prothorax longitudine quarto latior, regulariter rotundato-ampli-
atus, basi apics aaquali, angulis anticisacutis, valde prominulis, supra
convexus, crebre sed baud profunde punctatus, punctis ad latera
distinctioribus, margine laterali evidenter crenulata ; elytra oblongo
ovalia, medio prothorace duplo latiora, convexa, apice dehiscentia,
costis tribus modice distinctis utrinque praedita, granulis minutissimis
creberrimisque obsita, pube grisea breve, antice obliterata, dense
tecta, sutura elevata, margine literali acuta, reflexa, postice modice
deplanata ; pedes minus elongati, rugosuli parce pubescentes ; pro-
csssus pro-sternalis ut in P. plausibili. Long. 25 mm. ; lat. 14 mm.

Closely allied to both the preceding species ; from P. prof anus it
is easily distinguished by the shape of the pro-sternal process, which
is rounded at tip instead of being spinose on each side at apex ;
while the elytra are not costulate in P. plan^ibilis, nor are they
granulose.

Hab. Cape Colony (Stellenbosch). L. PiVinguey.

PSAMMODES PR.ELIATOR.

Nigro piceus, nitidus, antennis tarsisque ferrugineis, caput sat
crebre leviter punctulatum ; prothorax ad medium distincte rotun-
dato ampliatus, longitudine tertio latior, angulis anticis acutis, pro-
minulis, posticis rotundatis, basi apice baud latior, supra convexus,
dorso laxe punctatus, punctis ad latera evidentioribus, intra basim
in medio bi-impressus ; elytra elongata, antice latitudine baseos
prothoracis, longe pone humeros gradatim ampliata, medio pro-
thorace duplo latiora, versus apicem paullum attenuata, supra
convexa, postice dehiscentia, a basi ultra medium sub-crebre sed vage
punctulata, postice minute granulata, granis breviter setiferis, in dorso
vagissime striata, margins laterali acuta, apice modice deplanata ;

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 273

pedes breves, rude punctati, tibiis dense fulvo tomentosis. Long.
21 mm ; lat. 11 mm.

$ . Abdom. segm. 2 et 3 macula orbiculari, anteriore minuta,
fulvo tomentosa.

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom). T. Ayres.

PSAMMODES SOLITARIUS.

Niger, nitidus, caput prothoraxque opaci, vage punctulati, hie ab
apice pone medium lateraliter rotundato-ampliatus, versus basim
paullurn attenuatus, longitudine tertio latior, supra modice convexus,
linea levi longitudinal: media, basi transversim impressus, angulis
anticis acutis, prominulis, posticis sub-rotundatis ; elytra basi
prothorace latiora, humeris baud sensim obliquis, medio basi baud
latiora, supra deplanata lateribus verticalibus, postice declivia,
costa supra marginal! acuta costulaque discoidali prope illam posita
utrinque prajdita, superficie omni crebre minuteque granulata,
sutura depressa, margine lateral! acuta, rerlexa ; pedes punctulati,
graciles, breves, tibiis fulvo tomentosis. Long. 15 mm. ; lat. 8 mm.

The shape of the elytra is nearly similar to that of P. tomentosus
Sol. The supra marginal carina is equally sharp, but reaches nearly
the suture at a very short distance from the apex, and the base is
straighter, thus giving the elytra a more quadrate appearance ; the
small costa next to the supra marginal one is hardly distinct.

Hab. Cape Colony (Riversdale).

PSAMMODES FLAGRAXS.

Nigro piceus, crebre minuteqiie piinctulato granulate, punctis
omnibus squamulis griseis repletis ; prothorax rotundato-ampliatus,
basi apice baud latior, angulis anticis acutis, prominulis, latitudine
longitudine fere aequali supra modice convexus, intra basim late
transversim impressus, margine lateral! acuta ; elytra ovalia, basi
prothoracis latitudine, adsequantia, medio tertio latiora, postice
acuminato-attenuata, supra sub-convexa, postice modice declivia,
costulis quatuor vagis sub-discoidalibus, postice abbreviatis, utrinque
praedita ; pedes elongati, graciles, tibiis fulvo pubescentibus. Long.
13 mm. ; lat. 6 mm.

There is no new ally of this species known to me.

Hab. Transvaal (Johannesburg), J. P. Cregoe.

PSAMMODES VIETUS.

Niger, sub-nitidus ; caput punctatum, punctis confertis ; pro-

27-4 Annals of the South African, Museum.

thorax hand profunde scrobiculatus, parvus, ante medium rotun-
dato-ampliatus, latitudine paulo brevior, basi apice tertio angustior,
angulis anticis acuminatis, supra convexus, antice deflexus, postice
sub-gibbosis, medio linea longitudinali nuda ; elytra antice latitudine
baseos prothoracis, a basi pone medium inflata, thorace triple
longiora, medio magis duplo latiora, supra valde convexa, declivia,
crebre punctata, postice rugosula, lateribus apice tenuiter granulatis,
costis septem undulatis, obsolete elevatis, aequali spatio distantibus,
postice abbreviatis, nee prope ad basim extensis, utrinque praedita;
pedes sub-validi, dense fulvo pilosi. Long. 16 mm. ; lat. 9 mm.

Not unlike in general appearance P. scaber, Fabr. ; the form of the
prothorax is nearly similar, but it is scrobiculate instead of being
smooth or nearly so, and the elytra, which are also very different in
sculpture, are very much more attenuate at the base.

Male unknown.

Hah. Transvaal (Leydenburg).

PSAMMODES DISSOCIATUS.

Niger, sub-nitidus, supra terrene squamosus ; caput crebre scrobi-
culatum ; prothorax ante medium rotundato ampliatus, pone medium
leviter attenuatus, longitudine quarto latior, basi apice tertio angustior,
angulis anticis acute productis, supra antice deflexus, postice sub-
gibbosus, crebre punctatus, punctis confluentibus, marginibus totis
carinatis ; elytra antice latitudine baseos prothoracis, pone humeros
rotundato ampliatis, medio thorace duplo latiora, postice angustata,
supra deplanata, postice declivia, lateribus sub-verticalibus, crebre
punctulata, pube squamosa obsita, costis in singulo sex longitudi-
nalibus, interioribus fere obsoletis, sub-carinatis ; pedes sub-graciles,
breves, til)iis fulvo tomentosis. Long. 15^ mm. ; lat. 9 mm.

This species is not unlike a Dichtha, owing to the costae on the
elytra, the outer one of which is distinctly carinate and overhangs
the outer margin. The shape of the prothorax is similar to that of
P. victns, and is perhaps a little more flattened in the anterior part,
but the elytra are much more ampliate from near the shoulders,
depressed in the anterior part, and more declivous behind ; the
costae are not wavy, and are more distinct.

Hab. Transvaal (Heidelberg). H. Bottomley. Zambezia (Victoria
Falls).

PSAMMODES MANIFESTLY.
Niger, nitidus, antennae sub-validae, piceae ; caput sparse puiictu-

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 275

latum ; prothorax ante medium paullum ampliatus, postice sub-
diagonalis, basi leviter sinuatus, longitudine tertio latior, basi apice
latitudine adaequans, angulis anticis acutis prominulis, posticis rectis,
supra convexus medio late profundeque punctatus, ad latera fere
fossulatus, intra basim bi-impressus, margine lateral! acuta, reflexa,
leviter serrulata; elytra elongata, oblongo ovalia, basi prothorace
baud latiora, medio parum ampliata, prothorace triple longiora,
supra convexa, levia, punctis sat crebris granulum includentibus,
posticeque evanescentibus obsita ; margine lateral! acuta, apice hand
deplanata ; pedes breves, sub-validi, rugosi. Long. 30 mm. ; lat.
15 mm.

Not unlike in general appearance P. badeni, Haag ; but the
prothorax is not so parallel ; the elytra are a little more oblong, and
the sculpture differs.

Hab. Zambesia (Manica). F. C. Selous.

PSAMMODES JUNODI.

Plate VI., fig. 15.

Niger, opacus; antennae crassiusculae, breves ; caput inter antennas
baud transversim impressum, punctis profundis cribratum ; prothorax
longitudine quarto latior, ad medium leviter ampliatus, basi apice
baud angustior, angulis anticis prominulis, margine basali profunde
emarginata, supra in medio disci paullum depressus, lateribus
nonnihil deplanatis, profunde crebreque punctatus, intra basim
distincte bi-foveatus, foveis vittaque marginal! lata pube flavescente
sericea repletis ; elytra elongata, antice prothorace nonnihil angus-
tiora, in medio vix latiora, sub-parallela, versus apicem parum
attenuata, sub-rotundata, supra modice convexa, postice minus
dehiscentia, sulcis latis profundis quatuor, primo breviore, extimo
angustiore, utrinque pnedita, interstitiis costatis, modice elevatis,
sub-rugosis, sulcis vittaque supra marginal! lata pube flavescente
sericea dense vestita, margine lateral! acuta, reflexa ; pedes breves,
valid!, rude profundeque punctati. Long. 45 mm. ; lat. 18 mm.

$ . Segm. abdom. tribus basalibus late fulvo tomentosis.

A very distinct species.

Hab. Mozambique (Antioka). Rev. H. Junod.

PSAMMODES ALGOENSIS.

Niger, sub-opacus ; antennae crassiusculae, breves ; caput inter
antennas profunde impressum, rude punctatum, antice scrobi-

19

276 Annals of the South African Museum.

culatum ; prothorax longitudine quarto latior, rotundato ampliatus,
in medio distincte aculeatus, postice antice minus ampliatus sed
basi apice haud angustior, angulis anticis baud prominulis, posticis
modice rotundatis, supra sub-depressus, margine antica laterumque
carinata, intra basim vage bi-impressus, punctis profundis ad latera
confluentibus crebre obsitus ; elytra oblongo ovata, basi prothorace
latiora, humeris sub-obliquis, medio prothorace tertio latiora, supra
parum convexa, granulis distinctis creberrimis obsita, interstitiis
rugosulis, costulis vagis fere obsoletis sed ad latera nonnihil
evidentioribus utrinque praedita ; pedes validi, breves, rude rugosi,
tibiis posticis apice cavernosis. Long. 24 mm. ; lat. 12 mm.

$ . Segm. abdom. basalibus tribus late fulvo tomentosis.

Allied to P. procrustes, Westw., but much smaller, and with a
different sculpture.

Hab. Mozambique (Loureno-Marques). J. de Coster.

i

PSAMMODES VALBNS.

Niger vel rufo-brunneus, sub-opacus ; antennae ferrugineae, sub-
graciles, prothoracis basim attingentes ; caput inter antennas
profunde transversim impressum, subtiliter crebreque punctatum ;
prothorax latus, rotundato ampliatus, basi apice haud angustior,
angulis anticis sub-prominulis, basi sinuata, supra parum convexus,
granulatione minutissima, ad latera nonnihil validiora, crebre obsitus ;
elytra antice prothorace latiora, a basi ampliata, late ovata, versus
apicem modice acuminata, supra parum convexa, creberrime sub-
tiliterque granulata, margine laterali anguste deplanata, a basi ad
apicem distincte reflexa ; pedes breves, sub-graciles, rude punctati.
Long. 12-14 mm. ; lat. 7-g 8 mm.

I do not know of any close ally of this species.

Hab. Mozambique (Delagoa). J. de Coster.

PSAMMODES INTEGER.

Brunneus, sub-nitidus ; antennae piceaa, sub-validae, prothoracis
basim attingentes ; caput inter antennas profunde transversim
impressum, fere scrobiculaturn ; prothorax ante medium rotundato
ampliatus, postice paullum attenuatus, basi haud sinuata, apice
latitudine aequali, angulis anticis prominulis, posticis rectis, supra
parum convexus, medio scrobiculato, scrobiculis ad latera validibribus,
margine laterali acuta, sub-serrulata ; elytra basi prothorace latiora,
ab humeros medio paullum ampliata, versus apicem rotundatim

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 277

attenuata, supra modice convexa, punctis subtilissimis griseo
squamosis creberrime obsita, costulis obsoletis tribus utrinque vage
instructs, margin e laterali acuta, reflexa ; pedes breves, rugosuli,
tibiis anticis externe acute cariiiatis, valde sinuatis. Long. 15 mm. ;
lat. 9 mm.

The elytra are not much more convex than in P. valeiis, and of
nearly the same shape, but the prothorax is less broad, the base is
not emarginate, and the sculpture is different.

Hab. East Africa (Lugenda).

PSAMMODES DEBILIS.

Fuscus vel ferruginous, labro, palpis, aiitennis pedibusque rufo-
ferrugineis ; caput epistomaque crebre aciculata, oculi prominuli ;
prothorax basi apiceque latitudine adaequans, ad medium leviter
ampliatus, latitudine maxima haud longior, crebre aciculatus, antice
sub-convexus, intra basim transverse leviter impressus, basi haud
sinuata, angulis posticis parum prominulis ; elytra basi prothoracis
latitudine maxima quarto latiora, pone humeros haud ampliata, a
rnedio versus apicem acuminata, convexa, antice obsolete aciculata,
postice granulis minutissimis fere obliteratis obsita ; pedes graciles,
rugosuli, calcaribus unguibusque longis. Long. 12-14 mm. ; lat.
4f-5 mm.

$. Segmentis abdominis basalibus tribus in medio fulvo
tomentosis.

Not unlike in general appearance P. villosocostatus, Sol., but the
elytra are a litttle narrower and more elongate, the prothorax is
much narrower and more convex, the aciculation is very fine and
not striolate, and the claws and spurs are longer.

Hab. Damaraland (Walvisch Bay). J. J. Cleverley.

Judging from the length of the spurs and claws, I think that it
is an arenicolous insect.

PSAMMODES PKOFUGUS.

Niger vel nigro piceus, palpis, aiitennis tibiisque ferrugineis ;
caput crebre punctatum, inter antennas transverse impressum ;
prothorax basi apiceque latitudine adaequans, globosus, obsolete
punctulatus pilisque brevibus sub-flavescentibus dense vestitus ;
elytra antice latitudine baseos prothoracis, ad humeros obliqua, pone
humeros haud ampliata, a medio ad apicem acuminata, apice singu-
latim aculeata, supra convexa, granulis distinctis crebris pilisque

278 Annals of tlic South African Museum.

brevibus obsita, costis tribus parum elevatis apicem baud attingen-
tibus in singulo praedita, sutura carinulata ; pedes breviusculi,
rugosuli, tibiis breviter setulosis.

$ . Segmentis abdominis basalibus tribus in medio fulvo
tomentosis. Long. 13-16 mm. ; lat. 5-7 mm.

Hub. Cape Colony (Fraserburg, Carnarvon).

This species, and also the following ones, are distinguishable by
the very convex, nearly globose prothorax.

PSAMMODES ADVENTITUS.

Niger, sub-opacus ; pilis sub-brevibus sat dense obsitus, antennis
pedibusque ferrugineis ; caput epistomaque scrobiculata, oculi pro-
minuli ; prothorax latitudine baud longior, sub-globosus, basi
apiceque latitudine adyequans, crebre aciculatus, pilosulus ; elytris
basi prothoracis latitudine maxima baud latiora, ad humeros obliqua,
medio paullum ampliata, ubi prothorace tertio latiora, versus apicem
modice acuininata, supra convexa, costis tribus sub-rotundatis apicem
hand attingentibus in singulo prscdita, obsolete punctulata, sat dense
pilosula ; pedes rugosuli, longe pilosi, tarsis elongatis. Long.
20 mm. ; lat. 8 mm.

Allied to P.profugus, but differs in the sculpture of the head which
is scrobiculate longitudinally ; the prothorax is less globose ; the
elytra are more ampliated in the middle, less convex and less sharply
acuminate behind, the disk is hardly punctulate instead of being
granulose, the suture is not raised, and the tarsi are much longer.

Hal>. Cape Colony (Namaqualand). L. Peringuey.

PSAMMODES LJETULUS.

Nigro piceus, labro, antennis, pedibus tarsisque ferrugineis, caput
prothoraceque crebre sed baud profunde punctulati, hie latitudine
parum longior, lateribus modice rotundato-ampliatis, basi apice
nonnihil angustior, angulis anticis acuminato productis, basalibus
obtusis, supra convexus, intra basim distincte transversim impressus ;
elytra elongata, antice fere latitudine baseos thoracis, medio tertio
latiora, apice acuminata, supra convexa, crebre minuteque rugoso-
punctata pubeque brevi sub-flavescente, posterius densiore tecta ;
margine laterali carinulata ; pedes sub-graciles, rugosuli, ferrugineo
pilosi.

3 . Segm. abdom. tribus primis ferrugineo tomentosis.

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom). T. Ayres.

This species has no close ally known to me.

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 279

PSAMMODES PROCURSUS,

Plate VI., fig. 14.

Niger vel nigro piceus, sub-nitidus, antennis palpis tarsisque

errugineis ; caput parce punctulatum ; prothorax longitudine hand

latior, convexus, obsolete punctulatus, in meclio vage canaliculatus,

ateribus rotundato ampliatis, serrulatis, angulis anticis longis, acutis,

posticis brevibus, basi recta ; elytra prothorace triple longiora,

humeris obliquis, a basi ad medium ampliata, ubi l)asi duplo latiora,

a medio ad apicem acuminata ; supra convexa, granulis minutis

antice validioribus dense obsita, margine lateral! acuta, leviter

reflexa ; ad medium inflexa ; pedes elongati, valid!, valde rugosi,

ferrugineo tomentosi.

$ . Segment, abdominis tribus basalibus ferrugineo tomentosis.
Long. 24-30 mm. ; lat. 11-13 mm.

Allied to P. hcydeni, Haag, but much more elongate and more
acuminate behind ; the prothorax is smaller, and the elytra less
ampliate, longer, less convex in the $ , and covered with very
closely set granules which are very minute in the posterior part ;
the antennae are very slender, and the tarsi are long, slender, and
fringed with long hairs.

Hab. Cape Colony (Bushmanland). R. M. Lightfoot.

PSAMMODES VATICINUS.

Niger, sub-nitidus, palpis, antennis pedibusque ferrugineis ; caput
parce punctulatum ; antennae graciles ; prothorax longitudine parum
latior, convexus, lateribus rotundato ampliatis, sub-serrulatis, angulis
anticis prominentibus, triangulis, posticis rotundatis, basi recta ; supra
crebre sed baud profunde punctulatus ; elytra oblongo ovalia, antice
latitudine baseos thoracis, humeris sub-obliquis, medio thorace duplo
latiora, a medio ad apicem acuminata, superne convexa, granulis
minutissimis antice validioribus obsita, margine laterali acuta,
breviter reflexa; pedes elongati, scrobiculati, ferrugineo tomentosi.

$ . Segment, abdom. duobus basalibus ferrugineo-toraentosis.
Long. 18 mm. ; lat. 9 mm.

Allied to P. steinJielli, Haag -Rut., teste Herr Miiller (this
species is unknown to me), and also to P. lieydcm and P.procursit* ;
it is distinguished from the second by the more convex elytra which
are not so depressed in the anterior part in the $ , and the
posterior declivity of which is more elongate ; the granules are also
less closely set and the anterior angles of the prothorax are much

280 A/tnalx f the So/it/i African M-uscuiii.

more pronounced than in the two species above mentioned ; from
P. licydeni it is easily distinguished by the more slender facies, the
elytra more acuminate behind ; the sculpture of the elytra is nearly
identical, and the outer margins of the prothorax are much less
serrulate.

Hab. Ovampoland.

PSAMMODES PLACIDUS.

Niger sub-nitidus, elytra interduni in medio rufescentibus, palpis,
antennis tarsisque ferrugineis ; caput parce punctulatum, inter
antennas transversim leviter impressum ; prothorax ad medium
rotundato ampliatus, longtitudine fere quarto latior, basi apice haud
angustior, angulis anticis parum acuminatis, supra convexus, antice
parum deflexus, punctis haud profundis sat crebre obsitus, lateribus
acute marginatis ; elytra elongata, oblongo ovalia, antice latitudine
baseos prothoracis, medio thorace duplo latiora, apice modice
attenuata, supra convexa, a basi pone medium parce punctulata,
postice minute granulata, in singulo costulis discoidalibus plurimis
vagis saepeque obliteratis, margine laterali acuta, reflexa ; pedes
validi, breves, rude profundeque punctati, breviter pilosuli ; processus
prosternalis in medio distincte emarginatus. Long. 26-28 mm. ;
hit. 12-15 mm.

$ . Segm. abdom. 1-3 in medio ferrugineo-tomentosis.

Large examples of this species are not unlike P. (jraiidix of medium
size, but the prothorax is not so wide, the elytra are narrower
and more convex, and the shape of the posternal process is very
different.

Hab. Transvaal (Johannesburg). A. Eoss.

PSAMMODES EXILIS.

Niger, nitidus, palpis antennisque piceo - runs ; caput inter
antennas transversim impressum, sat profunde punctatum ; prothorax
longitudine fere tertio latior, in medio valde rotundato-ampliatus,
basi apice parum angustior, angulis anticis haud acuminatis, supra
sub-deplanatus, crebre subtiliterque ad latera profundius punctatus,
marginibus laterum modice carinatis, basi bi-impressa ; elytra
elongata, versus apicem modice acuminata, antice latitudine
urothoracis sequalia, breviter ampliata, medio prothorace tertio
latiora, supra modice convexa, granulis minutissimis postice
evanescentibus parce adspersa, costis tribus longitudinalilms

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 281

obsoletis, interdum obliteratis, in singulo praedita, niargine lateral!
refiexa ; pedes sat validi, breves, glabriusculi, subtiliter punctati.
Long. 19-20 mm. ; lat. 8-9 mm.

$ . Segm. abdorn. 1-3 macula grisea vel ferruginea.

Hob. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage, Port Alfred).
Eev. J. A. O'Neil.

PSAMMODES INCONGRUENS,

Plate VI., fig. 17.

Niger, nitidus, palpis, antennis tarsisque piceo-rufis ; caput inter
antennas arcuatim impressum, antice crebre, postice parce punctu-
latum ; pro thorax longitudine duplo latior, lateraliter rotundato
ampliatus, basi apice haud angustior, apice sinuatus, angulis acutis,
basi rectus, angulis obtusis, supra parum convexus, marginibus
laterum acutis, valde reflexis, punctulatus, ad latera scrobiculatus ;
elytra antice basi thoracis vix latiora, ab humeros ampliata, medio
thorace fere duplo latiora, postice parum attenuata, modice convexa,
antice crebre sed haud profunde punctulata, postice minute granulata,
costis tribus obsoletis antice obliteratis in singulo praedita, margine
luterali acuta, distincte reflexa ; pedes modice validi, breves, rugosuli.
Long. 23-24 mm. ; lat. 12-13 mm.

3 Segm. abdom. 1-3 macula fulva.

A very distinct species owing to its broad prothorax with recurved
lateral margin ; the shape of the elytra is nearly similar to that of
P. sub-costatus, Sol., but a little broader laterally near the base.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Alfred). Eev. J. A. O'Neil.

PSAMMODES C^ELATUS,
Plate VI., fig. 16.

Niger, sub-nitidus, elytris rufo-ferrugineis ; caput prothoraxque
crebre punctati, punctis squamulis griseis repletis ; hie ante medium
rotundato ampliatus, longitudine fere duplo latior, basi apice nonnihil
angustior, angulis anticis prominulis, posticis rectis, punctis crebris,
sub-confluentibus, ad latera latioribus, omnibus squamulum iuclu-
dentibus, obsitus, intra basirn bi-impressus, vitta longitudinali media
denudata ; elytra oblongo-ovalia, basi prothoracis maxima parte
haud latiora, medio nonnihil ampliata, prothorace tertio latiora,
convexa, vitta longitudinali juxta suturali plagisque elongatis,
angustis, flexuosis, dense griseo squaniosis, notata, sutura inter-

282 Annals of the South African Museum.

stitiisque plagarum denudatis ; pedes breves. Long. 17-20 mm.;
lat. 8-9 mm.

$ . Segm. abdom. tribus basalibus in medio late fulvo tomentosis.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage). Eev. J. A.
O'Neil.

PSAMMODES GARIESUS.

Niger, opacus, antennis tarsisque ferrugineis ; caput antice
scrobiculatum, postice rude strigillatum ; prothorax ad medium
rotundato ampliatus, longitudine tertio latior, basi sinuatus, apice
nonnihil angustior, angulis posticis fere rectis, anticis sub-prominulis,
supra sub-depressus, strigillatus, intra basim profunde bi-impressus ;
elytra oblongo-ovalia, antice prothoracis basi fere dimidio latior, ad
medium parum ampliata, convexa, granulatione minuta, sat densa,
obsita, granulis apice fere evanescentibus, margins acuta, a medio
apice sub-reflexa ; pedes breves, rugosuli. Long. 23 mm. ; lat.
11^ mm.

$ . Segm. abdom. tribus basalibus late fulvo tomentosis.

Hab. Cape Colony (Garies, Namaqualand). G. Alston.

Easily distinguished owing to the lustreless black of the upper
part which is as dull as in P. vcrecimdiis. In general appearance
it is not unlike P. grand-is, Sol., but it is narrower, the prothorax is
much more depressed, and the sculpture is different.

PSAMMODES PR^STANS.

Niger, vel nigro-piceus, sub-nitidus ; caput antice leviter scrobicu-
latum, vertice punctatum ; prothorax ante medium rotundato
ampliatus, pone medium versus basim angustatus, basi apice
nonnihil angustior, angulis anticis acutis, prominentibus, supra
convexus, crebre profundeque punctatus, ad latera scrobiculatus,
punctis scrobisque omnibus cinereo squamosis, disco leviter bi-
foveolatus, intra basim profunde bi-impressus ; elytra oblongo-ovalia,
antice latitudine prothoracis, medio prothorace tertio latiora, convexa,
sutura elevata costisque tribus sub-carinatis, interiore breviore
utroque prsedita, interstitiis minutissime creberrimeque granulatis,
costis punctulatis, margins laterali acuta, sub-reflexa ; pedes breves,
rugosi ; processus prosternalis apice dilatatus, profunde emarginatus.
Long. 21-26 mm. ; lat. 10-13 mm.

$ . Segm. abdom. secundo macula fulvo tomentosa.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage). Eev. J. A.
O'Neil.

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 283

PSAMMODES MENDAX.

Niger, sub-nitidus supra crebre punctatus, punctis squamis griseis
repletis ; caput crebre punctatum, inter antennas transversim
impressum ; prothorax ad medium rotundato ampliatus, basi apice
hand angustior, angulis anticis prominulis, posticis rectis, supra
convexus, crebre profundeque punctatus, ad latera fere scrobiculatus,
intra basim bi-impressus et in disco minute bi-foveolatus ; elytra
oblongo - ovalia, basi prothorace nonnihil latiora, supra convexa,
costis denudatis tribus, distincte elevatis, iiiteriore breviore in singulo
prsedita, interstitiis dense griseo squamosis, margine laterali
acuta, reflexa ; pedes breves, sub-graciles ; processus prosternalis
apice baud dilatatus neque emarginatus. Long. 20 mm. ; lat.
9i mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Albert). Dr. K. D. Kannemeyer.

Eesembles the preceding species but is at once distinguished by
the shape of the prosternal process which is neither dilated nor
deeply emarginate at apex ; the prothorax is also more regularly
ampliate towards the middle and not so much attenuate towards the
base, and there is only a faint trace of the two discoidal foveae ; the
elytra have the same sculpture, but they are a little less attenuate
at base.

PSAMMODES PEBFIDUS.

Niger, sub-nitidus, supra crebre punctatus, punctis griseo-
squamosis ; caput ut in P. mcndax ; prothorax ante medium
aliquantulum ampliatus, supra modice convexus, crebre punctatus,
in disco vage bi-foveolatus, intra basim bi-impressus ; elytra oblongo-
ovalia, prothorace in medio fere duplo latiora, sutura costisque
denudatis tribus in singulo praedita, interstitiis dense griseo
squamosis, margine laterali acuta, modice reflexa ; pedes pro-
cessusque prosternalis ut in P. mcndax. Long. 18 mm. ; lat.
9 mm.

This species is very closely allied to the preceding one, but differs
in the shape and sculpture of the prothorax which is a little narrower
and very little ampliated laterally in the anterior part ; the punctures
on the discoidal part are broader and deeper.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

PSAMMODES PROBUS.
Niger, sub-nitidus, elytris postice vage seneo-rufescentibus ; caput

284 Annals of the South African Museum.

crebre punctulatum ; prothorax amplus, longitudine tertio latior, basi
leviter sinuatus, distincte marginatus, sub-sinuatus, apice emarginatus,
angulis anticis acutis prominulisqus, posticis rectis, lateribus ad
medium rotundato-ampliatis, supra convexus, crebre punctulatus,
punctis ad latera vix distinctioribus : elytra obtuse ovata, rnedio
prothorace duplo latiora, postice parum acuminata convexa, pone
medium sub-abrupte declivia fere levia ; pedes breves, rugosuli,
femoribus anticis clavatis, tibiisque ejusdem paris exteriie sinuatis ;
processus prosternalis ut in P. myrmidon. Long. 21 mm. ; lat.
14 mm.

The facies is less elongate than that of P. myrmidon, owing to the
elytra being less attenuate laterally past the middle and more
abruptly dehiscent behind ; the sculpture of the head and prothorax
is very different.

Hab. Transvaal (Barberton). H. Bottomley.

PSAMMODES LETHABGICUS.

Niger, nitidus, palpis antennisque ferru.gin.eis ; caput modice
punctulatum ; prothorax longitudine fere quarto latior, ante medium
leviter rotundato ampliatus, postice leviter attenuatus, basi apice
baud angustior, angulis anticis acutis, posticis rectis, supra modice
convexus, dorso crebre puuctulatus, linea depressa brevi notatus, ad
latera scrobiculatus, intra basirn distincte bi-impressus, marginibus
laterum tenuiter carinatis ; elytra oblonga, postice sub-rotundata,
pone humeros nonnihil ampliata, prothorace in medio duplo latiora,
plus triplo longiora, tenuissime denseque granulata costulisque tribus
parum elevatis, sed intermedia distinctiore, utrinque prasdita, carina
marginali acuta, reflexa ; pedes breves, sub-validi, rugosuli ; pro-
cessus prosternalis dilatatus, apice modice emarginatus, sed angulis
acutis dentiformibus. Long. 26 mm. ; lat. 14 mm.

A very distinct species characterised by the elongate shape of the
fl\ tra which are very little attenuate behind.

Hab. Cape Colony (Knysna). Dr. F. Purcell.

The species hereafter described belong to the group of Psammodcs
(Ocnodes, Fahr.) scrobicollis, Fahr., characterised by oblong ovate
elytra, short legs with the anterior tibite broad, sharply carinate and
sinuate outwardly, and moderately slender antennae.

The following table may help in distinguishing the species here
described :

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 285

C. PROTHORACIS LATERA AD MEDIUM PERPARUM AMPLJATA.

Protborax totus granosus, elytra minute crebreque granulata . . mi/rmidon.

Prothorax crebre miuuteque strigillatus ; elytra crebre sed vage
punctulata spccularis.

Prothorax punctato strigillatus ; elytra creberrime atque minute
granulosa vagus.

Prothorax elytraque confertim granulata ; elytra opaca verecundus.

Protborax elytraque creberrime granulata ; elytra nitida . . . . dubiosus.

Prothorax crebre punctatus, latcribus scrobiculatis ; elytra sat
crebre punctata vexator.

B. PKOTHORACIS LATERA ANTE MEDIUM AMPLIATA, VERSUS BASIM

SENSIM ANGUSTATA, HAUD DEPLANATA.

Protborax intra basim transversim impressus, confertim punc-
tatus, disco bi-foveolatus consols.

Protborax scrobiculatus, disci pars postica punctis distantibus
adspersa ; elytra antice punctis niinutis adspersa imitator.

Prothorax crebre profundeque punctatus, lateribus granulatis ;
elytra crebre punctata sperabilis

Protborax conferte punctulata, ad basim minus attenuatus ; elytra
crebre minuteque granulosa congniens.

Elytra baud granulosa mcndicus.

A. PROTHORACIS LATERA ANTE MEDIUM MAGIS AMPLIATA, SUB-

DEPLANATA.

Protborax in medio disci profunde punctatus, lateribus late
rudeque granulatis ; elytra subtiliter rugosa licitus.

Prothorax punctulatus, ad latcra sub-rugosus ; elytra vitta suturali
lata ; elytra laxe granulosa similis.

Prothorax elytraque sat crebre punctulata dolosus.

286 Annals of the South African Museum.

PSAMMODES MYRMIDON.

Niger, sub-nitidus ; caput inter antennas transversim impressum,
scrobiculatum ; prothorax latitucline quarto longior, rnodice rotundato
ampliatus, basi sub-sinuatus, angulis posticis rotundatis, anticisvalde
acutis prominulisque, supra convexus, antice paullo declivus, minute
scabrosus, basi lateribusque distincte marginatis, intra basim
breviter impressus ; elytra ovalia, medio prothorace duplo latiora,
supra convexa, postice modice declivia, granulis minutis crebre
adspersa, margine lateral! acuta, reflexa ; pedes breves, validi,
scabrosi, femoribus anticis sub-clavatis tibiisque ejusdem paris
externe sinuatis ; processus prosternalis dilatatus, triangulus, apice
baud emarginatus. Long. 29 mm. ; lat. 16 mm.

$ . Segm. abdom. 3 primis late fulvo tomentosis.

Shape and general facies of P. scrobicollis ; the prothorax is more
convex, a little less broad and distinctly declivous in the anterior
part, and instead of being covered with deep and broad scrobiculate
punctures, it is finely shagreened ; the elytra instead of being nearly
smooth, with a few minute granules scattered about, are covered
with closely set and larger granules, and the apex of the pro-sternal
process is not deeply emarginate in the centre as in P. scrobicollis.

Hab. Cape Colony (Prieska).

PSAMMODES SPECULARIS.

Niger, nitidus, palpis, antennis, tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis ; caput
antice rude punctatum, vertice paullum strigillaturn ; prothorax
longitudine latitudine tertio latior, lateribus fere pone medium modice
rotundato ampliatis, basi apice baud latior, angulis anticis acuminatis,
prominulis, posticis sub-rotundatis, convexus, ad basim leviter
depressus, totus marginatus, confertim strigillatus ; elytra ovalia,
antice prothorace basi nonnihil latiora, versus apicem sub-acuminata,
medio prothorace tertio latiora, convexa, postice longe dehiscentia,
margine laterali acuta, versus apicem sat reflexa, baud deplanata,
punctis crebris, vagis, apice evanescentibus obsita ; pedes rugosuli,
breves, parce pubescentes. Long. 15 mm. ; lat. 7 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Eikatla). Rev. H. Junod.

PSAMMODES VERECUNDUS.
Niger, opacus, antennis tarsisque ferrugineis ; caput minute

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 287

granulosum, palporum maxillarum articulo ultimo securiformi ;
prothorax pavum rotundato-ampliatus, longitudine tertio latior,
basi emarginatus angulis rotundatis, apice sub-sinuatus angulis
acutis, valde prominulis, totus distincte marginatus, supra convexus,
crebre distincteque granulosus, granulis elongatis ; elytra antice lati-
tudine baseos prothoracis, aequalia ad hurneros ampliata, sub-ovalia,
versus apiceni acuminata, supra convexa, postice longe dehiscentia
apiceque deplanata, crebre distincteque granulosa, granulis apice
minirnis et sparsis, margine laterali acuta, reflexa ; pedes breves,
rugosi, posticis intermediisque sub-gracilibus ; antennae graciles.
Long. 15-24 rnm. ; lat. 8-13 mm.

3 . Abdom. segment, tribus vel quatuor basalibus in medio late
errugineo tomentosis.

Easily recognised by the opaque colour of tbe upper side and the
very distinct granulation of the prothorax and elytra ; in the small
examples from Namaqualand the posterior part of the elytra is more
abruptly dehiscent than in larger specimens from Damaraland.

Hub. Cape Colony (Port Nolloth). L. Peringuey. Damaraland
(Walvish Bay).

PSAMMODES DUBIOSUS.

Niger, nitidus, antennis tarsisque ferrugineis ; caput antice rugose
punctatum, postice granulatum ; prothorax fere ut in specie
praecedente, sed magis parallelus, supra granulis rotundatis nonnihil
validioribus breviterque setiferis crebre obsitus ; elytra ovalia,
versus apicem acuminata, medio prothorace tertio latiora,
convexa, longe dehiscentia, apice haud deplanata, margins laterali
acuta, crebre distincteque granulosa, granulis brevissime setiferis ;
pedes breves, rugosi. Long. 19 mm. ; lat. 10 mm.

$ . Pectore abdominisque segmentibus omnibus in medio fulvo
tomentosis.

Distinguished from the preceding species mainly by the more
rounded granules which are slightly wider apart on the prothorax,
and more closely set on the elytra ; they are also very briefly
setigerous, and the marginal part of the apex is not depressed.

Ilab. Damaraland (Angra Pequeiia).

PSAMMODES VEXATOR.

Brunneo niger, nitidus ; antennis ferrugineis, crassiusculis ; caput
antice late rudeque punctatum, postice strigillatum ; prothorax
latitudine fere quarto longior, in medio paullum rotundato ampliatus,

288 Annals of the South African Museum.

apice leviter sinuatus, angulis anticis prominulis, posticis sub-rotun-
datis, basi recta, supra rnodice convexus, totus marginatus, in dorso
crebre profundeque punctatus, ad latera late scrobiculatus, sci-obis
granulis minutissimis repletis ; elytra ovalia, versus apicem
attenuata, supra convexa, postice dehiscentia. apice haud deplanata,
punctis sat crebris modice profundis adspersa, margine laterali acuta,
reflexa; pedes breves rugosi. Long. 20 mm. ; lat. 10 mm.

J . Segm. abdom. tribusbasalibus in medio late fulvo tomentosis.

This species is differentiated from the following by the shape of
the elytra, which are narrower near the base ; the prothorax is not
so much ampliated laterally and the punctures in the disk are more
closely set and do not coalesce in the anterior part.

Hab. ? Zambesia.

PSAMMODES VAGUS.

Niger, sub-nitidus, palpis antennis tarsisque ferrugineis ; caput
rugose punctatum, inter antennas profunde transversim impressum ;
prothorax longitudine quarto latior, pone medium modice rotundato
ampliatus, basi apice haud latior, sed angulis posticis distincte
rotundatis, anticis acutis, valde prominulis, punctis elongatsi
creberrime obsitus, lateribus granulatis ; elytra ovata, antice
prothorace nonnihil, medio fere duplo latiora, convexa, postice
longe dehiscentia, margine laterali acuta, reflexa, apice perparum
deplanata, granulis minutis creberrime obsita ; pedes breves, rugosuli,
parce pubescentes. Long 15-21 mm. ; lat. 8-11 mm.

$ . Segm. abdom. quatuor basalibus late fulvo tomentosis.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Nolloth), L. Peringuey ; (Garies)
G. Alston.

PSAMMODES CONSORS.

Niger, nitidus, palpis antennis pedibusque piceis ; caput antice
profunde punctatus, punctis postice subtilioribus ; prothorax
longitudine tertio latior, ante medium rotundato-ampliatus, versus
basim paullum attenuatus, basi apice haud angustior, angulis anticis
acutis, prominulis, posticis sub-rotundatis, supra convexus, totus
marginatus, punctis minutis creberrime obsitus, punctis ad latera
distinctioribus, medio disci bi-foveatus, intra basim anguste depressus
medioque minute bi-fossulatus ; elytra ovalia, antice prothorace
nonnihil latiora, versus apicem attenuata, supra convexa, postice
modice dehiscentia, margine laterali acuta, reflexa, apice haud

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 289

deplanata, granulis minutissimis antice sat crebris, post medium
evanescentibus, obsita ; pedes breves, sub-validi, rugosi, tibiis parum
pubescentibus. Long. 17 mm. ; lat. 9 mm.

Easily distinguishable by the two shallow foveiB of the prothorax.

Hab. Transvaal (Eustenburg). Miss Schunke.

PSAMMODES IMITATOR.

Niger, nitidus, antennis pedibusque ferrugineis ; caput crebre
scrobiculatum ; prothorax ante medium rotundato ampliatus, versus
basim paullum attenuatus, longitudine tertio latior, basi apice
baud angustior, angulis anticis validis, acutis, posticis sub-rotundatis,
totus marginatus, supra convexus, punctatus, punctis postice
baud confertis, ad latera scrobiculatus, scrobis granulis minutis
repletis ; elytra sub-ovalia, antice prothorace nonnihil, medio tertio
latiora, convexa, modice dehiscentia, margine laterali acuta, valde
reflexa, ad apicem baud deplanata, punctis minutis antice adspersa ;
pedes breves, sub-validi, rugosi, tibiis intermediis posticisque
pubescentibus ; processus prosternalis antice emarginatus. Long.
16-18 mm. ; lat. 9-10 mm.

$ . Segm. abdom. tribus basalibus, etiam metathorace interdum,
in medio late fulvo pubescentibus.

Evidently closely allied to P. scrobicollis, Fahr., and might prove
to be only very small examples of that species.

Hab. Cape Colony (Vaal Eiver). L. Peringuey.

PSAMMODES SPEBABILIS.

Niger, nitidus, labro, palpis antennisque ferrugineis ; capite
antice rude profundeque punctatum, postice strigillatum ; prothorax
ut in P. imitatore sed versus basim nonnihil magis attenuatus, supra
convexus, totus marginatus, supra-crebe distincteque punctatus, ad
latera granulosus ; elytra ovalia, antice prothorace paullum
angustiora, medio fere duplo latiora, convexa, postice modice
dehiscentia, margine laterali acuta, reflexa, apice nonnihil deplanata,
punctis minutissimis brevissime setiferis crebre obsita. Long.
18 mm. ; lat. 10 mm.

$. Segm. abdom. tribus basalibus metathoraceque in medio
fulvo tomentosis.

Differs from P. imitator in the sculpture of the prothorax, which is
only punctate in the centre and granulose laterally ; the elytra are

290 Annals of the Soutli African Museum.

also a little more narrowed near the base, and the prosternal
process is not emarginate.

Hab. Ovampoland (Omarramba). A. W. Eriksson.

PSAMMODES CONGRUENS.

Niger, sub-opacus, antennis, palpis pedibusque rufo piceis ; capite
antice profunde punctato, vertice sub-strigillato ; prothorax fere ad
medium rotundato ampliatus, basi apiceque leviter sinuatus, angulis
anticis acutis prominulis, posticis sub-rotundatis, convexus,
totus marginatus, margins laterali sub-serrulata, punctis minutis
confertim obsitus, lateribus leviter scrobiculato-rugosis ; elytra
ovalia, versus apicem paullum attenuata, antice prothorace
nonnihil angustiora, medio tertio latiora, convexa, postice modice
dehiscentia, margine laterali acuta, reflexa, apice baud deplanata,
antice crebre minuteque granulosa, granulis post medium obliterates ;
pedes breves, rugosuli, parum pubescentes. Long. 14 mm. ;
lat. 7 mm.

Hab. Bechuanaland (Eamoutsa). Eev. J. A. O'Neil.

PSAMMODES MENDICUS.

Nigro brunneus, nitidus, palpis, antennis tarsisque piceo-rufis,
elytra vitta suturali rufescente ; caput antice profunde punctatum,
vertice rude strigillatum ; prothorax longitudine latitudine fere adse-
quans, antice modice rotundato ampliatus, versus basim evidenter
attenuatus sed basi apice latitudine tequalis, angulis anticis acutis,
baud prominulis, posticis sub-rotundatis, convexus, totus marginatus,
punctis sat minutis crebre obsitus, ad latera densioribus ; elytra
ovata, convexa, postice modice dehiscentia, antice latitudine baseos
thoracis, medio prothorace tertio latior, tota levia, margine laterali
acuta, leviter reflexa, apice baud deplanata ; pedes breves, sub-validi,
parum pubescentes. Long. 12-13 mm. ; lat. 6-7 mm.

The prothorax is more attenuate laterally towards the base than
iu any of the closely allied species.

Hab. Ovampoland (Umbe, Okovango Eiver). A. W. Eriksson.

PSAMMODES LICITUS.

Brunneo niger, sub-opacus, palpis, antennis, tibiis tarsisque
ferrugineis ; caput rude profundeque punctatum ; prothorax
longitudine fere duplo latior, ante medium valde rotundato

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 291

ampliatus, pone medium diagonaliter attenuatus, basi apice nonnihil
latior, angulis posticis rectis, anticis valde prominulis, parum
convexus, lateribus deflexis, leviter marginatus, in medio disci
profunde crebreque punctatus, ad latera late sed minute scrobiculatus;
elytra antice latitudine prothoracis, late ovalia, medio prothorace
quarto latiora, versus leviter attenuata, modice rotundata, supra
convexa, postice dehiscentia, margine lateral! acuta distincte reflexa,
postice baud deplanata, rugosula, granulis minimis nonnulis
adspersa, costulis vix distinctis utrimque praedita, sutura vage
rufescente ; pedes breves, rugosuli, parce pubescentes. Long.
15-18 mm. ; lat. 9-1 U mm.

In this species the prothorax is more ampliated laterally than in
any other species of this group.

Hab. Zambesia ; Buluwayo (F. C. Selous) ; between the
Limpopo and Zambesi Eivers (T. Ayres).

PSAMMODES SIMILIS.

Niger, sub-nitidus, antennis tarsisque ferrugineis ; caput antice
late, vertice minute punctatum ; prothorax longitudine tertio latior,
ante medium rotundato ampliatus, pone medium diagonaliter
attenuatus, basi apice nounihil latior, angulis posticis fere rectis,
anticis acutis, prominulis, antice lateraliterque marginatus, dorso
modice convexus lateribus sub-deplanatis, crebre minuteque
punctatus, ad latera rugosus ; elytra ovalia, prothoracis basi
latitudine eequalia, medio parum ampliata, versus apicem modice
attenuata, margine laterali acuta, vix reflexa, apice haud deplanata,
supra convexa, postice sat longe dehiscentia ; sat crebre minute
granulata, vitta suturali sat lata, distincta, sanguinea ; pedes breves,
rugosuli, vix pubescentes.

$ . Segni. abdom. tribus basalibus in medio late fulvo tomentosis.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury, Mesahi Eiver). G. A. K. Marshall.

Differs from the preceding in the shape of the prothorax, which
is not quite as much ampliated before the median part, the punctures
on the median part are not so deep nor quite as broad, and the sides
are rugose rather than scrobiculate ; the elytra are more elongate
and not so wide, the sutural band is also more distinct.

PSAMMODES DOLOSUS.

Niger, nitidus, antennis, palpis tarsisque ferrugineis ; caput crebre
rudeque punctatum ; prothorax longitudine fere duplo latior, apice

20

292 Annals of the South African Museum.

sensim sinuatus, totus marginatus, sed parte antica laterum magis
acuta, basi apice baud latior, angulis posticis rotundatis, convexus,
crebre punctatus, punctis lateralibus vix magis distinctis ; elytra
antice protborace nonnihil latiora, medio perparum ampliata,
protborace tertio latiora, margine laterali acuta, reflexa, apice baud
deplanata, supra convexa, postice modice debiscentia, punctis
minutissimis, crebris tota obsita ; pedes breves, rugosuli, fere glabri.
Long. 15 mm. ; lat. 10 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom). T. Ayres.

PSAMMODES INQUINATUS.

Niger, indumento terreno supra dense vestitus, confertim pilosus,
pilis brevibus, erectis, subtus breviter pubescens ; articulis antennarum
duobus ultimis, palpis tarsisque ferrugineis; prothorax longitudine
duplo latior, rotundato arnpliatus, ad medium laterum angulatus,
basi apice nonnibil latior, angulis anticis sub-prominulis, posticis
rotundatis, supra modice convexus, pilis brevibus densis, erectis,
indumento fere occultis, vestitus ; elytra basi prothorace nonnihil,
medio tertio latiora, versus apicem modice acuminata, dorso antice
nonnibil deplanata postice breviter dehiscentia, apice baud deplanata,
pilis brevibus erectis indumentum excedentibus confertim seriatis,
seriebus approxirnatis, dense vestita ; subtus breviter griseo-pubescens
abdomen valde convexum ; pedes breves, setosi, sub-validi, tibiis
anticis calcaribus longis acutis. Long. 11 mm. ; lat. 7 mm.

$ . Abdom. segm. quatuor basalibus latissime brunneo pubes-
centibus.

Tins species, and also tbe following, differ somewhat in general
appearance from the other South African Psammodes. The antennae
and also the spurs of the fore tibiae are as in Ocnodes, Fahr., but in
the $ the abdomen is more convex.

Hub. Zarnbesia (? Victoria Falls).

PSAMMODES FORTUITUS.

Niger, opacus, nonnunquam indumento fusco supra obtectus,
pilis griseis dense vestitus ; antennis, palpis pedibusque ferrugineis ;
caput ut in P. iuqitinato ; prothorax longitudine duplo latior, ad
medium laterum rotundato ampliatus, basi nonnihil sinuatus, apice
basi nonnihil angustior angulis anticis sub-prominulis, posticis
rotundatis, totus marginatus, marginibus laterum reflexis, crebre
punctulatus, pilis griseis brevibus sub-decurnbentibus, sed intra mar-

South. African Coleopterous Fauna. 293

ginem lateralem longioribus atque rigidioribus, sat dense adspersus,
supra modice convexus ; elytra ovalia, apice acuminata, antice pro-
thorace nonnihil angustiora, medio quarto latiora, supra convexa,
sutura leviter depressa, postice longe dehiscentia, apice baud
deplanata, crebre punctulata pilisque rigidis griseis seriatis dense
vestita ; pedes corpusque subtus ut in P. inquinato. Long. 8 mm. ;
lat. 4-4^ mm.

<? . Abdom. segment, quatuor basalibus latissime brunneo
pubescentibus.

Smaller than the preceding, and with the elytra more ovate and
more acuminate at tip. In some examples the upper part is
covered with the same indumentum as in P. inquinatus.

Hab. Ovampoland. A. W. Eriksson.

OGK ABIES, nov. gen.

Mentum sub-trapeziforaie ; palpi maxillares articulo ultimo late
securiformi ; labrum transversum ; epistoma capite vix angustius,
marginatum, nonnihil reflexum a capite linea arcuata disjunctum ;
oculi sub-prominuli ; antennae breves, prothoracis basim baud
attingentes, articulis 5-8 turbinatis, 9-10 rnonilibus, iBqualibus,
11 prfficedenti baud latiore sed dimidio longiore, sub-moniliformi ;
thorax elytris contiguis, apice basique sinuatus lateribus anticis
baud prominulis, posticis rotundatis, longitudine duplo latior ;
scutellum breve, acutum ; elytra elongate ovalia, basi prothorace
nonnihil latiora, convexa, postice dehiscentia, apice attenuata ;
epipleura angustissima, apice ampliata ; sternum ut in Psammode ;
pedes breves, femoribus apice canaliculatis, femoribus anticis
intermediisque compressis, laminatis, apice dilatatis, anticis externe
valde sinuatis, interne longe pilosis ; tarsi omnes infra longe
pilosi.

A Psammodc praecipue differt articulo ultimo palporum maxil-
larum valde securiformi, articulis ultimis antennarum monilibus,
tibiis anticis intermediisque laminatis, apice dilatatis tarsisque infra
longe pilosis.

OGRABIES SINGULARIS.

Caput, prothorax pedesque brunneo-rufescentes, nitidi ; elytra
nitida, flava fere pelucida ; caput laxe punctulatum, antice
profunde impressum, epistoma vix attenuatuni, longitudine fere
triplo latius, antice sinuatum a capite linea arcuata disjunctum :
antennarum articuli quatuor ultimi flavescentes ; prothorax longi-

294 Annals of the Sonth African Museum.

tudine duplo latior, antice posticeqtie sinuatus, angulis anticis baud
prominulis, lateraliter modice rotundatus, ad basim perparum
ampliatus, basi apice nonnihil latior, lateribus late rotundatis,
distincte marginatus, sub-depressus ; scutellum triangulum ; elytra
antice protborace nonnibil latiora, triplo longiora, elongato-ovata,
medio protborace fere duplo latiora, convexa, postice longe
debiscentia, margine lateral! tenui, apice baud deplanata, vage
striata, striis angustis laxissime punctulatis, interstitiis fere levibus ;
corpus subtus brunneum, pectus punctulatum, pilosum, abdomen
leve, glabrurn ; pedes breves fere baud punctulati, interne pilosi ;
tarsi sat longi, infra longe pilosi. Long. 11^ mm. ; lat. 6 mm.

Hab. The sandy shores of Namaqualand (Port Nollotb, Ograbies).
L. Peringuey.

GEN. HYPOMELUS, Sober.

Sober has made two divisions in this genus which has not been
generally accepted, but by restricting it to the species which present
the characteristics given here, and which he included in his first
division, they form a very homogeneous and distinct genus
characterised as follows :

Mentum ut in Psammode, palpi crassiusculi, articulo maxillare
ultimo late securiformi ; antennae graciles, articulis elongatis, 9-10
magis minusque conicis, ultimo ovato, acuminato ; oculi supra valde
prominentes ; prothorax lateribus refiexis, angulis posticis retrorsum
productis ; elytra elongata, costulata, apice singulatim acuminata,
abdominis segmentis maris in medio baud tomentosis ; pedes modice
elongati.

The type of the genus is H. sabiilosus, Sol.

HYPOMELUS SERVUS.

Niger, pilis cinereis brevibus adspersus, palpis antennisque piceo-
rufescentibus, his pilosulis ; caput depressum, inter antennas
profunde impressum, crebre punctulatum ; prothorax basi apiceque
latitudine fere adaequans, lateribus in medio sub-angulatis, margine
lateral! obliqua, recta, postica sub-sinuata, angulis posticis retrorsum
productis, intra marginem basis transverse impressus, supra fere
planus, rnarginibus reflexis, crebre punctulatus, brevissime pubescens ;
elytra humeris obliquis, valde reflexis, pone humeros sinuata, deinde
oblonga, postice obtuse attenuata, supra convexa, sutura modice
elevata costisque tribus, interiore breviore, ante apicem abbreviatis

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 295

utrinque praedita, margine lateral! carinata, interstitiis parce
pubescentibus, costis apiceque longius pilosis ; pedes sub-graciles,
modice elongati, pubescentes. Long. 13-15 mm ; lat. 6-7 mm.

The shape of the prothorax is not unlike that of P. flagrans, but it
is a little less aculeate laterally in the middle ; the outer posterior
margins are less recurved, and the basal one less arcuate ; the elytra
are not villose, and the costae are very distinct. It is generally
covered with an earthy indumentum, and is on the whole closely
allied to H. sabulosus, Sol.

Hab. Cape Colony (Graham's Town, Somerset East, East
London) .

HYPOMELUS PLAUSIBILIS.

Niger, opacus ; supra fere glaber ; antennae, palpi pedibusque
rufescentibus ; caput epistomaque scrobiculata, hoc deflexum, antice
profunde transversim impressum, oculi convexi, prominentes ;
prothorax apice basique sinuatus, lateribus in medio sub-angulatim
dilatatis, latitudine maxima duplo brevior, sub-depressus, marginibus
laterum acutis valdeque reflexis, plicis brevibus longitudinalibus
confertim obsitus, medio linea longitudinal! evanescente ; elytra
basi prothoracis latitudine maxima latiora, deinde vix ampliata,
postice modice angustata, sub-convexa, postice deflexa, sutura parum
elevata, costa dorsali carinata apicem baud attingente costisque
duabus insterstitialibus humilioribus post medium evanescentibus
utrinque praedita, margine laterali acuta ad humeros valde reflexa,
interstitiis vage rugulosis granulisque sub-setiferis aliquot adspersis ;
pedes modice elongati, tibiis posticis sinuatis ; corpus subtus
brevissime pilosum. Long. 17 mm. ; lat. 9 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Ceres). Dr. W. F. Purcell.

A distinct species which cannot be compared with any other.

HYPOMELUS FLAGRANS,
Plate VI., fig. 12.

Niger, supra longe pilosa pubeque terrena vestita ; caput depressum,
'ab epistoma baud disjunctum, rugosum ; oculi prominentes ;
antennae graciles, articulis longe pilosis ; prothorax apice posticeque
arcuatum sinuatus, ab apice ad medium diagonaliter productus, deinde
ad basim attenuatus, ubi apice fere duplo latior, lateribus acutis,
anticis fere rectis, posticis sub-sinuatis, valde reflexis angulis basis
retrorsum productis, apice rotundatis ; elytra humeris obliquis, ab
humeros apice fere oblonga, medio prothorace dimidio latiora, apice

296 Annals of the South African Museum.

singulatim aculeata, modice divaricata, longe irregulariterque serrata,
supra convexa, rude profundeque punctata, sutura elevata margineque
lateral! valde reflexa, costulis duabus e pilis pubeque densioribus
formatis in singulo instructa ; pedes elongati, breviter sed dense
pilosi ; corpus subtus punctulatum, tenuiter terreno pubescens.
Long. 18 mm. ; lat. 8 mm.

This species is easily distinguishable owing to the thick, earthy
pubescence and long villose hairs, which cover the whole upper part
and which form on the elytra two distinct costae on each side of
the disk ; the sutural part of the apex is deeply incised but not
divaricate, and has on each side five outer distinct short teeth.

Hab. ? Cape Colony.

PSAMMODOPHYSIS, nov. gen.

Cum descriptione gen. Psammodes in plurimis convenit sed
ditfert antennis gracilioribus magisque pubescentibus, oculis valde
prominentibus, articuloque ultimo palporum maxillarum sub-
cylindrico, apice truncate, baud securiformi ; pedes graciles,
elongati, tibiis postices flexis.

Psammodes longicornis, Kirb., must also be included in this genus.

PSAMMODOPHYSIS PROBES.

Niger, sub-opacus ; antennis, palpis, labro pedibusque rufescen-
tibus ; caput depressum, fronte rugosula, ab epistoma baud
disjuncta, illo punctulato ; prothorax ante medium rotundato
ampliatus, antice truncatus angulis acuminato-productis, basi fere
rectus in rnedio longitudine fere duplo latior, supra parum convexus
subtiliter coriaceus, lateribus sub-depressis margineque laterali
antica distincte reflexa ; elytra antice thoracis basi baud latiora,
humeris obliquis, pone humeros baud sensim ampliata, at medio illo
tertio latiora, supra convexa, subtiliter granulata, sutura elevata
costisque tribus sub-elevatis, apicern baud attingentibus, utrinque
praedita, mai'gine laterali acute carinata atque ad humeros recurva,
epipleura levia ; palpi maxillares articulo ultimo truncate, baud
securiformi. Long. 21 mm. ; lat. 10 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Little Namaqualand) . G. Alston.

TEACHYNOTIDUS, nov. gen.
Trachynoto simillimus, ab eo praecipue differt segmentis abdorninis

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 297

maris in medio pubescentibus ; caput modice deflexum ; oculi
reniformes, prominuli ; palpi inaxillares articulo ultimo triangulo ,
antennae graciles, articulo 3 duobus sequentibus simul sumtis
longiore, 4-7 longitudine sub-sequalibus, 3-10 obconicis, 11
ovato ; prothorax elytris dimidio angustior, basi fere recta, angulis
postice sub-acute productis ; elytra elongata, ad medium ampliata,
postice acuminata, supra granulosa ; pedes graciles, longi, tibiis
posticis sinuatis. Mas. : abdominis segmentis basalibus tribus in
medio tomentosis.

Hardly different in shape from some species of Trachynotus,
but in the $ the three, and sometimes also the fourth, abdominal
segments are clothed in the centre with a brownish pubescence not
quite so thick or so distinct as in Psammodes ; in Trachynotus there
is no such pubescence. The eyes are also more prominent.

The types of the genus are T. (Psammodes) thoreyi, Haag, and
T. (Clinocranion) alstoni, Per.

TBACHYNOTIDUS MANIFESTUS.

Niger, opacus, elytrorum sutura, carina discoidali, vittis duabus
rnargineque laterali rufescentibus ; caput inter antennas profunde
impressum, crebre minuteque granulatum ; prothorax angustus,.
ante medium sub-angulatim dilatatus, longitudine quarto latior,
crebre granulatus ; elytra elongata, humeris obliquis, ad humeros
prothoracis latitudine maxima fere duplo latiora, in medio ampliata
ubique basi duplo latiora, deinde acuminata, supra convexa, granulis
distinctis adspersa, carina discoidali valida, apicem haud attingente
in singulo praedita, sutura haud elevata, margine laterali acuta ;
pedes longi, graciles. Long. 17-20 mm. ; lat. 7-9-J mm.

In shape and size this species is closely allied to T. (Clinocranion}
alstoni, but the granules of the prothorax and elytra are very much
smaller, and hardly distinct in comparison.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand). G. Alston.

TBACHYNOTIDUS COGNATUS.

Niger, opacus, caput inter antennas profunde impressum, crebre,
minute granulatum ; prothorax longitudine fere quarto latior, ad
medium valde angulatim dilatatus, lateribus anticis fere rectis,
posticis sinuatis, supra parum convexus, intra basim leviter trans-
versim impressus, crebre granulatus ; elytra ut in T. manifesto,
carina discoidali acuta sub-ferruginea, apicem haud attingente, in

298 Annals of the South African Museum.

singulo prsBdita, sutura baud elevata, margine lateral! acuta ; pedes
longi, graciles. Long. 19 mm. ; lat. 9|- mm.

Closely allied to the preceding species, but distinguishable by
the much broader and more hexagonal prothorax ; the elytra are of
the same shape and sculpture, but there is hardly any trace of the
two reddish lines on each side of the discoidal carina.

Hab. Bechuanaland (Taungs). G. Alston.

TRACHYNOTIDUS EXIMIUS.

Niger, opacus, prothoracis margine laterals, costis margineque
elytrorum ferrugineo rufescentibus ; caput prothoraceque crebre
profunde atque rugose punctati ; hie ampliatus in medio sub-angulatim
dilatatus, longitudine tertio latior ; elytra pone humeros modice
ampliata, in medio basi tertio latiora, versus apicem acuminata,
supra depressa postice convexa decliviaque, granulis minutis crebre
obsita ; costis tribus parum elevatis apicem baud attingentibus
utrinque prasdita, sutura baud elevata. Long. 19-21 mm. ;
lat. 8-10 mm.

The prothorax is as broad as in the preceding species, but it is
not so angular in the middle, and the lateral margin is not at all
sinuate in the posterior part ; the elytra are depressed in the central
part for a short distance from the suture, and instead of there being
a sharp carina on each side, there are three blunt, moderately broad,
ferruginous raised lines which cease before reaching the posterior
declivity ; the surface is covered with sparse and minute granules.

Hab. Cape Colony (Calvinia, O'Kiep). L. Peringuey.

GEN. TEACHYNOTUS, Latr.
TRACHYNOTUS NITENS.

, nitidus, prothorace elytrisque glabris, labrum pilosurn,
caput inter antennas transversirn profunde impressum, deflexum,
vertice punctulatum, oculi ovati, distincte emarginati ; prothorax ad
medium angulatirn dilatatus, longitudine dimidio latior, basi apiceque
truncatus, supra parum convexus, lateribus tenuiter marginatis, crebre
punctulatis, disco levi ; elytra elongata, antice basi thoracis baud
sensim latiora pone humeros modice ampliata, medio prothorace
dimidio latiora, et triplo longiora, deinde versus apicem valde
acuminata, modice convexa, sutura usque ad apicem elevata
costisque duabus utrinque prsedita, exteriore distincte carinata,

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 299

apicem baud attingente, interiore humiliore and breviore, margins
laterali reflexa, carinata ; rudimento costee tertias a medio ad
apicem magis conspicuo ; epipleura angusta, canaliculata, fere levia ;
pectus prosternumque griseo pilosa, pedes elongati, graciles, tibiis
posticis sinuatis. Long. 16-17 mm. ; lat. 6-7 mm.

Hal. Cape Colony (Garies). M. Schlechter.

A very distinct species but not unlike in general facies T.
acuminatus.

TBACHYNOTUS HAAGI,
Plate VI., fig. 18.

Niger, opacus, elytris sub-nitidis, protborace elytrisque glabris ;
caput deflexum, inter antennas profounde transversim impressum,
sparse punctulatum, epistoma labrumque pilosa, oculi magni, antice
emarginati ; prothorax ab apice ante medium dilatatus, postice
leviter attenuatus, apice basique truncatus, latitudine maxima
dimidio brevior, supra parum convexus marginibus acutis a medio
reflexis, confertim punctulatus, disco in medio, linea brevi impresso;
elytra elongata, humeris sub-rotundatis, medio prothorace vix diniidio
latiora, fere triplo longiora, postice valde acuminata, supra vix
convexa, carina suturali integra costaque discoidali fere apicem
attingente acute elevatis, margine laterali acuta, reflexa, interstitiis
granulis acutis irregulariter tri-seriatis obsitis ; corpus subtus griseo
pilosum ; pedes elongati, graciles, pubescentes, tibiis posticis
sinuatis. Long. 16 mm. ; lat. 7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Pella). G. Alston.

I do not know of any otber species to which T. liaacji could be
compared.

TRACHYNOTUS ADVENTITUS.

Niger, sub-opacus, glaber ; caput punctulatum, deflexum, antice
profunde transversim impressum, medio leviter sulcatum ; prothorax
apice basique truncatus, lateribus rotundato ampliatis, latitudine
maxima fere duplo brevior, supra parum convexus, crebre aciculatus,
lateribus baud deplanatis, marginatis, medio obsolete canaliciilato ;
elytra elongata, antice prothoracis basi baud latiora, pone humeros
ampliata, medio prothoracis latitudine maxima dimidio ( $ ) vel triplo
( ? ) latiora, fere triplo longiora, postice modice acuminata, granulis
acutis sat confertim obsita, carina suturali apicem attingente
alteraque discoidali ante apicem abbreviata, in singulo praedita;
margine laterali acuta, reflexa; epipleura kevia, in medio canaliculata;

300 Annals of the South African Museum.

corpus subtus brevissime pilosum ; pedes elongati, tenues, pubes-
centes, tibiis posticis sinuatis. Long. 16-18 mm. ; lat. 7-9 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Garies). M. Scblechter.

Not unlike in general facies T. Wahlbergi, Haag., but the pro-
tborax is not so sharply aculeate laterally, nor so much shagreened,
and the intervals on the elytra are granulose instead of being
roughly scrobiculate.

TKACHYNOTUS KUSTICUS.

Niger, opacus, glaber ; caput crebre sed baud profunde punctula-
tum ; prothorax basi apiceque truncatus, medio sub-angulatim dila-
tatus, fere hexagonus, longitudine quarto latior, parum convexus,
crebre punctulatus, intra basim obsolete transversim impressus,
linea longitudinali media apice posticeque abbreviata ; elytra elongate
ovata, basi prothorace nonnihil angustiora, medio ampliata, ubi pro-
thorace duplo latiora, versus apicem acuminata, supra modice convexa,
crebre granulata, sutura elevata, praeter carinam lateralem, reflexam,
costis sub-acutis discoidalibus duabus alteraque externali vix distincta
apicem baud attingentibus in singulo prsedita ; subtus brevissime
pubescens ; pedes sat graciles, brevissime pubescentes. Long. 13-
14 mm. ; lat. 6-7 mm.

Somewhat of the same shape as T. acnminatus, Queens., but with
more ovate elytra, also acuminate behind, but a little more convex
and with less sharp dorsal carinoe.

Hab. Cape Colony (Malmesbury). E. M. Lightfoot.

TKACHYNOTUS PLICIPENNIS.

Niger, sub-nitidus, pube brevissima terrena vestitus ; caput crebre
aciculatum, parum deflexum, in medio longe sulcatum, inter-antennas
profunde transversim impressum, epistoma labroque longius pilosa,
oculi ovati, antice profunde emarginati ; prothorax aciculatus, a parte
tertia usque ad basim rotundato ampliatus, antice leviter attenuatus,
truncatus, basi in medio truncata angulis retrorsum productis,
parum convexus, lateribus sub-declivis margineque laterum acuta,
baud reflexa, intra basim profunde transversim impressus ; elytra a
basi prope medium leviter ampliata, deinde attenuata, apice baud
acuminata, in medio prothoracis latitudine maxima magis quam tertio
latiora, supra modice convexa, sutura elevata, costis duabus, interiore
breviore, apicem baud attingentibus margineque lateral! carinatis in
singulo pryedita, interstitiis reticulatis ; corpus subtus breviter griseo-

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 301

tomentosum ; pedes breviores, pubescentes. Long. 19-22 mm. ; lat.
10-11 mm.

A distinct species, belonging to the group of T. pilosus, Haag ; T.
xilplioicles, Fahr. ; T. levis, Fabr., &c. The elytra, however, are more
elongate, although equally broad, and not at all acuminate behind,
and the intervals have a very distinct reticulation, less marked, how-
ever, in the female than in the male : in the former sex the two
dorsal costae unite at about two-thirds of the length, and are pro-
longed a little further as a single raised line, while in the male the
inner one is much the shorter of the two.

Hab. Transvaal (Middelburg, Barberton, Leydenburg).

TEACHYNOTUS LUTULENTUS.

Niger, opacus, pube densa ochracea vestitus ; caput sub-deflexum,
inter antennas baud profunde impressum, oculi elongati, emarginati ;
prothorax latus, hexagonus, apice sub-truncatus, basi leviter emar-
ginatus, marginibus laterum acutis sed baud reflexis, supra parum
convexus, intra basim profunde transversim impressus ; elytra basi
prothoracis latitudine maxima latiora, triplo longiora, deinde vix
ampliata, postice modice angustata, sub-convexa, post medium deflexa,
praeter suturam angustam vix elevatam, costa dorsali, humili, post
medium evanescente costulaque undosa, obsoleta, utrinque praedita,
margins lateral! acuta, ad humeros valde reflexa, interstitiis aciculatis,
tomentosis ; pedes sub-elongati, pubescentes ; corpus subtus punctu-
latum brevissime pilosum. Long. 11^ mm. ; lat. 7 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg). T. Ay res.

Allied to T. funestus, Fahr., but more massive; the upper part of
the body is covered w r ith a similar ochreous, extremely short pubes-
cence ; the prothorax is of the same shape but broader, and has a
deep basal transverse impression reaching nearly from side to side,
the elytra are not so acuminate and have a wavy ridge between the
dorsal carina and the outer margin which is not noticeable in
T. ftincatits.

TBACHYNOTUS TANTILLUS.

Niger, opacus ; prothorax breviter griseo-pubescens ; elytris pilis
brevissimis sub-erectis dense obtectis ; caput crebre punctulatum ;
prothorax longitudine tertio latior, apiceni versus angustatus, pone
medium late rotundato ampliatus, basi leviter sinuatus, angulis anticis
posticisque rectis, parum convexus, margins laterali acuta ; elytra

302 Annals of the South African Museum.

basi utrinque sinuata, antice prothorace distincte latiora, magis quam
duplo longiora, medio fere latitudine baseos aequalia, pone medium
versus apicem modice attenuata, supra antice nonnihil convexa, ad
latera baseos utroque impressa, margine laterali acuta, ad humeros
distincte reflexa, dorso utrinque vagissime tri-costato ; subtus tenuis-
sime griseo-pubescens ; pedes sub-graciles, breves, tenuiter griseo-
pubescentes. Long. 10J mm. ; lat. 5-^ mm.
Hob. Transvaal (Potchefstroom). T. Ayres.

TRACHYNOTUS MEEACUS.

Niger, opacus ; caput sat crebre punctulatum, antice breviter
griseo-pubescens ; antennae griseo pubescentes ; prothorax longitu-
dine tertio latior, apice basique fere truncatus, ad medium laterum
distincte angulatini ampliatus, basi apice baud latior, angulis pos-
ticis nonnihil retrorsum prominulis, supra modice convexus, intra
basim ad latera utrinque impressus, subtilissime punctulatus, impres-
sionibus posticis griseo tomentosis ; elytra oblongo-ovalia, antice
prothorace basi baud latiora, humeris oblique rotundatis, medio
prothorace quarto latiora, fere triplo longiora, versus apicem sub-
acuminata, sutura elevata praeterea, carina laterali costisque acutis
tribus, interiore breviore, secunda carinata casterisque magis conspicua
in singulo praedita, superficie vix rugosula, vitta angusta pubescente
juxta suturali, alteraque lata, supra laterali griseo-albidis ; subtus
pedesque dense sed breviter griseo-pubescentes. Long. 13 mm. ;
lat. 6 mm.

The nearest ally of this species is T. dub ins, Per., but it differs in
the shape of the prothorax, which is distinctly angular laterally in
the middle ; the pubescence on the elytra is also of a different
pattern.

Hab. Cape Colony (Clanwilliam). C. L. Leipoldt.

GEN. ECHINOTUS, Sol.

ECHINOTUS DISPAR.

Niger, indumento terreno-ochraceo dense obtectus ; caput vertice
deplanatum, rugosum ; antennae breviter pubescentes ; prothorax vix
latior quam longior, rotundato-ampliatus, basi apice perparum latior,
angulis posticis acutis, retrorsum prominulis, margine laterali serru-
lata, supra gibbosus, callis duobus validis acute granulatis in medio
instructis, parte antica apicis callosa, granulata, parte postica

So^lth African Coleopterous Fauna. 303

carinula brevissima in niedio instructa, basi ipsa transversim im-
pressa, margine crassa, recurva ; elytra humeris valde obliquis, pone
humeros prothorace duplo latiora, deinde longe post medium parallela,
ubi versus apicem acurninata, supra sat convexa, postice sat longe
dehiscentia, sutura elevata prgeterea, carina lateral! acuta postice
serrulata, medium declivitatis attingente carinisque duabus discoida-
libus longe ante apicem cohaerentibus atque in lineam acutam cum
carina lateral! connexam continuatis in singulo praedita, interstitiis
late clathratis ; subtus pedesque dense ocbraceo pubescentes. Long.
14 mm. ; lat. 7 mm.

Hab. ? Zambesia.

Very distinct from E. spinicollis, Sol.

TRIBE OPATEINI.

GEN. ANOMALIPUS, Guer.
ANOMALIPUS AGRESTIS.

Niger, nitidus, interstitiis elytrorum punctisque prothoracis squamis
terrenis vel griseis repletis ; caput antice sub-rotundatum, in medio
distincte excisum ; prothorax longitudine duplo latior, valde rotun-
dato-ampliatus, apice in circulum emarginatus angulis anticis acutis,
lateribus deplanato marginatis, basi apice quarto latior, angulis pos-
ticis retrorsum acute productis, supra parum convexus, punctis pro-
fundis, interstitiis in medio disci areolas irregulares formantibus, sat
dense obsitus ; elytra antice prothoracis basi baud latiora, ab humeros
pone medium nonnihil ampliata, ubi vix quarto latiora, in dorso
deplanata, postice distincte infiexa, fere verticalia, sutura ele-
vata costisque sub-glabris tribus nonnihil carinatis, praeter carinam
lateralem in singulo praedita, interstitiis utroque minute granulatis
tuberculisque parum elevatis, sub-rotundatis costain breviorem fere
formantibus in medio seriatis ; pedes sat robust!, tibiis anticis sim-
plicibus, externe bi-dentatis ? . Long. 25 mm. ; lat. 15 mm.

Belongs to the same group as A. mastodon, and urns, Fahr., and
also dentipes, Fabric. It approximates more the former in general
facies, but is easily recognised by the coarser and more irregular
punctuation of the prothorax ; the interstitial costa on the elytra is
not as carinate as in A. dentipes, and consists more of a series of
somewhat closely set rounded tubercles.

Hab. Transvaal (Heidelberg). H. Bottomley.

304 Annals of the South African Museum.

ANOMALIPUS TURPIS.

Niger, indumento terrene nonnunquam vestitus ; caput crebre
profundeque punctatum, antice profunde excisum ; prothorax longi-
tudine fere duplo latior, valde rotundato ampliatus, lateribus deflexus,
ad basim incisus, angulis posticis acutis a incisura longe retrorsum
ductis, apice in circulum etnarginatus, basi apice fere duplo latior,
leviter bi-sinuatus, supra nonnihil convexus, crebre angusteque scro-
biculatus, circa medium disci areolis parvis duabus notatus, intra
basim ad angulos utrinque leviter impressus ; elytra antice pro-
thoracis baseos baud latiora, pone humeros parum ampliata, pro-
thorace duplo longiora, in medio baud latiora, supra deplanata,
postice distincte inflexa, rotundata, fere verticalia, sutura carinaque
laterali acutis, carinisque granulosis, alternis magis elevatis, minori-
bus tuberculis minutis sat distantibus, utroque seriatis, praedita ;
corpus subtus iiitidum ; pedes validi, rugosi, tibiis anticis $ apice
interne mucronatisdenteque valida sub-perpendiculari inf erne arm atis,
extus valide bi-dentatis, intermediis posticisque leviter inflexis, supra
baud profunde canaliculatis, illis extus bi-dentatis. Long. 20 mm. ;
lat. 11-12 mm.

This species belongs to the same group as A. (Acmceus) clcpliax,
lineatiiSj'podagricus, &c. ; it is allied to A. plebcins, Per. (Trans. Lond.
Entom. Soc., 1896, p. 169), but in this species the prothorax is not
scrobiculate, the posterior angles are much shorter, and the costas on
the elytra are carinate, smooth, and all of equal height instead of
being verrucose with the alternate ones very distinctly higher than
the others ; the anterior tibiae are provided with a similar sub-per-
pendicular tooth, but in A. turpis there is no trace of the broad
inward groove.

Hab. Zambesia (Zambesi Falls), Dr. Bradshaw ; Ovarnpoland,
A. W. Eriksson.

TEIBE TENEBKIONINI.

GEN. NYCTEKOPUS, Casteln.

NYCTEROPUS CAPENSIS,

Plate VII., fig. 7.

Niger, capite prothoraceque sub-opacis ; palpis, antennis tarsisque
rufo-piceis ; caput minutissime punctulato-rugosurn, inter antennas
transversim tenuiter impressum ; prothorax apice basique truncatus,

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 305

latitudine quarto longior, lateribus vix ampiiatis, fere linearibus, ad
basim leviter sinuatus, angulis posticis anticis magis acutis, lateribus
basique distincte marginatis ; elytra elongata, prothorace basi vix
latiora et sesqui longiora, a medio versus apicem attenuata, convexa,
in medio disci vage punctato-seriata, seriebus ad latera posticeque
evanescentibus ; alis nullis ; subtus pedesque nigri, fere leves. Long.
13 mm. ; lat. 4 mm.

This genus was hitherto known from Madagascar only.

Hab Cape Colony (Knysna). Dr. W. F. Purcell.

TRIBE HELOPININI.
GEN. MICEANTEEBUS, Sol.

MlCRANTEREUS VALIDUS,

Plate VII., figs. 11 <? , 6 2 .

Niger, nitidus, glaber, elytris 3 atris, ? rufescentibus ; caput
punctulatum, antice distincte late impressum, crebre sed laxe punctu-
latum ; prothorax rotundato ampliatus, basi apiceque vix emarginatus,
angulis anticis prominulis, posticis fere nullis, totus marginatus, supra
modice convexus, crebre sed haud profunde punctulatus ; scutellum
breve ; elytra $ elongata, prothorace basi vix latiora et fere quadruple
longiora, pone medium tertio latiora, niodice convexa, postice sub-
longe dehiscentia, ? a basi ultra medium ampliata, ubi prothorace
duplo latiora, supra insigniter convexa, rotundata apiceque declivia,
margine lateral! ante apicem aciita, apice modice deplanata, lateribus
fere verticalibus, in dorso carinis tribus, in mare fere levibus, in
femina sub-tuberculosis, utroque praedita, carinis duabus discoidalibus
antice longe obliteratis, interiore breviore, exteriore basim apicemque
attingente, a basi ultra medium utroque irregulariter tuberculosa,
sutura postice elevata ; corpus subtus nigrum, nitidum, pectore parce
pilosum ; pedes validi, rugoso-punctati, tenuissime pubescentes ;
femoribus $ infra longe fulvo ciliatis, tibiis interniediis inferne
sinuatis, pone basim fere dentatis. Long. 22-24 mm. ; lat. 12-
mm.

The male is a very distinct species.

Hab. Zambesia (Buluwayo). P. C. Selous.

306 Annals of the South African Museum.

MlCRANTEREUS SPISSUS,

Plate VII., fig. 3.

$ . Niger, nitidus, glaber, antennis brunneis ; caput punctulaturn,
antice vage longifrudinaliter in medio sulcatum, crebre sed laxe punc-
tulatum ; prothorax normihil rotundato ampliatus, longitudine tertio
latior, antice posticeque sub-sinuatus, angulis anticis acutis, sub-
prominulis, posticis nullis, totus marginatus, supra modice convexus,
crebre sed baud profunde punctulatus ; scutellum breve ; elytra
oblongo ovalia, antice prothorace vix latiora, a basi ultra medium
modice ampliata, medio prothorace tertio latiora, versus apicem
attenuata, supra modice convexa, postice declivia, margine lateral!
acuta, apice distincte deplanata, in dorso sub-coriacea, lateribus verti-
calibus, late crebreque granulate tuberculosis, spatio supra marginal!
sat angusto, levi ; corpus subtus pedesque ut in M. spisso. Long.
20 mm. ; lat. 12 mm.

Allied to the preceding species, but easily distinguished by the
absence of ridges in the elytra, the discoidal part of which is some-
what uneven yet not quite rugose, and there is a broad lateral band
of granulose tubercles reaching from near the base to the apex, of
nearly equal width throughout ; in the declivity there is also a
faint trace of a granulose line and also a few scattered granules.

Transvaal (Leydenburg). In the Pretoria Museum.

MlCRANTEREUS AMBIGUUS.

Niger, sub-opacus; caput prothoraxque tenuiter punctulati, punctis
squamis minutissimis griseis repletis ; prothorax longitudine fere
duplo latior, ad medium rotundato ampliatus, basi apiceque emar-
ginatus, angulis anticis sub-acutis, posticis rotundatis, totus mar-
ginatus, supra sub-convexus, in medio tenuissime canaliculatus ;
elytra antice prothorace nonnihil angustiora, pone humeros per-
parum ampliata, in medio prothorace quarto latiora, versus apicem
modice aculeata, thorace fere quadruple longiora, supra convexa,
postice longe dehiscentia, magine lateral! acuta, apice deplanata,
lateribus fere verticalibus, nitidis, in dorso costa discoidali pone
medium acuta, ante apicem abbreviata, ad basim obliterata carinaque
lateral! granulata, apicem attingente, prseterea rudimentum costae
interstitialis in singulo praedita ; parte antica disci sub-levigata, spatio
inter costas verrucis, ad lateralem validioribus, sat dense obsito ;
pedes subtus ut in speciebus prascedentibus. Long. 18 mm ; lat.
9 mm. $ .

Soiith African- Coleopterous Fauna. 307

Shaped somewhat like M. validus, but the prothorax is a little more
ampliated laterally ; the elytra are a little more narrowed laterally
near the base, the lateral costa is formed by a series of tubercles, the
discoidal one is also less carinate and more granulose, and the inter-
mediate one is hardly defined, with the exception of a smooth space
in the anterior median part of the disk ; the surface is covered with
more or less triangular warts not very thick set, but denser along the
outer ridge.

Hab. Zambesia (Buluwayo). F. C. Selous.

MlCRANTEREUS PROPINQUUS.

Niger, supra fere glaber $ , ? elytris pube squamosa fulva obtectis ;
capitt crebre punctatum ; $ pro thorax vix squamosus, nonnihil
rotundato ampliatus, longitudine quarto latior, apice basi haud angus-
tior, angulis anticis acutis, sub-prominulis, posticis rotundatis, totus
marginatus, parum convexus ; scutellum fere obliteratum ; elytra pro-
thorace basi haud angustiora, triplo longiora, ab humeros pone medium
sub-oblique ampliata, deinde versus apicem sub-acuminata, pone
medium prothorace tertio latiora, margine laterali acuta, apice
deplanata, supra sub-plana, postice abrupte dehiscentia, sat crebre
verrucosa, in dorso costis duabus e fcuberculis majoribus formatis
carinaque laterali verrucosa utroque prasdita ; pedes corpusque subtus
ut in M. ambiguo.

? , a mare differt, prothorace brevissime squamoso pubescente,
longitudineque duplo latiore, elytris latioribus, magis ovatis, perparum
convexioribus, tuberculis costarum disci magis irregularibus vali-
dioribusque, sed ad basim obliteratis. Long. 17-19 mm. ;
lat. 9-11 mm.

Hab. Zambesia (Buluwayo). F. C. Selous.

The female is less convex than the other South African species,
and, although more broadly ovate, has a facies somewhat similar
to that of the $ .

Allied to M. ooampoanus,Per. (Trans. Entom. Soc., 1896, p. 175),
but in the $ the two dorsal lines of tubercles are very much better
defined, and the ? is not quite so convex nor so abruptly dehiscent
behind.

MlCRANTEREUS PARVULUS.

Niger, sub-opacus, pube squamosa sub-ochracea sat dense
obtectus, antennis, palpis pedibusque rufo-brunneis ; caput crebre
puuctatuni ; prothorax longitudine haud latior, antice lateraliter

21

308 Annals of the South African Museum.

nonnihil attenuatus, deinde fere parallelus, sed ad basim leviter
sinuatus, basi apice latior, sinuatus, angulis posticis acutis, promi-
nulis, supra antice deflexus, a medio ad basim deplanatus, con-
fertim strigillatus ; elytra antice prothoracis baseos nonnihil latiora,
ovata, versus apicem acuininata, prothorace duplo longiora, in medio
vix quarto latiora, supra deplanata, postice longe dehiscentia, carinis
quatuor, secunda breviore, utrinque praedita ; sutura elevata, inter -
stitiis verrucis nonnullis indistinctis obsitis ; subtus brevissime
pubescens ; pedes rugosuli, pubescentes, $ tibiis intermediis vix
sinuatis. Long. 8 mm. ; lat. 4 mm.

The facies of this and the following species, and also of M.
(Solenomerus) agilis, Per., is somewhat different from that of the
other South African species owing to their much smaller size and
more trapezoidal prothorax.

Hab. Transvaal.

MlCKANTEREUS LITIGIOSUS.

Niger, sub-opacus, squanais cincreis, sat dense obtectus : caput
prothoraxque crebre punctati, punctis squamis repletis ; hie lati-
tudine longitudine aequali, antice diagonaliter attenuatus, a medio
basi leviter emarginatus, basi apice fere duplo latior, lateribus acute
marginatis, angulis anticis posticisque rectis, acutis, supra in medio
leviter gibbosus, antice posticeque deflexus, intra marginem utrimque
sat profunde impressus ; elytra ovata, apice acuminata, basi prothorace
vix latiora, duplo longiora, medio quarto latiora, supra modice con-
vexa, postice longe dehiscentia, costis quatuor distinctis, sub-acutis,
verrucosis sed distinctis in singulo praedita, interstitiis tuberculis
nonnullis distantibus obsitis, sutura elevata, verrucosa, rnargine
laterali a basi pone medium verrucosa, deinde carinata ; corpus
subtus squamosum ; pedes validi, squamosi, tibiis anticis inferne
vix sinuatis. Long. 9 mm. ; lat. 5 mm.

Allied to M. (Solenomerus) agilis, P6r., but the prothorax is more
trapezoidal, and the costae on the elytra are better denned, and
more carinate.

Hab. Bechuanaland (Ramoutsa). Miss M. Good.

TRIBE MEKACANTHINL

VUTSIMUS, nov. gen.

Palpi maxillares securiformes ; labrum transversum ; oculi auguste
reniformes, supra distincti ; antennae prothoracis basim attingentes,

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 309

articulis tribus vel quatuor penultimis conicis, aequalibus, ultimo
praecedenti latior et dimidio longior, caeteris gracilibus ; prothorax
sub-parallelus vel antice nonnihil attenuatus, basi apiceque haud
sinuatus ; scutellum breve, triangulare ; elytra antice prothorace
haud latiora, ad medium magis minusve ampliata, sub-convexa, apice
dehiscentia, lateraliter marginata ; epipleura levia, angusta, apice
latiuscula ; pedes longi, graciles, tarsis subtus dense longeque ciliatis,
femoribus anticis ante apicem dente valida infra armatis ; prosternurn
processu longo, acuto, niesosternum antice triangulariter incisum.

Differs from Psorodes not only in general facies but also in the
shape of the antennae, which are shorter, and the five ultimate joints
of which are thickened instead of being of equal width, and nearly
filiform ; in Psorodes the mesosternum is not incised.

Synopsis of Species.

B. FEMORA POSTICA ELYTRIS LOXGIORA.*
a\ Elytra postice valde deplaiiata.

Prothorax parallelus ; elytra ad latera scrobiculata, prope
suturam laxe punctate seriata pratorius.

Prothorax antice attenuatus ; elytra regulariter punctate
seriata litigiosiis.

A. FEMORA POSTICA APICEM ELYTRORUM HAUD ATTIXGENTES.
a-. Elytra postice minus deplaiiata.

Prothorax antice attenuatus.

Elytra regulariter punctate seriata; interstitiis punctulatis;

chnjsomcUi:

Interstitiis rude punctatis, sub-convexis natalensis.

Elytra prope suturarn minus, ad latera valde scrobiculata,
interstitiis indistinctis transvaalensis.

a 1 . Elytra parurn convexa, apice longe dehisceutia.

Elytris coriaceis coriaceipcnnix.

VUTSIMUS PK^TORIUS,

Plate VII., fig. 12.

Caput nigrurn, sub-aeneum, prothorax pedesque rufi, antennae longas,
rufae, articulis quatuor ultimis nigris ; elytra viridi aenea, corpus subtus

* It is quite possible that this character is peculiar to the <f .

310 Annals of the South African Museum,

nigrum ; caput crebre rudeque punctatum, inter antennas sub-arcuatim
impressum ; prothorax fere parallelus, antice pavum emarginatus
angulis anticis modice acutis, prominulis, basi hand sinuatus, mar-
gine lateral! acute marginata, supra sub-deplanatus, sat crebre
punctatus, lateribus rugose punctatis, utroque fovea elongata supra
marginal!, basim attingente, pube albescente repleta; scutellum sub-
leve ; elytra antice latitudine baseos prothoracis, pone humeros
paullum ampliata, pone medium prothorace tertio latiora, supra
parum convexa, apice longe dehiscentia, parte apicali deplanata,
longe producta, sub-quadrata, dorso prseter suturam, striis ter vel
quatuor profunde punctatis, magis distinctis, caeteris cum rugis
interstitiorum admixtis, lateribus sub-verrucosis, margins lateral!
acuta ; subtus breviter pubescens, lateribus pectoris fascia lateral!
albido tomentosa ; pedes long!, breviter pubescentes, tarsis subtus
longe flavo pilosis. Long. 15 mm. ; lat. 7 mm.

This species might be taken at first sight for a Byzacnua.

Hah. Transvaal (? Lydenburg) . The type is in the Pretoria State
Museum.

VUTSIMUS LITIGIOSUS.

Obscure seneus, anntennis, pedibus elytrisque brunneo-rufes-
centibus, sub-nitidis ; caput crebre punctatum, linea profunda leviter
arcuata, latera baud attingente, antice impressum ; prothorax longi-
tudine tertio latior, a medio ad apicem attenuatus, pone medium
nonnihil rotundato ampliatus, ad basim leviter emarginatus, supra
parum convexus, crebre punctatus, totus rnarginatus, angulis anticis
posticisque acutis, illis prominulis ; scutellum punctulatum ; elytra
antice latitudine baseos prothoracis, pone humeros paullum am-
pliata, medio prothorace nonnihil latiora, versus apicem modice
aculeata, supra ad medium convexa, pone medium longe deflexa
deplanataque, margine lateral! acuta, postice reflexa, striis late
profundeque punctatis praedita, interstitiis punctulatis, ad latera
rugosis ; epipleura laxe punctulato rugosa ; subtus strigillatus ; pedes
elongati, crebre punctati, laxe pubescentes, tarsi longe denseque
fulvo ciliati. Long. 12 mm. ; lat. 7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (?Transkeian Districts).

VUTSIMUS NATALENSIS.

^Eneus, elytris micantibus, antennis pedibusque rufescentibus ;
caput prothoraxque ut in V. litigioso : elytris antice latitudine baseos
prothoracis, ad medium ampliatis, prothorace tertio latiora, versus

African Coleopterous Fauna. 311

apicem modice acuminata, supra convexa, postice dehiscentia sed
haut deplanata, margine lateral! acuta, apice nonnihil deplauata,
punctis latis profundisque seriatis prsedita, interstitiis rude punctu-
latis, sub-convexis ; subtus nigro oeneus, strigillatus ; pedes ut in
V. litigioso. Long. 12-13 mm. ; lat. 9 mm.
Hab. Natal (Maritzburg), Zululand (Eshowe). A. Windham.

VUTSIMUS CHRYSOMELIDES.

Supra seneus, elytris micantibus, corpus subtus aeneo nigrum,
antennis, palpis pedibusque rufescentibus ; caput prothoraxque ut
in T~. natalcnsc ; elytris antice latitudine baseos prothoracis, ad
medium paullum ampliatis, pone medium prothorace tertio latiora,
supra convexa, postice sub-declivia, baud deplanata, margine lateral!
acuta, apice hand deplanata, punctis latis seriatis prsedita, inter-
stitiis magis minusve punctulatis, ad latera nonnihil rugulosis,
interstitiis planis ; pedes subtusque ut in V. natalcnsc. Long.
12-13 mm. ; lat. 8^-9 mm.

Hab. Natal (D'Urban), Col. J. H. Bowker; Transvaal (? Leyden-
burg).

A V. natalcnsc prsecipue dift'ert interstitiis elytrorum planis.

VUTSIMUS TKANSVAALENSIS.

Capite prothoraceque obscure teneis, elytris teneis, nitidis, ad
latera rufescentibus, pedibus rufo piceis ; subtus nigro seneo ;
caput prothoraceque ut in speciebus prsecedentibus ; elytra antice
latitudine baseos prothoracis, ad medium rotundato ampliata, vix
pone medium tertio latiora, versus apicem sub-acuminata, supra
modice convexa, postice dehiscentia atque nonnihil depressa, mar-
gine lateral! acuta versus apicem deplanata, in dorso prope suturam
vage seriate punctata, deinde ad marginem lateralem rugosa vel
scrobiculata, interstitiis indistinctis ; epipleura, corpus subtus
pedesque ut in speciebus prascedentibus. Long. 13 mm.; lat. 9 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg). The type is in the Pretoria
State Museum.

YuTSlilUS CORIACEII'ENNIS,

Plate VII., tig. 4.

Supra aeneus, elytris paullum nitidioribus, subtus obscure seneus,
pedibus antennis palpisque rufescentibus; caput crebre punetulatum ;

312 Annals of the South African Museum.

prothorax longditndine fere dimidio latior, antice a medio sub-dia-
gonaliter attenuatus, pone medium leviter sinuatus, parum convexus,
crebre punctatus, in medio linea media depressa longitudinal! basi
apiceque evanescente ; scutellum punctatum ; elytra basi prothorace
perparum latiora et triplo longiora, ovato-ampliata, medio prothorace
tertio latiora, versus apicem acuminata, a basi ultra medium parum
convexa, deinde longe deflexa, margins laterali acuta, apice deplanata,
vage prope suturam striis linearibus quatuor prtedita, superficie tota
coriacea, ad latera granose rugosa ; epipleura sub-levia ; pedes
sub-validi, modice elongati, rugoso-punctati, vix pubescentes ;
corpus subtus punctulatum, abdomine strigillato. Long. 16 mm. ;
lat. 10 mm.

It is at once distinguishable from the other species by the more
elongate shape of the elytra, and the less abrupt incline of the
posterior part.

Hab. Natal (D 1 Urban).

UMSLATUS, nov. gen.

Mentum trapeziforme, palpi maxillares sub-validi, articulo ultimo
securifornii ; labrum longitudine duplo latior, apice haud emar-
ginatum ; oculi elongati, sub-reniformes, antice profunde emarginati ;
caput latitudine longius ; antennas graciles, longae, fere medium
elytrorum attingentes, articulis elongatis, quatuor ultimis praecedentis
vix brevioribus; prothorax rotundatus ; scutellum latum, triangulare;
elytra ovata, apice acuminata, margine laterali acuta ; epipleura
angustissima ; pedes graciles, longi, femoribus posticis abdomine
tertio longioribus, anticis ante apicem subtus dente valido armatis ;
prosternum breve, processu triangulari apice emarginato coxas
haud excedente, mesosternum haud incisum.

The antennae are as slender as in some species of the gen.
Acanthomera, and the joints are similar, but the prosternal process
does not project at all between the coxae, the basal joints of the
anterior tarsi are not dilated, and the hind legs, especially the
femora, are much longer than the abdomen.

UMSLATUS AGILIS.

Nigro brunneus, pube flavo grisea, densa, totus vestitus, antennis
pedibusque, femoribus apice exceptis, sub-rufescentibus ; caput
elongatum, antice paullum attenuatum, ante antennas transversim
impressum ; oculi clistincti, superne ampliati ; antennae graciles

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 313

longae ; prothorax globosus, longitucline latitudine adaequans, totus
acute marginatus, tuberculis minirnis sat crebre obsitus ; scutellum
acutum, parvum ; elytra antice latitudine baseos prothoracis, ovato
ampliata, apice acuminata, medio prothorace tertio latiora, convexa,
apice dehiscentia, margins lateral! acuta postice baud deplanata,
praater suturam elevatam, tuberculis validis acutis series quatuor
forrnantibus utrimque praedita, spatio supra marginal! antice punctate
seriato, a medio postice indistincte tuberculato ; corpus subtus
punctulatum. Long. 10 mm. ; lat. 5 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Graham's Town), Albany Museum.

GEN. ACANTHOMEEA, Latr.

ACANTHOMEBA NAMAQUA.

Nigra, fere opaca, pilis erectis flavescentibus vestita ; palpis
antennisque apice sub-ferrugineis, longe pubescentibus, articulis
quatuor ultimis f ere glabris; caput valde rugosum, longe pilosum ;
prothorax longitudine nonnihil latior, regulariter rotundato ampli-
atus, apice emarginatus, angulis anticis haud prominulis, basi
nonnihil latior, supra in disco deplanatus, verrucis nitidis dense
obsitus, interstitiis longe flavo pilosis; scutellum parvum, haud
acuniinatum ; elytra prothorace contigua, antice prothoracis basi
vix latiora, oblongo-ovalia, in ? pone medium leviter ampliata, ibi
prothorace quarto latiora, versus apicem modice attenuata, margine
lateral! acuta, ad apicem haud deplanata, tenuiter reflexa, supra
paruni convexa, anguste striata, striis granulatis, interstitiis verrucis
in disco bi-fariam seriatis, seriebusque pilis longis erectis ; epipleura
profunde punctata ; pedes subtusque sat longe pilosi, abdomine sat
crebre punctato. Long. 15-18 mm. ; lat. 8-9 mm.

Allied to A. gratilla, Herbst, but the erect pubescence is much
longer, and the intervals on the central part of the elytra have two
distinct series of warts instead of one ; the warts are smaller and
more closely set on the disk and on the sides.

Hab. Cape Colony (O'Kiep). L. Peringuey.

ACANTHOMERA ASPERIPENNIS.

Nigra, opaca, glabra ; caput antice rude punctatum, vertice granu-
latum ; antennas longae, graciles, glabras ; prothorax longitudine
nonnihil latior, apice paullum attenuatus, basi sinuatus, apice
perparum latior, angulis posticis vectis, anticis haud prominulis,

314 Annals of the South African Museum.

in medio deplanatus, antice sub-deflexus, lateral! ter modice convexus,
in medio disci breviter canaliculatus, granulis elongatis crebre
obsitus ; scutellura acutum leve ; elytra basi prothorace nonnihil
latiora, humeris sub-oblique rotundatis, lateribus baud sensim
ampliatis, postice conjunctim attenuata, in dorso sub-depressa, acute
marginata, anguste striata, striis granulosis, interstitiis granulis
validioribus seriatis instructa; epipleura levia; corpus subtus punctu-
latum, vage pilosum ; pedes rugosi, brevissime pubescentes. Long.
11-14 mm. ; lat. 6-74- mm.

Differs from the preceding species in the absence of pubescence ;
the prothorax is not quite so ampliated laterally, and is more
attenuate in front.

Hab. Cape Colony (O'Kiep, Namaqualand). L. Peringuey.

ACANTHOMERA HOTTENTOTA.

Ni.ura, sub-nitida, supra glabra sed capite antice flavo tomentoso ;
antennae elongatte, brevissime pubescentes ; caput crebre punctu-
latum ; prothorax 3 latitudine nonnihil longior, $ longitudine
latitudine aequalis, lateribus modice rotundatis, antice leviter attenu-
atus, marginatus, modice convexus, antice parum drtiVxus, medio
obsolete breviter canaliculatus, granulis nitidis dispersis obsitus ;
elytra $ , elongato-ovata, apice acuta, ? basi ampliata, medio pro-
thorace duplo latiora, apice modice acuminata nonnunquam sutura
a basi pone medium distincte depressa, profunde punctato-striata,
seriebus decem e tuberculis validis acutis, retrospinosis, utrimque
praedita; epipleura angusta, baud punctulata; corpus subtus punctu-
latum, breviter laxeque pilosulum ; pedes rugosi brevissime pubes-
centes. Long. 11-19 mm. ; lat. 6-8 rnm.

This species is at once distinguishable by the few scattered
granules on the prothorax, and also the shape of the retrospinose
tubercles on the elytra.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand, O'Kiep, Klipfontein).
L. Peringuey.

ACANTHOMERA CONSOCIA.

Nigra, fere opaca, glabra ; antennas longaa, vix pubescentes ; caput
vertice granulatum, apicu punctulatum ; prothorax longitudine tertio
latior, a medio apice leviter attenuatus, postice sub-rotundatus, totus
marginatus, supra antice nonnihil convexus, postice fore deplanatus,
medio obsolete longitudinaliter breviterquc canaliculatus, granulis
sub-nitidis rninimis crebre obsitus, interstitiis strigillatis, basi

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 315

baud sinuata, angulis posticis rectis, anticis baud prominulis ; scu-
tellum leve ; elytra prothorace basi nonnihil, pone medium tertio
latiora, sub-oblonga, modice convexa, striata, striis granoso-
punctatis, interstitiis granulis confertim seriatis instructis ; corpus
subtus glabrum, nitidum ; pedes rugosi, brevissime pubescentes.
Long. 11-15 mm.; lat. 6-8i mm.

Allied to A. alternans, Wied., in general appearance, but the
prothorax is shorter, the granules are more numerous and more
closely set, and the strigillate folds are better denned ; the sculpture
of the elytra is very different.

Hob. Cape Colony (Namaqualaud, O'Kiep). L. Peringuey.

GEN. HOPLONYX, Thorns.

HOPLONYX ASPER.

Niger, opacus, supra glaber ; antennae longae, graciles, breviter
pubescentes, articulis sex ultimis flavescentibus ; caput crebre
rudeque punctatum ; prothorax longitudine fere quarto latior,
nonnihil rotundato ampliatus, antice perparum attenuatus, basi
apice paullum latior, totus marginatus, vix convexus, granulis con-
fertis dense obsitus ; scutellum longum, acute triangulum ; elytra
basi prothorace fere duplo latiora, parallela, versus apicem attenuata,
supra parum convexa, anguste striata, striis distincte granosis, inter-
stitiis tuberculis parvis acutis confertim seriatis instructis ; corpus
subtus laxe punctulatum pilosulumque ; pedes rugosi, brevissime
pubescentes. Long. 13-13| mm. ; lat. 6 mm.

Easily distinguished by the granulose prothorax, and the series of
small tubercles on the elytra ; no other South African species has a
similar sculpture.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand, Klipfontein). L. Peringuey.

GEN. ACASTUS, Per.,
Trans. Entom. Soc., 1-S96, p. 177.

ACASTUS PARVUL.US,
Plate VII., tig. 9.

Brunneo ferrugineus, antennis pedibusque dilutioribus, pube liaves-
cente brevi supra dense tectus ; prothorax antice atteiiuatus, a tertia
parte parallelus, apice truncatus, basi valde bisinuatus, angulis
anticis acutissimis, lateribus acute marginatis, supra depressus,

316 Annals of the South African Museum.

antice nonnihil deflexus ; intra basim in medio late impressus, crebre
punctulatus ; scutellum elongatum, apice rotundatum ; elytra pro-
thorace basi fere quarto latiora, oblonga, apice conjunctim rotundata,
convexa, fere sub-cylindrica, acute carinata, interstitiis profunde
seriato-punctatis ; pedes sat longi, levissime punctulati, femoribus
anticis dente validissima triangula armatis, tibiis ejusdem paris
basi valde emarginatis. Long. 4-| mm. ; lat. It mm.

Very much smaller than A. segnis, Per. (loc. cit., p. 178) ; the
prothorax is differently sculptured, the elytra, however, have similar
costas and punctured intervals.

Hob. Natal (Malvern). C. N. Barker.

GEN. ASTHENOCHIEUS, Pairm.

ASTHENOCHIEUS FOVEOLATUS.

Niger, sub-opacus, elytris nitidioribus, antennis rufescentibus ;
caput perparum scrobiculatum, breviter griseo pubescens, devexum,
antice baud transversim impressum ; prothorax brevis, longitudine
quarto latior, antice nonnihil attenuatus, apice sinuatus, angulis
anticis .prominulis, basi, apice quarto latior, angulis posticis acutis,
supra parum convexus, crebervime punctatus interstitiis levibus,
intra marginem basalem laxe pubescens, pube ad laterum densiore ;
scutellum parvum, punctatum ; elytra basi prothorace quarto latiora,
humeris prominentibus, ab humeros longe pone medium sub-parallela,
a tertia parte postica attenuata, supra pone basim gibbosa, a tertia
parte antica pone medium dehiscentia, deinde apice magis declivia,
rnargine laterali actua apice haud deplanata, distincte fossulato
seriata, serie juxta suturali sat late punctata ; pedes elongati,
rugosuli, breviter griseo pubescentes, femoribus anticis robustioribus,
infra sub-canaliculatis, spina distincta armatis ; corpus subtus pube
sericea flavescente sat dense vestituni, pectore abdomineque punctu-
latis, lateribus strigillatis. Long. 10 mm. ; lat. 6 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Lourengo-Marquez). Mrs. E. Monteiro.

TEIBE AMAEYGMINI.
GHALECA, nov. gen.

Palpi maxillares validi, articulo ultimo triangulo, securiformi ;
labrum latum, breve ; caput in thorace sat profunde insertum ;

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 317

ante oculos, fere ad apicem epistornas, oblique carinatmn ; oculi
magni, valde eraarginati, superne ampliati, sub-approximati ; pro-
thorax longitudine fere tertio latior, sub-deplanatus, angulis anticis
valde productis, antice nonnihil attenuatus ; scutellum parvum, acute
triangulum, elytra thorace contigua, antice gibbosa, longe ultra
medium parallela, apice acuminata, punctato striata ; prosternum
processu intercoxali horizontal!, antice sub-acuto, mesosternurn antice
rotundatirn excisurn, rnetasternum in medio concavum ; pedes sub-
validi, breves, femoribus anticis robustioribus, leviter canaliculatis,
interne in medio acute dentatis ; antennas modice elongatae, ultra
basim attingentes, articulis quatuor penultimis sub-cylindricis,
prgecedentibus baud longioribus sed fere duplo crassioribus, articulo
ultimo precedent! tertio longior, externe a medio apice leviter
rotundato ; tarsi dense longeque fulvo pilosi.

GHALECA
Plate VII., fig. 10.

.ZEneo micans, capite, prothorace, elytris basi atque apice,
epipleuris corporeque subtus distincte flavo pubescentibus ; caput
crebre punctatum, antice inter carinas laterales sat profunde trans-
versim impressum ; antennas rufo-piceaa ; prothorax planus, longi-
tudine latitudine tertio latior, apice ernarginatus, angulis anticis
acutis, valde prominulis, basi sub-sinuatus, angulis posticis acutis,
lateraliter a medio apice attenuatus, apice basi fere tertio angustior,
crebre profundeque punctatus, pube decunibente flavescente dense
vestitus, marginibus laterum apicisque acutis ; scutellum parvum,
triangulum, acutum, marginatum, parum punctatum ; elytra antice
prothoracis basi quarto latiora, humeris sub-obliquis, valde prominulis,
pone hurneros sub-sinuata, deinde longe ultra medium parallela, ad
tertiarn partem posticam acuminata, supra a basi pone medium
gibbosa, postice deflexa, sub-deplanata, margine laterali acuta, apice
baud deplanata, profunde punctato striata, interstitiis planis, punctis
minoribus obsitis, basi apiceque laxe flavo villosa ; epipleura
rugulosa, longe pubescentia ; pectus crebre, abdomen tenuiter
punctulata, ad latera densius tomentosa. Long. 17 mm. ; lat.
9 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port St. John). Miss Hollway.

318 Annals of the South African Museum.

FAMILY CANTHARIDJE.

GEN. LYTTA, Fab.
LYTTA MERA.

Glabra, caput, prothorax, scutellum, corpus subtus pedesque
virido asnei, sub-nitidi, antennae, tarsi palpique nigri, elytra flava,
linea augusta suturali vittaque discoidali obscure coerulea utrinque
ornata ; caput rugosum, vertice obscurius teneo, labro nigro ; pro-
thorax vix latior quam longior, ante medium rotundato ampliatus, in
medio impressione cruciformi notatus ; elytra prothorace duplo
latiora, quadruplo longiora, humeris prominulis nonnihil elevatis, sat
subtiliter coriacea ; subtus brevissime pubescens ; pedes punctulati.
Long. 8^ mm. ; lat. 3 mm.

/In />. Cape Colony (Clanwilliam). C. L. Leipoldt.

LYTTA MASH UNA.

Kusco nigra, dense flavescente pubescens, unguibus flavis ;
antennae nigrae, articulis crassiusculis ; caput crebre punctatum,
impressione sub-apicali notatum, labro maxillisque valde elongatis ;
prothorax angustus, latitudine fere duplo longior, antice attenuatus,
crebre punctatus, in medio disci distincte longitudinaliter impressus ;
scutellum fuscum ; elytra basi prothorace tertio latiora et fere triplo
longiora, sub-parallela, vix rotundata, subtiliter coriacea, pube flaves-
cente dense vestita, flava, plaga infuscata, transversa, sub-basali,
ultra medium extensa alteraque angustiore, supra apicali ornata ;
subtus fuscus ; pedes tarsique fusci, dense pubescentes. Long. 9 mm. ;
lat. 2-Jr mm.

Hal>. Zambesia (Enkeldoorn). J. ft'olliot Darling.

LYTTA ENONA.

Nigra, dense griseo pubescens, antennis nigris ; caput antice fere
scrobiculatum, vertice rugosulum, supra oculos macula flava utrinque
notatum ; prothorax latitudine dimidio longior, ab apice ante medium
valde attenuatus, deinde basi fere rectus, supra sub-deplamitus,
lateraliter rotundatus, a medio intra basim distincte canaliculatus ;
elytra prothorace tertio latiora, sub-parallela, modice convexa, coriacea,
dense flavescente pubescentia, sutura vittis discoidalibus angustis

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 319

duabus margins lateral! flavis in singulo ornatis. Long. 15 mm.
kit. 5 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Eev. J. A. O'Neil.

LYTTA OVAMPOA.

Elongata, nigra, capite rufo, fronte macula nigra lata, elytris
saturate brunneis ; caput crebre punctatum, latitudine vix longius,
pube griseo-cinerea longa tectum ; antennas nigrae, articulis tribus
basalibus rufescentibus ; prothorax longitudine latitudine adsequans,
apicem versus attenuatus, basi in medio nonnihil emarginatus, sub-
coriaceus, medio longitudinaliter canaliculatus, sat pubescens, linea
longitudinal! media e pilis densioribus formata, ornatus ; scutellum
griseo-pubescens ; elytra basi prothorace tertio latiora, retrorsum
baud dilatata, apice singulatim rotundata, linea dorsali utrinque
nulla, tenuissime coriacea, brevissime brunneo pubescentia, mar-
ginibus suturaque angustissime griseo limbatis ; subtus dense griseo
pubescens. Long. 15 mm. ; lat. 4 mm.

Tbe nearest ally to this species is L. lorigera, Gerst., the shape,
size, and colour are nearly alike, but in L. lorigera the head is black
and the antennae totally reddish brown, and the elytra have a discoidal
pubescent greyish band, which is entirely wanting in L. ovampoa.

Hab. Ovampoland. A. W. Eriksson.

GEN. ZONITIS, Fab.

ZONITIS TBANSGRESSOR.

Flavo testacea, nitida, palpis, antennis, articulis basalibus duobus
exceptis, meso et metasterno, femoribus tibiisque apice, atque tarsis
totis nigris ; caput parallelurn, latitudine nonnihil longius, postice
ad medium sinuatum, angulis posticis rectis, prominulis, crebe pro-
fundeque punctatum ; antennae medium corporis attingentes, com-
pressae, articulis latis, distincte infra angulatis ; prothorax apice
basique truncatus, cono similis, basi apice tertio latior, crebre punctu-
latus, brevissime pubescens, in medio impressione elongata longi-
tudinali longe a basi atque ab apice disjuncta notatus ; scutellum
crebre punctulatum, apice rotundatum ; elytra oblonga, antice pro-
thoracis basi duplo latiora, triplo longiora, pone hurneros nonnihil
sinuata, pone medium baud sensim ampliata, apice conjunctim
rotundata, supra modice convexa, crebre et profunde, postice obso
letius, punctata, costulis tribus distinctis, a basi apice ductis, in

320 Annals of the South African Museum.

singulo prseditis ; corpus subtus tenuiter griseo-pubescens ; pedes
longiusculi, tenuiter punctulati. Long. 14 mm. ; lat. 5^ mm.

Hab. Zambesia (Buluwayo). F. C. Selous.

Allied to Z. scllata, Fahr. ; the elytra have no trace of a transverse
black band, and the antennae are shorter, and the joints wider.

ZONITIS SUAVEOLA.

Flava, elytris roseis vel sub-miniatis ; caput profunde, sat crebre
punctatum, tenuissime pubescens, epistoma longitudine labri ; oculi
magni, profunde emarginati, antennas fere longitudine corporis, nigro
fuscae, articulo basali flavescente ; prothorax pallide flavus, latitudine
vix longior, antice distincte attenuatus, sat late crebreque punctatus,
brevissime pubescens ; scutellum flavum ; elytra fere cylindrica,
prothorace dimidio latiora, pube brevissima obsita sat subtiliter
coriacea, linea discoidali utrinque vix distinguenda ; subtus flava,
distincte pubescens ; pedes nigro fusci, femoribus flavis. Long.
12 mm. ; lat. 3 mm.

Allied to Z. -pulclit'lla, Pr., but differs in colour ; the elytra are
a little more distinctly shagreened, and there is only a faint trace of
a longitudinal line instead of two.

Hab. Zambesia (Mazoe). J. ffolliot Darling.

ZONITIS SAGA.

Flavo-testacea, elytris pallidioribus, fere stramineis ; caput crebre,
antice profundius punctulatum, apice in triangulum acutum im-
pressum, epistoma longitudine labri aequale ; oculi rnagni, antice sat
profunde emarginati, palpis apiceque mandibularum infuscatis ;
antennae longitudine corporis breviores, articulis nigro-fuscis, basali
stramineo ; prothorax, latitudine vix longior, antice distincte attenu-
atus, brevissime pubescens, crebre punctatus ; scutellum stramineum,
punctulatum ; elytra prothorace duplo latiora, linearia, pube brevis-
sima obsita, subtiliter coriacea, lineis tribus distinctis in singulo
praedita ; corpus subtus testaceum crebre minuteque punctulatum,
pubescens ; pedes etiam punctulati, sat longe pubescentes, femoribus
testaceis, genubus, tibiis tarsisque nigro-fuscis. Long. 14 mm. ; lat.
4 mm.

Allied to Z. eborina, Fahr.

Hab. Caps Colony (Hex River). L. Peringuey.

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 321

FAMILY CERAMBYCID^E.
SUB-FAMILY CEEAMBYCIN^E.

GEN. PHYLLOCNEMA, Thorns.

PHYLLOCNEMA GLOEIOSA.

Plate VII. , fig. 1.

Nigra, antennis, articulis ultimis duobus vel tribus exceptis,
pedibus anticis intermediisque rufis, posticis nigris, femoribus basi
rufescentibus ; caput antice rugosum, vertice profunde punctatum
antennas articulis quatuor ultirm's nonnihil ampliatis leviter serratis,
articulis duobus vel tribus ultimis fuscis ; prothorax ad medium
laterum aculeatus, intra basim transversim impressus, vix convexus,
crebre alveolatus ; elytra caeruleo-violaceis, prothorace triplo longiora
et basi ejusdem fere tertio latiora, humeris callo elevatis, in dorso
deplanata, rude coriacea, linea dorsali utroque vix distincta ; subtus
nigra, prosterno valde rugoso, pectore abdomineque sat crebre
punctulatis, illo lateribus pube albo-sericea vestitis, tibiis posticis
apicem versus foliaceo-dilatatis. Long. 21 rnm. ; lat. 6 mm.

In comparison with P. mirifica, Pasc., its nearest ally, the dis-
tinctive characters are : (1) a wider prothorax, nearly hexagonal and
with a different sculpture ; (2) antennas with the joints more serrate
and the three apical joints more dilated these three joints are
mfuscate ; (3) foliation of the posterior tibiae about one-half the size of
that of P. mirifica (pi. vi., fig. IA) ; the colour is also different, the
under part, as well as the head and prothorax, being black instead of
caeruleous green, the elytra are also brighter purple-blue.

Hab. Zambesia (Victoria Falls). Dr. Bradshaw.

Phyllocnema (Callichroma) holubi, Dohrn., and P. pretiosa, Paring.,
are evidently the same insect as P. mirifica, Pasc.

PHYLLOCNBMIDA, nov. gen.

A gen. Phyllocnema discrepat tibiis aiiticis intermediisque latioribus,
magis incurvis, infra carinatis, femoribus posticis multo brevioribus,
longe clavatis tibiisque posticis incurvatis, compressis, ad apicem
sat ampliatis, sed haud foliaceo-dilatatis.

322 Annals of the South African Museum.

PHYLLOCNEMIDA MANICANA.

Supra caeruleo nigra, lateribus corpusque subtus cyaneo viridibus ;
caput fronte valde rugosum, vertice scrobiculatum, in medio a basi
colli usque ad apicem canaliculatum, tuberculis antennariis validis,
articulo basali clavato, apice externe rotundato ; prothorax antice
transversim leviter impressus, pone medium laterum spinosus, intra
basim distincte constrictus, juxta basim carinatus, carina transversa,
in medio interrupta, supra crebre scrobiculatus ; elytra valde coriacea,
prothorace triple longiora et basi ejusdem nonnihil latiora, humeris
prominulis, rotundatis, versus apicem paullum attenuata, dorso
depressa, lineis duabus longitudinalibus utroque vix observandis ;
pectus antice scrobiculatum, longe pubescens, postice profunde
punctatum ; pedes punctulati, abdomen minute aciculatum. Long.
29 mm. ; lat. 7 mm.

Hab. Zambesia (Manica). F. C. Selous.

GEN. HYPOCKITES, Fahr.
HYPOCRITES MATABELENUS.

Niger, elytris iiigro vel viridi-cyaneis, nonnuuquam apice violaceis ;
caput fortiter punctatum, antennis $ apicem baud attingentibus,
$ brevioribus, articulo basali profunde punctate, 3-5 infra sat
distincte aculeatis, articulis quatuor ultimis elongatis, 5 nonnihil
brevioribus ; prothorax longitudine latitudine fere sequali, ad apicem
minus, intra basim magis constrictus, lateribus ad medium nonnihil
rotundato ampliatis, late crebreque punctatus, lateribus vittis duabus
sericeis albis, superiore supra marginal!, utrinque ornatus ; elytra
basi prothoracis latitudine maxima nonnihil latiora, ab humeros apice
attenuata, ubi singulatirn rotundata basique dimidio angustiora, rude
profundeque at regulariter punctata, sutura margineque obscuri-
oribus ; corpus subtus punctulatum, nigrum, nitidum, pectore
lateribusque abdominis dense albo sericeis ; pedes elongati, nigri,
femoribus modice clavatis, quatuor anterioribus interdum rubris
Long. 15-18 mm. ; lat. 4-5 mm.

Hab. Zambesia (Buluwayo). F. C. Selous.

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 323

SUB-FAMILY LAMIINI.

? TRIBE PBOSOPOCEBINI.

DINOCEPHALUS, gen. nov.

Mandibulae validae, robustae, apice arcuatae ; caput latum, antice
quadratum, fronte vertical!, tuberculo antennario vix elevato, oculi
sat lati, fere divisi ; antennae corpore quarto longiores, scapo articulo
tertio nonnihil breviore, magis quam duplo crassiore, hoc sequent!
tertio longiore, 4-10 baud sensim decrescentibus, ultimo prsecedenti
vix duplo longiore ; prothorax cylindricus ; elytra prothorace vix
latiora, ad apicern paullum attenuata, apice conjunctim rotundata,
modice convexa ; coxae anticae modice approximate, processus pro-
sternalis nullus, mesosternalis antice baud dilatatus, modice rotun-
datus, basi distincte incisus ; pedes mediocres, femoribus leviter
clavatis, tarsis dilatatis, articulo primo sequenti vix longiore.

The shape of the jaws and that of the head approximate that of
Sternotomis and Zograplius, and the antennae are of the same shape
and shorter, but the absence of prosternal process militates against
the genus being placed in the Sternotomini or Tragoceplialini ; the
antennal tubercle is reduced to a mere border, dividing the eye very
nearly in two.

DlNOCEPHALUS ORNATUS,

Plate VII., figs. 2, 2A.

Nigra, pube cinerea subtilissime violacea obtectus, maculis flavidis,
nigro marginatis ornatus ; caput latissimum, antice verticale, quad-
ratum, pone oculos ad collum tuberculo parvo utroque munitum,
vertice anguste canaliculatum, antice linea elevata longitudinal!,
maculis septem frontalibus, vitta apicali sinuata in medio bi-incisa,
atque plaga in genis ornatum ; prothorax cylindricus, postice antice
nonnihil angustior, intra basim transversim impressus, constrictus,
vix punctulatus ; maculis quatuor in dorso plagaque lateral! utrinque
ornato ; scutellum triangulare, apice obtuse rotundatum ; elytra
profunde punctata, prothoracis parte antica haud latiora, basi leviter
sinuata, humeris sub-prominulis, ab humeros apice attenuata, ubi
conjunctim rotundata, maculis rotundatis 11 in singulo dispositis ;
corpus subtus tomento cinereo violaceo vestitum, pectore vitta
lateral! a thorace continuata, segmentisque abdominis singulo plaga
triangula atro-cincta ornato. Long. 16 mm. ; lat. 5f mm.

22

324 Annals of the South African Museum.

Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg) in the Pretoria Museum ; Mozam-
bique. (Louren9O-Marques). H. Junod.

GEN. CYMATUEA, Gerst.
CYMATURA MASHUNA.

Nigra pube brunneo fulva, nonnunquam flava, variegata dense
vestita ; caput macula frontali fulva notatum, tuberculis antennariis
validis, fulvo penicillatis, articulis basi apiceque pallidiore annulatis ;
prothorax lateribus medio spina valida armatis, tuberculis duobus
fasciculatis in rnedio disci praeditis margineque antica in medio
breviter fasciculata, lateribus basique flavo variegatis ; scutellum
fulvum ; elytra basi truncata, parallela, apice conspicue extrorsum
asciculata, profunde punctata, sat dense pube velutina fusca obtecta,
fasciculis bi-seriatis in singulo instructis, sutura ad apicem etiam
fasciculata, vittis duabus angustis, flavis, transversis, prima ante,
altera longe pone medium positis ornata ; subtus dense pubescens,
nigro fulvoque variegata. Long. 27-35 mm. ; lat. 8-10 mm.

Very closely allied to C. mucorea, Fairm. It might, perhaps,
prove to be only a variety of this species, from which it differs
mainly in the width of the two transverse, fulvous, sometimes almost
pale orange bands on the elytra, which bands are also very much
more narrow.

Hab. Zambesia (Enkeldoorn), J. ffolliot Darling. (Manica),
F. 'C. Selous. I have seen examples from the neighbourhood of
Bagamoyo.

GEN. ANOPLOSTETHA, Eeiche.

ANOPLOSTETHA MASHUNA,

Plate VII., fig. 5.

Nigra, pube cinnamonea dense obtecta ; caput antice plaga quad-
rata albida ; prothorax lateribus in medio acute spinosis antice
leviter, postice profundius transversim impressus, basi ipsa antice
magis depressa, in medio disci tuberculis tribus depressis in trian-
gulum positis munitus, vittis duabus angustis a medio basi extensis
cretaceis ornatus, inferne ab oculos late cretaceo vittatus ; elytra ad
humeros nonnihil dilatata, ubi distincte granulosa, pone humeros
parallela, apice conjunctim rotundata, plagis sub-triangularibus tribus,
postica angustiore, cretaceis in singulo ornata ; pectus abdomineque

South' African Coleopterous Fauna. 325

vitta lateral! lata cretacea, nonnunquam ad apicem segment! ab-
dominis primi extensa. Long. 31-36 mm. ; lat. 13^ mm.

Size and shape of A. lactatot", Fabric., but differs in colouring.
The whole body, including antennae and legs, is clothed with a rich
cinnamon pubescence ; and the white patches on the elytra, instead
of being divided by moderately broad bands crossing regularly on
the disk, are very much smaller, and divided by very broad intervals
of the ground colour.

Hab. Zambesia (Enkeldoorn). ,T. ffolliot Darling.

GEN. TBAGISCOCHEMA, Thorns.
TRAGISCOCHEMA L.ETULA.

Nigra, elytris sub-rufescentibus ; caput fronte pallide flavo
pubescente, vertice vittis tribus nigris, pubescentibus ornato ;
antennae nigrae ; prothorax sub-cylindricus, longitudine latitudine
sequali, pone medium lateraliter nonnihil ampliatus, obtuse angu-
latus, deinde basi valide constrictus, basi ipsa depressa, vittis quinque
nigris, media reliquis latiore ; elytra prothorace baud latiora, triple
longiora, parallela, apice conjunctim rotundata, rufescentes, pube
flava dense vestita, vittis duabus spatio angusto flavescente separatis,
apice ornatis ; subtus griseo pubescens, abdominis segmentibus ad
latera densius pubescentibus ; pedes nigri, pubescentes. Long.
12 mm. ; lat. 3|- mm.

Shape and size of T. apicalis, Per. ; the posterior black band is
divided in two.

Hab. Zambesia (Buluwayo). F. C. Selous.

FAMILY CHRYSOMELID^.
TRIBE EUMOLPINI.
GEN. EURYOPE, Dalrn.

EURYOPE LIGHTFOOTI.

Cseruleo-violacea, sub-nitida, antennis violaceis, articulis tribus
primis apice rufescentibus, caput plaga latissima, prothorax fere
totus, femoribus apice basique, rubris ; caput latum, inter oculos
leviter bi-impressum, vertice linea brevi basim baud attingente,

326 Annals of the South African Museum.

crebre punctulatum, vertice anguste violaceo marginatum ; mandi-
bulae nigrae, sub-validae ; prothorax longitudine duplo latior, apice ad
latera sinuatus, angulis anticis tuberculosis, prominulis, ante
medium lateraliter nonnihil ampliatus, prope basim sinuatus,
angulis posticis acutis, prominulis, crebre punctulatus, punctis in
disco sub-evanescentibus, totus carinatus, margine antica sub-
lata basique ipsa angustiore, violacea ; scutellum leve ; elytra
prothorace tertio latiora et duplo longiora, humeris valde elevatis,
impressione post humeral! fere nulla, pone humeros breviter sinuata,
apice conjunctirn rotundata, supra modice convexa, rugosula, punctis
irregularibus, baud profundis, ad latera antice magis distinctis sat
crebre obsita ; corpus subtus crebre punctulatum, breviter pubescens.
Long 8 mm. ; lat. 5 mm.

This species is easily recognised owing to its colour.

Hab. Cape Colony (Paarl, Malmesbury). E. M. Lightfoot.

GEN. COLASPOSOMA, Casteln.

COLASPOSOMA JUNODI.

Chalybeum, nitidum, plagis vittisque cupreo fulgidis ornatum ;
lubro, antennarum articulis quatuor basalibus palpisque articulo
ultimo excepto runs ; caput crebre, sat profunde punctulatum. antice
depressum, in medio puncto distincto munitum, plagis duabus
triangulis cupreo-fulgidis notatum ; prothorax longitudine duplo
latior, latevibus ab apice pone medium sub-obliquis, deinde basi
rectis, crebre punctulatum, plaga lateral! cuprea superficiei maximam
partem occupante, ornatus ; scutellum impunctatum ; elytra antice
prothoracis basi nonnihil latiora, duplo longiora, humeris elevatis,
callosis, pone humeros nonnihil ampliata, apice conjunctim rotun-
data, supra convexa, crebre profundeque punctata, vitta discoidali
alteraque supra-marginali latis, procul apicern conjunctis, cupreo-
fulgidis in singulo ornatis ; corpus subtus crebre punctulatum sat
dense griseo pubescens, pedes sat dense pubescentes, femoribus
clavatis, anticis inermis. Long. 7 mm. ; lat. 5 mm.

A very distinct species.

Hob. Mozambique (Rikatla). H. Junod.

(327)

INDEX.

aberrans (Asida)

ACANTHOMERA

ACASTUS

ADESMIA

adventitus (Psammodes)

adventitus (Trachynotus) ...
aequalipennis (Euleantus) ...

agilis (Unislatus)

agrestis (Anomalipus)

agrestis (Machla)

algoensis (Psammodes)

altitudinis ( Machlomorpha) . . .

ambiguus (Miorantereus)

AMIANTUS

ANOMALIPUS

ANOPLOSTETHA

approximans (Psammodes) . . .

AKGASIDUS

ASIDA

asper (Hoplonyx)

asperipennis (Acanthomera)

ASTHENOCHIRUS

C

caelatus (Psammodes)

capensis (Nycteropus)

chrysomelides (Vutsinms) ...
cognatus (Trachynotidus) ...

COLASPOSOMA

congruens (Psammodes)

consocia (Acanthomera)

consobrina (Asida)

consobriiius (Derostrophus) . . .

censors (Psammodes)

coriaceipennis (Vutsimus) ...

CRYPTOCHILE

CYMATURA

PAGE

262
313
315
246
278
299
249
312
303
256
275
258
306
266
303
324
270
251
258
315
313
316

281
304
311
297
326
290
314
261
253
288
311
249
324

D

damarinus (Derostrophus) ... 253

D AMARUS 244

debilis (Psammodes) 277

devia (Asida) 258

DEROSTROPHUS 252

DINOCEPHALUS 323

PAGX

D I PLOCOTIDUS 245

dispar (Echinotus) 302

dissidens (Derostrophus) 254

dissociatus (Psammodes) 274

diversa (Machlomorpha) 258

dolosus (Psammodes) 291

dubiosus (Psammodes) 287

E

echinata (Cryptochile) ...

ECHINOTUS

emeritus (Philocalus) ...

enona (Lytta)

enonensis (Oneila)

EULEANTUS

EURYOPE

exilis (Psammodes)

eximius (Trachynotidus)

F

flagrans (Psammodes)

flagrans (Hypomelus)

forcipatns (Derostrophus)
formicola (Diplocotidus) ...

f ortuitus (Psammodes)

foveolatus (Asthenochirns)

(i

gariesa (Adesmia)
gariesus (Psammodes) .

GHALECA

gloriosa (Phyllocnema)

H

haagi (Pachynotelus)

haagi (Trachynotus)

heterocera (Oneila)

hilaris (Ptinus)

HOPLONYX

hottentota (Acanthomera) .
hotteiitotus (Derostrophus) .
hottentotus (Psammodes) .
humilis (Derostrophus) ....

HYPOCRITES

HYPOMELUS..,

249
302
242
318
241
249
325
280
298

273
295
252
245
292
316

246
282
316
321

250
299
240
243
315
314
252
267
255
322
294

328

Index.

PAGE

imitator (Psammodes) 289

incongruens (Psammodes) ... 281

inquinatus (Psammodes) 292

integer (Psammodes) 276

intermedius (Psammodes) ... 272

junodi (Colasposoma) 326

junodi (Psammodes) 275

K

karrooensis (Psammodes) ... 267
L

la?ta (Ghaleca) 317

laetula (Tragiscochema) 325

Isetulus (Psammodes) 278

laticollis (Derostrophus) 254

lecta (Asida) 265

legitima (Asida) 266

lepidus (Ptinus) 242

lethargicus (Psammodes) 284

licitus (Psammodes) 290

lightfooti (Euryope) 325

lita (Machla) 257

litigiosus (Micrantereus) 308

litigiosus (Vutsimus) 310

lutulenta (Asida) 264

lutulentus (Trachynotus) 301

LYTTA '. 318

M

MACHLA 256

M ACHLOMORPHA 257

manicana (Phyllocnemida) ... 322

manicanus (Amiantus) 266

manifestus (Psammodes) 274

manifestus (Trachynotus) ... 297

mashuna (Anoplostetha) 324

mashuna (Cyinatura) 324

mashuna (Lytta) 318

mashunus (Psammodes) 269

matabelenus (Hypocrites) ... 322

maxillosus (Derostrophus) ... 254

inendax (Psammodes) 283

mendicus (Psammodes) 290

mera (Lytta) 318

meracus (Psammodes) 268

meracus (Trachynotus) 302

MEZIUM 243

MICRANTEREUS 305

mossambica (Asida) 263

mxilleri (Psammodes) 269

myrmidon (Psammodes) 286

N

PAGK

namaqua (Acanthomera) 313

namaqua (Asida) 264

namaqua (Stenocara) 248

natalense (Mezium) 244

natalis (Asida) 259

natalensis (Vutsimus) 310

nitens (Trachynotus) 298

notiale (Mezium) 243

NYCTEROPUS 304

O

OCrRABIES 293

ONEILA 240

ornatus (I)inocephalus) 323

ovampoa (Lytta) 319

P

PACHYNOTELUS 250

parvulus (Acastus) 315

parvulus (Micrantereus) 307

pauperata (Asida) 262

perfidus (Psammodes) 283

PHILOCALUS 241

PHYLLOONEMA 321

PHYLLOCNEMIDA 321

placidus (Psammodes) 280

placita (Stenocara) 248

plausibilis (Hypomelus) 295

plausibilis (Psammodes) 271

plicipennis (Trachynotus) ... 300

pneliator (Psammodes) 272

praestans (Psammodes) 282

praetorius (Vutsimus) 309

probes (Psammodophysis) ... 296

probus (Psammodes) 283

procursus (Psammodes) 279

profugus (Psammodes) 277

profanus (Psammodes) 271

propinquus (Micrantereus) ... 307

PSAMMODES 267

PSAMMODOPHYSIS 296

PTINUS.., 242

K

rhodesianus (Philocalus) 241

rotundipennis (Psammodes) 268

rusticus (Psammodes) 270

rusticus (Trachynotus) 300

S

saga (Zonitis) 320

scutulata (Adesmia') .'.. 247

serrata (Cryptochile) 250

servus ( Hypomelus) 294

Index.

PAGE

similis (Psammodes) 291

simplex (Adesmia) 246

singularis (Damarus) 244

singularis (Ograbies) 293

solitarius (Psammodes) 273

specularis (Psammodes) 286

sperabilis (Psammodes) 289

spissus (Micrantereus) 306

squamosus (Argasidus) 251

STENOCARA 248

suaveola (Zonitis) 320

T

tantillus (Trachynotus) 301

TEACHYNOTIDUS 296

TRACHYNOTUS 298

TRAGISCOCHEMA 325

transgressor (Zonitis) 319

transvaalensis (Asida) 260

transvaalensis (Vutsimus) ... 311

tricorniger (Xenus) 256

turbida (Asida) 263

turpis (Anomalipus) 304

U

PAGE

umbrina (Asida) 263

UMSLATUS 312

uiiigena (Asida) 265

vagus (Psammodes) 288

valens (Psammodes) 276

validus (Micrantereus) 305

vaticinus (Psammodes) 279

verecundus (Psammodes) ... 286

vexator (Psammodes) 287

vietus (Psammodes) 273

VUTSIMUS 308

X

XENUS 255

Z

zambesiana (Asida) 261

ZONITIS 319'

zula (Asida) 260

(330)

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

PLATE VI.

1. Adesmia simplex.

2. ,, scutulata.

3. Euleantus sequalipennis.

4. Pachynotelus haagi.

5. 5<z. Derostrophus forcipatus.

6. 6a. Xenus tricorniger.

7. Argasidus squaruosus.

8. Asida unigena.

9. Psam modes karrooensis.

1 0. Psammodes bottentotus.

11. ,, miilleri.

12. Hypomelus flagrans.

13. Psammodes mashunus.

14. ,, procursus.

15. junodi.

16. ,, caelatus. .

17. ,, incongruous.

18. Trachynotus haagi

PLATE VII.

1. Phyllocnema gloriosa.

la. Leg of Phyllocnema mirifica,
Pascoe.

2. 2a. Dinocephalus ornatus.

3. Micrantereus spissus.

4. Vutsimus coriaceipennis.

5. Anoplostetha mashuna.

6. Micrantereus validus ? .

7. Nycteropus capensis.

8. Acastus segnis, Pering.

9. Acastus parvulus.

10. Ghaleca Iseta.

11. Micrantereus validus, ^ .

12. Vutsimus prsetorius.

13. 13a. Diplocotidus formicola.

14. 14a. Mezium natalense.

15. Oneila heterocera, cT , .

16.

17. ,, enonensis, 3 .

18. Damarus singularis.

Mus. Vol. I

PL VI

Helio6. Dup

New Coleoptera

. S.Afr. Mus. Vol. I

PI . VII

Heliofi , Duiardin .Pans.

Coleoptera

(331)

VIII. On the SoutJi African Species of Peripatidae in the Collection
of the South African Museum. By W. F. PURCELL, Ph.D.,
First Assistant.

THE present paper deals with the South African species of
Peripatidfe, as represented in the collection of the Museum. Pull
descriptions of the external systematic characters of three out of the
four previously described species (P. capensis, balfouri, and moseleyi)
are given, together with descriptions of four new and perfectly
distinct ones. In addition five other forms are recorded, hut not
named, on account of lack of sufficient material.

Historical. The genus Peripatus has been known from America
since its first establishment by Guilding in 1826, and some years
afterwards, in 1837, the first South African species was recorded and
described by De Blainville as Peripatus brevis, with 14 pairs of legs.
It was found by M. Goudot on Table Mountain, but appears never
to have been met with since.

Peripatus does not seem to have been recorded from South Africa
again until 1868, when Grube described three specimens found
under stones on a hill at Constantia by Bitter v. Frauenfeld, during
the visit of the Austrian frigate " Novara " to the Cape in October,
1857. These three specimens were named Peripatus capensis by
Grube, and possessed 17-18 pairs of claw-bearing legs. Two of
these, including those figured, belong to Peripatopsis capensis as at
present limited, while the third belongs to the species subsequently
called balfouri by Sedgwick.

Guilding placed Peripatus amongst the Mollusca, while Grube
considered it to be an Annelid. It was not until the visit of the
"Challenger" to the Cape in 1873, when Moseley obtained and
dissected living specimens of P. capensis, that the tracheate character
of these animals was discovered. Moseley obtained his specimens

332 Annals of the South African Museum.

mostly from rotten willow logs and stumps behind Cogill's Hotel,
at Wynberg, in the Cape Peninsula, and the results of his im-
portant investigations were published in 1874 (Phil. Trans., clxiv.,
pp. 757-782).

In 1879 Wood-Mason described a species with 21-22 pairs of
legs from South Africa, which he named P. moseleyi. The locality of
these specimens is probably King William's Town.

In 1883 Mr. Adam Sedgwick paid a visit to the Cape, and collected
a large amount of material of P. capensis and P. balfonri for
embryological investigation. His material was apparently obtained
from the Newlands slope of Table Mountain, and in the first part
of his 'Development of P. capensis' (Q. J. M. S. (2), xxv., p. 450,
1885), the smaller Cape species with 18 pairs of legs was first
separated as a distinct form (balfouri) from capensis. All the Cape
species known to him were finally elaborately described in his
' Monograph on the species and distribution of Peripatus ' in
1888.

Since that time no new South African species have been described.
I have, however, published a notice of several of the new forms
described in the present paper, but without attaching names to
them (Trans. S. A. Phil. Soc., ix., pp. xviii and xix, 1897).

Classification. In 1894 Pocock proposed to break up the old
genus Peripatus into three genera, and introduced the terms
Peripatopsis and Peripatoidcs as new generic names for P. capensis
and P. novcB-zealandice respectively, while Peripatus was restricted
to the American forms (Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., xxiv., pp. 518-
526, 1894 ; also in Lydekker's Eoyal Nat. Hist., vi., p. 288,
1896). Although Pocock's suggestion does not appear to have
commended itself to subsequent authors, I believe it to be perfectly
justified, and have adopted it in the following pages. The species
of Peripatidce are neither very few in number nor very similar in the
structure of all their organs, and as these structural differences are
associated with differences in the geographical distribution the
establishment of several genera in the place of one becomes a matter
of considerable convenience.

For instance, I am acquainted with no less than six perfectly
distinct and five doubtful South African species of Peripatopsis,
which differ from one another only in such slight characters as the
number of the legs, the condition of the foot in the terminal rudi-
mentary pair of legs, the shape of the papillae, and the colour,
while all agree closely in every other character, as far as at present
known. Moreover, these eleven forms constitute a compact group,

South African Species of PeripcitidcB. 333

not connected by a number of intermediate forms with the other
genera.

Opposed to these forms of Perip atop sis, and differing from them
in several more or less important characters, is another South
African species, for which I have created a separate genus, described
below as Opisthopatus.

Both these genera differ from the American forms on the one hand,
and from the Australasian on the other in several characters, such as
the position of the genital opening (between the legs of the penultimate
pair in the American and of the last pair in the Cape and Austra-
lasian forms), and the presence (in Australian and American), or
absence (in the Cape forms) of receptacula seininis in the female,
which are surely characters of generic importance. The number of
spiuous pads and the arrangement of the papillae on the feet are no
doubt of less value, but as these characters go hand in hand with
more important ones they are by no means to be disregarded.

Several new species have recently been described by Bouvier
(Peripatiis tholloni from Gaboon, W. Africa) and A. Willey
(Peripatiis iiovce-britcmmcB from the island of New Britain), which
do not appear to fit into any of Pocock's genera. In that case, of
course, new ones would have to be made for their reception.*

Specific Characters. The characters available for distinguishing
between the species of Peripatopsis are unfortunately very limited
in number, almost the only ones being the number of the legs, the
structure of the terminal rudimentary pair alongside of the genital
opening, and the shape of the papillae.

The number of the legs is of value apparently in all species in
which there are not more than nineteen praagenital claw-bearing
pairs, besides the terminal rudimentary pair at least, no case of
variation has come under my observation. On the other hand, if
the number of the praegenital legs exceeds nineteen pairs, it is often
no longer constant in the same species, and its value as a specific
character becomes greatly diminished.

A very important character is the presence or absence of claws on
the rudimentary genital legs, and I have used this to divide the
genus into two main groups. The presence or absence of a rudi-
mentary foot in the clawless forms will probably be found of specific
value, although I am not yet quite sure of the constancy of this

* While this paper was in the press, A. Willey's researches on P. nouai-britannice
(in : Zoolog. Results based on material from New Britain, &c., collected by A.
Willey, Pt. I., 1898) came to hand. This author recognises Pocock's new names as
sub-genera, and creates a new sub-genus, Paraperipatus, for P. nov(e-britanniie.

334 Annals of the South African Museum.

character. The number of spinous pads on the rudimentary legs
appears to be always variable.

The colour is useful if associated with structural characters,
although, owing to its great range of variation, it would be unwise
to found a species on the colour alone. Of course exceptions to this
rule may possibly occur. Species inhabiting the same locality may
often be easily distinguished from one another by their colour ; so,
for instance, capensis from balfouri and leonina in the Cape
Peninsula, and clavigera from sedgwioki in the Knysna.

I am uncertain to what extent the form of the papillae of the
body may be utilised, but the curious clavate papillae of P.
clavigera appear to form a good character, not met with in any
other species of the genus.

Distribution. The genus Peripatopsis is only known from the
Gape Colony and Natal. If we exclude capensis, it may be stated
generally that all the species belonging to the group with claw-
bearing terminal feet occur in the western half of the Cape Colony
between Cape Town and Graham's Town, extending as far north as
the Cedarbergen in Clanwilliam, while the species belonging to the
group in which the terminal legs are clawless inhabit Natal and the
eastern part of Cape Colony, the most western locality known being
the Katberg Forest. P. capensis, which belongs to the latter group,
is thj sole exception, being found in the Cape Peninsula only.

As, however, the number of localities in which Peripatopsis has
been searched for is very small, the above limits must be looked
upon as purely provisional, and they may have to be considerably
modified when more forms come to light. There is little reason to
doubt but that this genus or others occur in most wooded mountain
ravines and in forests throughout South Africa. I have found it in
nearly every likely-looking spot which I have thoroughly examined
at the right season of the year.

A synopsis of the named species with their localities is given at
the end of the paper.

GEN. PEEIPATOPSIS, Pocock.

Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., xxiv., p. 519, 1894 (I have not seen the

original paper).

Type. P. capensis (Grube).

Characters. Legs with three spinous pads ; the legs on each side
of the genital opening rudimentary, very much smaller than the

South African Species of Peripatidce. 335

preceding pair, and not used for walking, occasionally quite obsolete.
Feet with two large papillae near the apex on the anterior side and
a single one on the posterior side. Genital opening always subter-
minal, longitudinal, never in the form of a transverse slit.

In those cases in which the male has been examined, the pair of
legs immediately before the genital opening has been found to
possess an enlarged crural gland. These legs are provided with a
large white papilla on the ventral side in all our male specimens.
The terminal unpaired portion of the vas dcfere.ns is not very long.

In the female there is no receptaculum scminis, and the oviduct
contains a number of embryos, all of which are equally developed
and of the same size.*

The number of legs is constant in all species, with not more than
19 praegenital pairs. In the remaining species the number appears
to vary slightly. The dorsal surface is provided with a fine white
median line, often only partially visible in preserved specimens. The
outer jaw has a small accessory tooth at the base of the main tooth.

It occasionally happens that an apical dorsal papilla occurs on a
foot here and there in addition to the one posterior and two anterior
papillae ; now and then also two posterior papillae are found on
some feet.

1. No claw-bearing legs on each side of the genital opening.

(a) Species in which the rudimentary legs on each side of the genital
opening arc normally without traces of rudimentary feet, and occa-
sionally even absent. A spinous pad is of ten present on these legs.

1. PEKIPATOPSIS CAPENSIS (Grube).

Peripatus capensis (ad part.), Grube, Anneliden, p. 4, pi. iv., figs. 3,
3-c, in : Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte
Novara um die Erde in den Jahren, 1857, 1858,
and 1859. Zoologischer Theil, Bd. ii., Abthlg.
iii. Wien, 1868.

,, ,, (ad part.), Moseley and Sedgwick, in: Balfour's

Anat. and devel. of P. capensis, Q. J. M. S. (2),

* I found this to be the case in the female specimens of the following species,
which I dissected : capensis, moscleyi, balfouri, Iconina, scdgwicki, and clavigcra.
It must be remembered, however, that at certain times of the year a new set of
eggs may have entered the oviduct before the birth of the older brood ; in such
cases of course there would be embryos of two different stages in the oviduct at
the same time, but this is still a very different condition from that which obtains
in Opisthopatus.

336 Annals of tJie South African Museum.

xxiii., 1883 (pp. 3-8 of the reprint refer to
eapensis and half our i, pi. xiii. and xiv. to capensis
only).

,, ,, Sedgwick, The develop, of P. capensis, Pt. 1,

Q. J. M. S. (2), xxv., p. 450, 1885; reprinted
in Stud. Morph. Lab. Cambridge, iv., p. 2, 1889.
,, ,, Sedgwick, A Monograph on the spec, and distrib.

of the genus Pcripatus, Guild., Q. J. M. S. (2),
xxviii., 1888; reprinted in Stud. Morph. Lab.
Cambridge, iv., pp. 157-166, pi. xiv.-xvi. and
pi. xx., figs. 27-28, 1889.

Characters. Claw-bearing (prsegenital) legs 17 pairs ; the middle
spinous pad not very broad, only l - 4-l*7 times as wide as the
proximal pad.

On each side of the genital opening in the female is a papilliferous
tubercle, which is the rudiment of the genital pair of legs. Near
the apex of each on the ventral side is a small, yellowish, spinous
pad. In one specimen this pad was surmounted at the apex of one
of the tubercles by a movable rudimentary foot, which was pro-
vided with four papillae on its ventral surface and the rudiment of a
claw in the centre between them. Often the pad is absent, and
sometimes even the tubercle itself may be quite obsolete on one side
of the body. In the male the tubercle is even more reduced and
without trace of spinous pad or foot.

Papillae of the dorsal and lateral surfaces conical, high, rounded
at the apex, never clavate.

Length and width of average adult $ (alive and extended): 58 x 6^- mm.

,? 39 v 4-

jj j j j O ) > tJ^J XN j: j j

,, ,, of same ? and $ , preserved in alcohol, sol. of

HgCL and contracted : 41 x 7 mm. and 28 x 44- mm. Sedgwick
gives 65 mm. for the $ and 48 for the $ .

Colour of darker forms (5 ad. and 7 juv. from St. James, False
Bay, and 5 ad. from Platteklip, Table Mountain. Dorsal and lateral
surfaces deep velvety black, often with a greenish tinge in some
lights ; becoming dark green after long immersion in spirits. The
five longitudinal darker stripes described for balfouri (on p. 342)
present, but, excepting the medio-dorsal one, not very distinct.
The usual lateral band just above the bases of the legs on each
side slightly lighter in colour than the rest of the dorsal surface
and often more distinctly green in the living animal.

All the papillae black, many of the larger tipped with orange-
brown, at least along the lighter lateral bands ; these orange-tipped

South African Species of Penpatidce. 337

papillae not markedly less numerous in the two pairs of dark lateral
stripes, but sometimes almost or quite absent from the dorsal
surface proper.

Outer surface of the legs often bluish black and slightly lighter
than the dorsal surface of body, the papillae black, or blue-black, a
number of the larger ones orange-brown in the apical part.

Ventral surface of body generally pale orange, that of the legs
bright orange, becoming after long immersion in spirits pallid,
owing to the complete extraction of the orange colour. Dark pig-
ment occurs on or between the papillae along the median line, in the
pore at the base of each leg, and often also near the posterior end of
the body. Many of the papillae of the ventral surface are partially
pigmented with black. The papillae on the under side of the head
are dark green.

The under surface of the legs is either without pigment or the
papillae are more or less pigmented with black. Spinous pads
yellowish green, the proximal ones often orange, becoming pale
yellowish in spirits. Foot bluish grey to almost black. Claws pale
at the base, dark brown at the apex.

All the yoiuuj (2 cm. in length and under) from the same locality
at St. James differ markedly from the adults in colour. The
ventral surface is almost entirely free from dark pigment, excepting
under the head, and generally also along the median line and in
the basal pores of the legs. The upper surface resembles that of
half our i rather than the adult capensis, for the larger papillae are
much more extensively, often, especially on the sides of the body,
entirely orange with a ring of dark pigment at the tips. The orange
papillae on the legs are very pronounced and numerous, resembling
those on the sides of the body.

ReddisJi forms. I have also examined several adult specimens
from Eondebosch (F. Trcleacen) and Newlands. In one from the
latter place the orange-red of numerous large papillae extends over
their whole surface and often also round their bases, this being
especially the case in the lateral band just above the bases of the
legs. The dorsal surface thus acquires a distinct reddish hue, and
the lateral bands appear quite red. The legs, however, remain
bluish black, the orange being here confined to the apical region of
the larger papillae. The under surface (exclusive of the head) of
several of these specimens is almost devoid of dark pigment, except-
ing along a faint median streak and often also at the posterior end
of the body. A young specimen (li cm. long) from the same
locality resembles those from St. James.

338 Annals of tJic South African Museum.

Mr. Sedgwick described specimens in which the dorsal surface
and most of its papillae are reddish brown, but I have not met with
such cases. The same author states that the colour appears to be
hardly at all affected by spirits. This is scarcely correct, for the
red of the ventral surface may disappear after a few weeks, and
although that of the dorsal papillae may remain for some years, it
also ultimately entirely disappears, while the black pigment becomes
dark green.

Locality. P. capensis is widely distributed over the Cape
Peninsula. It has been found under stones in ravines on the
mountain-side at St. James (False Bay), and in similar places on the
Cape Town side of Table Mountain (near Platteklip). It is found
throughout the woods at Newlands, Rondebosch, Wynberg, and
Constantia, often in hiding in rotten tree-stumps. It is not con-
fined to the mountain slopes, but occurs in the low-lying land as
well.

2. PEBIPATOPSIS MOSELEYI (Wood-Mason).

Pcripatus mosclcyi, Wood-Mason, Morphol. notes bearing on the

origin of Insects, in : Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.
for 1879, p. 155.

,, ,, Sedgwick, A monograph on the spec, and

distr. of the genus Pcripatus, Guild., in :
Q. J. M. S. (2), xxviii., 1888; reprinted in:
Stud. Morph. Lab. Cambridge, iv., pages 168,
169-171, pi. xvii., fig. 8.

The original diagnosis was very brief, as follows : "P. inoscleyi,
with 21-22 pairs of walking legs, from South Africa." * Professor
Sedgwick subsequently obtained and described in detail one of
Wood-Mason's specimens, together with four others in the
possession of the Indian Museum, the locality of which is stated to
be "near Y/illiam's Town, South Africa." Sedgwick states that
W T ood-Mason's specimen was found by Mr. J. P. Mansel Weale,
but no locality is given. As Mr. Weale is known to have collected
many natural history specimens from the King William's Town and
East London Divisions in the Cape Colony,! I think it highly
probable that the type-specimens of this form were also found by
him somewhere in these two districts.

* Were it not for Sedgwick's subsequent description P. moscleyi would have
remained quite unrecognisable. A diagnosis based on the number of legs alone
without the exact locality is totally insufficient.

f See for instance : R. Trimen, S. Afr. Butterflies, i., p. xi., 1887.

.S'( ///// African Species of Peripatidce. 339

Sedgwick has also recorded a specimen of P. moseleyi with 22
pairs of legs, found in the Botanic Gardens, Pietermaritzburg, Natal
(in: Note on a Peripatns from Natal, Proc. Phil. Soc. Cambridge,
vii., pp. 250-251).

Six specimens (3 large ? , 1 large and 2 small $ ) , collected
by Mr. E. A. Haviland at Escourt, Natal, in 1896, are the only
ones in the Museum referable to P. moseleyi. The colour of
these specimens after immersion in spirits for nearly two years is
as follows :

Dorsal surface a uniform dark green. In one specimen the
larger papillae are paler and brownish green, especially round their
bases (these and the lateral bands \vere probably brown in the living
animal), while in another a few conspicuous bright orange papillae
occur on the anterior part of the body. Skin of head sometimes
pallid between the dorsal papillae. Of the five darker longitudinal
stripes described for balfouri (p. 342) only the medio-dorsal one is
very distinct. On each side just above the bases of the legs is the
usual lighter band (generally of a paler green, but greenish brown
in one specimen). Outer surface of the legs dark green, without any
brown papilla?. The under surface is uniformly pale, without any
dark pigment, except on the head, where the papillae are mostly
tinged with green.

All possess 22 pairs of praegenital claw-bearing legs, the feet of
which are often striped on the dorsal surface with dark green longi-
tudinal lines, just as in Sedgwick's specimens. The spinous pads
are yellowish or partly green, the middle pad being 1/6-2 times as
wide as the proximal pad. The rudimentary leg on each side of the
genital opening is a mere tubercle without feet and with rudimentary
or no spinous pad.

The papillae of the dorsal and lateral surfaces of body high,
conico-cylindrical but not clavate, mostly rounded at the apex, those
in the lateral paler bands often compressed at the base (possibly on
account of the contraction of the body).

Although Escourt is three hundred miles distant from King
William's Town there is nothing in the nature of the intervening
country to render the occurrence of the same species throughout
this wide area improbable.

3. PERIPATOPSIS, spec. nov. (?).

Three specimens in a bottle labelled " Pietermaritzburg, Natal (Col.
J. H. Bowker, 1892), with 23-24 pairs of claw-bearing praegenital

23

340 Annals of the South African Museum.

legs. Papillae shaped as in capensis. Colour dark green, with the
larger papillae pale or brown. The lateral band on each side just
above the bases of the legs paler green or quite brown.

It seems to me probable that these specimens belong to a distinct
species, but I do not care to create a new specific name for them, as
their age and the state of preservation of two of them renders them
scarcely suitable for description.

(b) Species in which the rudimentary leg on each side of tJie genital
opening is normally provided with a rudimentary and claivless, but
distinctly recognisable foot. (On account of the state of preservation
of some, and the small number of specimens at my disposal of others,
I have not thought it advisable to attach new specific names to the
three forms which come under this heading.)

4. PERIPATOPSIS, spec. nov. (?).

Two old specimens, labelled " Katberg Forest," fifty miles north-
west of King William's Town (W. C. Scully, 1884), with 21 pairs of
claw-bearing praagenital legs. Papillae mostly low and stumpy,
conico-hemisphaerical, higher at the posterior part of body. The
rudimentary leg on each side of the genital opening furnished with
a spinous pad and a distinct foot, the latter bearing an anterior and
a posterior papilla near the apex, but no claws.

5. PERIPATOPSIS, spec. nov. (?).

A small female from Eichmond, Natal (Eev. J. E. Ward, 1898),
with 21 pairs of claw-bearing praegenital legs. Papillae shaped as in
moseleyi. The dorsal and lateral surfaces of the living animal were
of a bright orange colour, with a black median stripe, and midway
between the latter and the bases of the legs are a number of
blackened papillae, which form a dark stripe on each side. Outer
surface of legs with blue-black papillae and a few pinkish brown
ones. Under surface of body pink, without dark pigment. Genital
legs like those of the previous form, but the spinous pad appears to
be rudimentary. I examined this specimen alive.

6. PEEIPATOPSIS, spec. nov. (?).

A large male, also from Eichmond, Natal (Eev. J. E, Ward, 1898),
with 20 pairs of claw-bearing praegenital legs, was, when alive, of an
almost uniform dark olive-greenish brown, with the usual black
medio-dorsal stripe and a paler lateral band on each side just above

South African Species of Pcripatidce. 341

the bases of the legs. Colour of legs and ventral surface and
structure of the genital legs as in the previous form. PapilUc
shaped as in moseleyi. This specimen was examined alive.

It is a matter of uncertainty whether the two last-mentioned
forms from Richmond belong to one or to two species, and whether
either or both are co-specific with the specimens from the Katherg
Forest.

2. Rudimentary legs on each side of ttie genital opening fttrnished
with perfect feet, each bearing a pair of claws.

7. PERIPATOPSIS BALFOURI (Sedg.).

Pt'ripatits ca^ensis (ad part.}, Grube, Anneliden, p. 4, in : Keise der
osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in
den Jahren, 1857, 1858, and 1859. Zoologischer
Theil. Bd. ii., Abthlg. iii. Wien, 1868.

,, ,, (ad part.), Moseley and Sedgwick, in : Balfour,

Anat. and devel. of P. capensis, Q. J. M. S. (2)
xxiii., 1883 (pp. 3-8 of the reprint refer to
cape us is and balfonri}.

,, balfouri, Sedgwick, The develop, of P. capensis, Pt. 1,
Q. J. M. S. (2), xxv., p. 450, 1885 ; reprinted in :
Stud. Morph. Lab. Cambridge, iv., p. 2, 1889.
,, ,, Sedgwick, A monograph on the spec, and distrib.

of the Gen. Peripatus, Guild., in : Q. J. M. S. (2),
xxviii., 1888 ; reprinted in : Stud. Morph. Lab.
Cambridge, iv., pp. 166-7, pi. xvii., figs. 9-10,
and pi. xx., fig. 24.

diameters. Claw-bearing legs 18 pairs ; the middle spinous pad
broad, 2-2 - 6 times as wide as the proximal pad.

The leg on each side of the genital opening in the female with the
well-developed foot somewhat smaller, or at least shorter, than that
of the preceding leg ; the trunk much reduced, with one distinct or
rudimentary spinous pad and sometimes with rudiments of a second,
and about two rows of papillas between the pad and the body on the
median side. In the male the foot is much smaller than those of
the previous pair, and the trunk and spinous pads are even more
reduced than in the female. The penultimate pair of legs is also
somewhat smaller than the preceding pair in the male.

The papillte on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of body conical or
cylindrical but never clavate, often conical at base and attenuated

342 Annals of tlic SoutJi African

and sub-cylindrical in the distal part ; high, mostly at least as high
as broad at the base.

Length and width of large $ (alive and extended) : 32 x 2-1 mm.

,, ? ,, ,, 43 x 3 mm.

,, ,, of another large ? , preserved in alcohol, sol. of

HgCl. 2 and contracted : 28 x 3 -75 mm.

Colour. Dorsal and lateral surfaces dark olive-green to almost
black, with five darker longitudinal stripes, viz., a narrow, well-
defined, medio-dorsal stripe, divided longitudinally by a fine white
line, and two broader, generally less distinctly defined, lateral stripes
on each side. The lower of the lateral stripes connects the upper
portions of the bases of the legs, while the upper one lies between
these and the dorsal stripe, but nearer to the former than to the
latter. In the medio-dorsal and lower lateral stripes there are
generally no orange papillae, although occasionally a couple may be
present ; in the upper lateral stripe a few orange papillae generally
occur in places, or they are entirely absent from it. The surface
between the two lateral stripes forms on each side a lateral band
lying just above the bases of the legs and generally of a lighter
shade of colour than the broader dorsal bands, which lie between
the upper lateral and the medio-dorsal dark stripes, one on each side
of the latter.

The ordinary papillae are black or almost so, many of them with
a minute pallid or orange dot in the middle of the apex. Evenly
distributed amongst these, except in the five dark stripes, are a much
fewer number of large orange-coloured papillae (about 40-50 to each
of the 18 leg-bearing body segments). The orange colour occupies
the sides of the papillae, and generally also (but not in all specimens)
spreads a little round the base, while the apex is generally dark
green or black with a minute orange dot in the centre. In pre-
served specimens all the orange is extracted and the papillae appear
white.

The outer surface of the legs is dark green, without any green-
tipped orange papillae.

Ventral surface of bodi/ and legs in preserved specimens pallid or
slightly tinged with green between the papillae ; the numerous papillae
more or less dark green, sometimes only faintly tinged. No trans-
verse or longitudinal green stripes.

Spinmis pads of legs in the living animal greenish yellow in pre-
served specimens green, the proximal part of the middle pad
yellowish. Foot a bluish or blackish grey. Claws pale at the base,
dark brown at the apex.

South African Species of Peripatida. 343

Amongst the large number of specimens which I have examined,
those from the following localities deserve special notice :

(a) About forty specimens from the wooded slopes of Table
Mountain at Newlands. It is characteristic of these specimens that
the dark-green pigment is very often (but not always) very faint or
quite absent between the dark-green papillas on the head, and some-
times almost the whole surface of the latter, including the papillae,
is quite white and devoid of all pigment. In some specimens a large
amount of orange-red pigment occurs, in addition to the colouring
matter which is always present in the orange papillae. This gives
the dorsal surface a decided reddish hue, while the lighter parts
(upper surface of head, ventral surface, especially of head) become
bright orange-red. In one very red specimen the greater part of the
head, however, was quite white in the living animal. In these red
specimens the ordinary green pigment is present in the usual
quantity. Orange papillae were never absent from the dorsal surface.
Professor Sedgwick appears to have obtained his specimens from
this locality.

(b) About forty specimens from the mountain-side at Simons
Town. In these the dorsal surface of the head is always as darkly
pigmented as the rest of the upper surface. The ventral surface of
the body in the living animal is pale with a bluish or pinkish tinge,
that of the head orange-red. The orange pigment of the dorsal
surface is confined to the orange papillae, and is sometimes very
pale. In some specimens these orange papillai are partially or
wholly blackened in some parts of the body ; these form a transition
to the following :

(c) Two specimens from a ravine on the mountain-side at St.
James (False Bay). In these all the papillae of the dorsal and lateral
surfaces are black, without any trace of orange.* Otherwise they
resemble the specimens from Simons Town.

(J) A single female specimen preserved in spirits and found in
the Cedar Mountains at the Boschkloof Waterfall, near Clanwilliam,
by Mr. C. L. Leipoldt in November, 1897. The peculiarity of this
specimen is the presence on the outer surface of each leg of a small
number (two to four) of green-tipped orange papillae, similar to those
on the body. These are never found on the legs of specimens from
the Cape Peninsula, although in these the apices of one or two of
the papillae of the legs may occasionally be orange, owing to the
expansion of the central apical dot over the whole tip. The skin of

* I was formerly inclined to consider these a new species (Trans. S. A. Phil.
Soc., ix., p. xviii, 1897).

344 Annals of the South African Museum.

tin- head is paler than the rest of the dorsal surface. The orange of
the papilko is still recognisable after nearly a year.

The effect of hardening agents and spirits of wine upon the colour
deserves notice. At first the green tinge gives place to a deep black,
only to reappear after the lapse of some months, and in course of
time the dark pigment becomes a more and more decided green.
Immersion in spirits for a few weeks or months further causes every
trace of orange and red to disappear.

Locality. Under stones, logs, bark, and in rotten wood on the
slopes of Table and other mountains of the Cape Peninsula, and in
the Cedar Mountains, Clanwilliam. I have found this species in
the Platteklip Eavine on the Cape Town side of Table Mountain,
in the woods on the Newlands slope, and in ravines near Camp's
Bay and Hout Bay ; also at St. James and at Simons Town along
the False Bay coast. I have never met with it on Signal Hill, which
is the home of P. Iconina.

I', balfonri was confused w r ith capciisis for a long time, until
Sedgwick separated it in 1885. In his original description this
author states that the larger papillae on the dorsal surface are white,
and that the eighteenth pair of legs in the male is hardly distinguish-
able from the large papillae found near the hind end of the body.
This caused me at first to consider the specimens described above as
possibly different from Sedgwick's balfouri (Trans. S. A. Phil. Soc.,
ix., p. xviii, 1897), but I am now convinced of their identity, and
think it probable that that author's description was drawn up from
preserved specimens only.

8. PERIPATOPSIS LEONINA, n. sp.*

Characters. Claw-bearing legs 22 pairs in the types, 21 pairs in
other specimens ; the middle spinous pad very broad, 2 - 2-3 times as
wide as the proximal pad.

The leg on each side of the genital opening as in balfouri in both
sexes.

In the male the last praegenital pair of legs is also somewhat
smaller than the penultimate pair.

The papillae on the dorsal and lateral surfaces shaped as in
balfouri.

Length of large 3 (alive and extended): 34 mm.

* These specimens are referred to by me in Trans. S. A. Phil. Soc., ix.,
pp. xviii-xix, 1897.

South African Species of Pcripatida. 345

Length and width of large ? (alive and extended) : 49 x 2-8 mm.
> ,, same $ , preserved in ale. sol. of HgCL 2 and

contracted : 34 x 4 mm.

Colour. Dorsal and lateral surfaces greenish black to black
(becoming dark green after long immersion in spirits), with five
darker longitudinal stripes exactly similar to those of balfouri. The
lateral band just above the bases of the legs on each side lighter
than the dorsal surface. The orange papillae blackened at the apex
and exactly resembling those of balfouri in their distribution, except-
ing that they are never wanting.

Ventral surface generally pink in the living animal, pale in pre-
served specimens, with numerous papillae more or less tinged with
dark green ; traces of a dark, longitudinal, median line and dark
transverse lines between the bases of opposite legs rarely present.

Legs. Outer surface black to greenish black, without any green-
tipped orange papillae. Ventral surface like the under side of body.
Colour of spinous pads, feet and claws, as in balfouri.

The orange papillae of the body lose their colour much more
rapidly in spirits than is the case in balfouri, the papillae becoming
white after a few hours' immersion. I have never noticed orange or
red pigment, similar to that found in some specimens of balfouri,
in any other parts of the dorsal surface.

Locality. A number of males and females from under stones in
the small ravines on the Cape Town side of Signal Hill (Lions Hill)
during the winter months. I have never found this species on Table
Mountain nor in any other locality, and it appears to be the only
one inhabiting Signal Hill. Its existence there was first pointed out
to me by Mr. E. M. Lightfoot.

Individuals with 22 pairs of legs were found to be just twice as
numerous as those with 21 pairs ; this applies to both sexes. I have
no doubt as to the specific identity of both these series of specimens.
Apart from the fact that I could discover no differences either in
habits, colour, or structure, other than the number of legs, is the
circumstance of a female with 22 pairs of legs giving birth shortly
after being captured to thirteen young, two of which possessed 21
pairs of legs and the remaining eleven 22 pairs each. I have also
captured a male specimen with 21 pairs on one side of the body and
22 on the other.

9. PERIPATOPSIS SEDGWICKI, n. sp.

Characters. Claw-bearing legs 20 pairs; the middle spinous pad
not very broad, 1-5-2-2 times as wide as the proximal pad.

346 Annals of the South African Museum.

The legs on each side of the genital opening in the female with
the foot normally developed, although smaller than that of the pre-
ceding legs, the trunk much reduced but better developed than in
either of the preceding species and longer than the foot, generally
with two, sometimes even with three, rarely only one distinct spinous
pad, and several rows of papillae between the pad and the body on
the median side. In the male the foot, pads, and trunk of the leg
are much more reduced than in the female.

Most of the papillae of the dorsal and lateral surfaces are short
and stumpy with rounded apices, often conico-hemisphaerical,
especially the larger ones of the middle portions of the body, the
smaller ones, however, often sub-cylindrical in their distal part and
slenderer ; none are ever clavate.

Length and width of only $ (preserved in ale. sol. of HgCl. 2 and
contracted) : 25 x 4-25 mm.

Length and width of largest 2 (similarly contracted) : 52 x 7 mm.

Colour of preserved specimens (24- years in spirits).*- Dorsal and
lateral surfaces : Ground colour made up of black (varying to greenish
black) and orange-brown pigment. The latter predominates in the
broad dorsal band on each side of the medio-dorsal stripe, and
especially in the lateral band just above the bases of the legs on
each side, both pairs of bands appearing orange-brown. The dark
pigment predominates in five longitudinal dark stripes, corresponding
to those of balfouri. Of these the medio-dorsal one is the darkest
and narrowest, and is divided longitudinally by a fine white line,
while the upper lateral stripes are very broad with numerous orange-
brown papillae.

The papillae are black with numerous large orange-brown ones
interspersed amongst them. These latter are broadly orange-brown
round their bases, and mostly not green-tipped ; they are evenly dis-
tributed over the whole surface, often occurring in the lower dark
lateral stripe as well. In the light-coloured lateral bands the dark
pigment of the papillae is often almost entirely replaced by orange-
brown.

Ventral surface uniformly pale, without pigment, or more often
with dark pigment forming a faint or more or less distinct median
longitudinal stripe, and transverse stripes between the bases of
opposite legs.

* These specimens are mentioned in Trans. S. A. Phil. Soc., ix., p. xviii,
1897. The original colour of the dorsal surface has remained practically un-
changed, as far as I can recollect, although the original tints of the ventral side
have probably disappeared.

South African Species of I'n-iji/itidce. 347

Legs. Outer surface with numerous very dark smaller papillae
and a number of large pale orange papillae. Ventral surface with-
out pigment. Spinous pads yellowish. Feet and claws coloured as
in half on i- i.

In some specimens the two kinds of pigments are more
evenly distributed over the dorsal surface, which appears
greenish brown or brownish green with the upper lateral dark
stripes indistinct.

Locality. Eleven females of various sizes and one small male, all
preserved in an alcoholic solution of HgCL, and collected by
myself at the Knysna in March, 1896. They occur in rotten wood in
the forests and under weed-heaps, &c., on the farms near the town.

This is a very large and stout species, and differs markedly in
colour from the other species of this section. The genital legs, too,
are much better developed. The orange-brown pigment is only
partially dissolved by spirits ; the greater portion remains undis-
solved and the colour scarcely changes. I dedicate this handsome and
distinct species, which rivals ca2)cnsis in size, to Mr. Adam Sedgwick.

Other localities are :

(a) Plettenberg Bay in the Knysna Division. Several very badly
preserved specimens from this locality are recognisable as belonging
to this species.

(b) Grahamstown. Two specimens, presented by Dr. Schonland,
undoubtedly belong to this species and agree very closely with the
types in colour and structure, excepting that the dorsal and lateral
papillae are longer and not so stumpy. A third specimen from the
same bottle differs in the ground-colour of the dorsal surface, which
is green instead of brown, w r ith numerous large brown papillae ; the
lateral bands are entirely brown. This specimen is doubtless merely
a colour variety of sedgwicki.

A female captured at the end of March, 1896, at the Knysna con-
tained a number of embryos of a very advanced stage of development,
and evidently almost ready for birth. They already possessed five
longitudinal green lines, corresponding to the dark ones of the adult,
while the legs were also dark green.

10. PEBIPATOPSIS CLAVIGERA, 11. sp.

Characters. Claw -bearing legs 17 pairs ; the middle spinous pad
very broad, 2-2-2 - 9 times as wide as the proximal pad.

The leg on each side of the genital opening in the female with the
foot normally developed and slightly smaller than that of the pre-

348 Annals of the South African Museum.

ceding leg; the trunk very much reduced and scarcely as long as
the foot ; only the distal pad is present, although sometimes in a
rudimentary condition, and between it and the body there is only
one row of papillae on the median side.

The papillae on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the body mostly
flat-topped, cylindrical, or clavate, many being enlarged hi the distal
part and constricted towards the middle or base.

Length and width of largest ? (preserved in ale. sol. of HgCL
and contracted) : 34 x 44- mm.

Colour of preserved specimens (2-|- years in spirits). Dorsal and
lateral surfaces dark green,* the lateral band on each side just above
the bases of the legs lighter than the dorsal surface. The medio-
dorsal and the lower lateral darker stripes distinct and similar to
those of balfouri ; the upper lateral dark stripe, however, distinctly
denned only along its lower border and as thickly studded with
orange papillae as the rest of the dorsal surface. These papillae
evenly distributed over the whole surface (except in the medio-dorsal
stripe) and also between the legs, resembling those of balfouri in
colour but not becoming white in spirits.

Ventral surface more or less tinged with green in places, some-
times the greater part greenish. The papillae with dark-green tips
numerous ; intermingled with them are a fewer number of pallid
papillae, which are broadly pallid round their bases and green-tipped
in the darker specimens only. These pale papillae correspond to the
orange ones of the dorsal surface.

Legs. Outer surface dark green with no, or at most one or two,
orange papillae to each leg. Under surface like the ventral side of
body, but often paler. Spinous pads green, the proximal pad or the
proximal part of the middle pad, or both sometimes yellowish.

Locality. I collected four large females from rotten logs in the
forest at Knysna.

This species is much rarer than scdywicki, which inhabits the
same locality and was also found in the same logs. It differs from
all the other species of the genus in possessing the curious clavate
papillae of Opisthopatus cinctipcs on the upper surface.

On dissecting a specimen of this species, captured at the end of
March, 1896, I found the oviducts full of a number of very advanced

* These specimens were collected in March, 189G, and in August of the same
year I referred to them as being of a black colour above (Trans. S. A. Phil. Soc.,
ix., p. xviii, 1897). The change to dark green is quite the usual one, and the
original colour was probably a greenish black, which agrees very well with my

recollections of the living animal.

South African Species of Peripatidcs. 349

embryos, evidently almost ready for birth. In the intestinal canal
of the same specimen was the empty skin of another, which had
been swallowed whole, and to which the jaw r s and some of the claws
of the legs were still attached.

The following form of this section is unknown to me :

11. PERIPATOPSIS, spec. nov. (?)

Sedgwick, A Monograph on the spec, and distr. of the genus
Peripatus, Guild., loc. cit.

On p. 169 of the reprint this form is described as a specimen from
Table Mountain with 20 pairs of claw-bearing legs, and closely
resembling bal/ouri in colour and structure. The last pair of legs,
between which the genital opening lies, has a normal foot but no
spinous pads, and is much reduced in size. Sedgwick places this
form provisionally as a variety of balfouri.

GEN. OPISTHOPATUS, nov.

Type 0. cinctipcs, n. sp.

Characters. As in Pcripatopsia except : The leg on each side
of the genital opening not rudimentary, as large and as well de-
veloped as the preceding pair and probably used for walking. Foot
with a single anterior, a posterior, and a dorsal papilla, all of which
are large and near the apex. Genital opening in the form of a trans-
verse slit, a little remote from the hind end of the body.

Male unknown.

In the female specimen which I opened the oviducts resemble
those of P. capcnsis in being unprovided with reccptacula scminix.
They differ, however, in containing a number of embryos of different
stages of development, the one immediately before the external open-
ing being much larger than any of the others in the same oviduct.
Evidently the young are born at remote intervals, and not all within
a short period as in Peripatopsis. With regard to the position of
the organs in the posterior half of the body, it may be mentioned
that the intestinal canal was pressed against the left side of the body
and slightly ventral ; the portion of the right oviduct containing the
large embryo nearest the opening lay along the ventral body-wall,
while the left oviduct with its large embryo lay above the right one,
just under the dorsal wall of the body, crossing over the intestinal
canal near its posterior end.

350 Annals of the South African Museum.

The narrow slit-like genital opening is raised on an eminence and
is situated at some little distance from the anus and hind end of the
body, which projects some distance beyond the last pair of legs. In
this respect the genus bears some apparent resemblance to the con-
dition which obtains in the Australasian species.

The dorsal surface is provided with a fine median white line, and
the outer jaws, like those of Peripatopsis, possess a small accessory
tooth at the base of the main tooth.

This genus to some extent resembles the Australasian species of
Peripatoidcs, in which the papillae of the feet are similarly arranged,
and the genital opening is also situated between the last pair of fully
developed legs. It differs, however, in having a transverse genital
opening, and in the absence of receptacula semi iris in the female.

Only the following species is known :

12. OPISTHOPATUS CINCTIPES, n. sp.

Characters. Claw-bearing legs 16 pairs ; the middle spinous pad
broad, two to three times as wide as the proximal pad. Papillae of
dorsal and lateral surfaces cylindrical or clavate, many of them being
enlarged in the distal part and constricted towards the middle or
base, mostly flat-topped at apex.

Length of spirit specimen 21 mm., breadth 3^ mm.

Colour of spirit specimens. Dorsal and lateral surfaces very dark
green, the lateral band on each side just above the bases of the legs
paler green. The ordinary papillae very dark, almost black in the
distal part, the orange-brown papillae scattered amongst these in the
same proportion as in P. balfouri, with or without dark green round
the tips. Dark medio-dorsal stripe distinct, divided longitudinally
in places by a fine white line.

Outer surface of legs and the sides of the body between the legs
dark green, with numerous dark-green papillae and a small number
of orange-brown ones. Ventral surface of legs peculiarly marked
with transverse bands of pale papillae, alternating with similar bands
of dark-green ones. Spinous pads green, the proximal pad and the
.proximal part of the middle pad generally yellowish.

Ventral surface of body pallid, pigmented with dark green in the
pores at the bases of the legs, and, in one specimen, on an irregular
median area behind each pair of legs. Numerous more or less dark-
green papillae are scattered over the whole surface.

Locality. Two specimens (one of which on opening proved to be
a female) from Dunbrody, near Blue Cliff Station, Uitenhage Div.
(Rev. J. A. O'Neil, 1898).

South African Species of Pcni>atid(c. 351

The following form of uncertain position is unknown to me :

PEBIPATUS BREVIS, Blainville.

Page 8 of Gervais' Etude pour servir a 1'histoire natur. des
Myriap., in : Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), vii., 1837.

Black above, pallid below, with 14 pairs of legs; length 43 mm.,
breadth 4 mm. Found under a stone in a wood on Table Mountain.
(Quoted from Sedgwick, 1898.) Moseley considers this species to
be capensis badly described. The circumstance that it appears never
to have been found again certainly lends colour to this view.

Synopsis of the named South African Species.

A. Genital opening longitudinal, situated between a pair of rudimentary
(sometimes quite obsolete) legs Gen. PERIPATOPSIS, Poc.

a. These legs with neither claws nor rudiments of feet.

a 1 . Seventeen pairs of claw-bearing legs. Cape Penin. P. capensis (Grube).

b 1 . Twenty-one to twenty-two pairs of claw-bearing legs. King William's
Town and Natal P. mosclcyi (Wood-M.).

b. These legs with normal feet and claws.

a-. None of the dorsal and lateral papillae clavate.

a 3 . Eighteen pairs of claw-bearing legs. Cape Penin., Clanwilliam.

P. balfouri (Sedgw.).

i\ Twenty-one to twenty-two pairs of claw-bearing legs. Cape Penin.

P. leonina, n. sp.

c 3 . Twenty pairs of claw-bearing legs. Knysna, Graham's Town.

P. scdgwicki, n. sp.

b-. Many of the papillae of the upper surface of body clavate, being en-
larged in the apical part ; seventeen pairs of claw-bearing legs. Knysna.

P. clavigera, n. sp.

B. Genital opening a transverse slit situated between the last pair of legs, which
are normal and not reduced in size Gen. OPISTHOPATUS, nov.

Claw-bearing legs sixteen pairs. Uitenhage Div O. cinctipes, 11 sp.

Doubtful species with fourteen pairs of legs. Table Mountain.

Pcripatiis brcvis, Blainv.

(352)

X. A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillidce
(Order Hymen opt era}. By L. PEBINGUEY, Assistant Director.

(Plate VIII.)

I HAD barely completed my Description of some New or Little Known
South African Mutillidte, when the number of these insects in the
cabinet was increased by 26 hitherto undescribed species ; sexes of
seven species were ascertained, and the number of South African
Mutillidce described is now 169, w r hile that of which both sexes are
known with certainty is 16.

The Museum is indebted for that considerable increase mainly to
the generosity of Mr. G. A. K. Marshall, who collected in the neigh-
bourhood of Salisbury, Mashonaland, Mr. C. N. Barker, of Durban,
Natal, Eev. J. A. O'Neil, whose captures were made in the Uiten-
hage district, and to Dr. H. Brauns, late of Port Elizabeth, Cape
Colony. To the latter I am indebted for the communication of the
$ of M. tauriceps, Kohl., which, in my opinion, is probably identical
with H. deform is, Sm.

The Eev. J. A. O'Neil has hit upon a very interesting mode of capture
of both sexes by the so-called " sembling " method. He finds that by
seizing hold of the female in such a way as to induce her to produce
her well-known stridulating noise, the males immediately appear and
swarm round, and even settle on the hand of the captor, and are
easily secured. In that way he obtained both sexes of M. cloantha
and M. liecuba, and the identity of the last-named species has been
verified by the capture in coittl made quite independently by Dr.
Brauns.

I have received from Mr. Marshall and Mr. Barker both sexes
of two species caught in copula. The grasp of the $ was not
relaxed in death. The pairing takes place in the air, the male grasp-

A Contribution to the Knowledge, oj South African Mutillida. 353

ing the neck of the female by means of his long mandibles, and the
abdomen of the latter is stretched to the utmost and held in position
by the hind legs, and perhaps also by the anal spines.

I have not attempted another key for the 32 species or sexes
described in this paper. I have generally compared them to species
already described, and where I did not do so I have endeavoured to
have the insect fairly figured.

From the little light afforded by the ascertaining of the identity of
sexes, I am of opinion that nearly all the African species will be easily
grouped round certain well-defined male forms, and that certain
characters now made use of for trying to reduce that world-spread
genus into something like order, will no longer be so much depended
upon.

I find that in my previous paper on the South African Mutillidcs I
have made use of names already preoccupied, and I propose, there-
fore, to change Mutilla ariadna into M. hcbe ; M. acidalia into M.
antifjone ; Af. bellona into J/. deiadama ; J/. cassiopc into M.
canace ; M. dotJio into M. liriope ; 31. electro, into M. philomcla ;
M. hecate into M. atracis ; M. Icda into M. autonoe ; M. megara into
M. oxyroe; M. pandora into Af. daphne; M. proserpina into J/.
charicloe; and M. tisiphone into J/. thymela.

FAMILY MUTILLID^E.

GEN. MUTILLA, Linn.,
Syst. natur., ed. 10ft, 1758, pp. 343-582.

MUTILLA CLOANTHA, Per.,
Annals S. Afr. Museum, i., p. 89.

Plate VIII., figs. 18, 20.

? . Black, dotted with black and whitish hairs not densely set,
the black hairs occur on the head and thorax, the white, which are
silvery, are found on the basal joints of antennas, the legs, the under
side, and more sparsely on the abdomen ; head nearly quadrate,
much narrower than the prothorax, closely foveolato-punctate, eyes
large, reaching to a short distance from the outer angle, which is
slightly rounded, antennal tubercle reddish ; prothorax truncate,
somewhat diagonally at apex from the centre to the apical angle,

354 Annals of tJtc South African Museum.

gradually ampliated from the apex to the top of the declivity, where
it is about one-fourth broader than at apex, slightly emarginate
laterally in the median part, and with the anterior angle of the
emargination distinct, abruptly truncate behind, w T ith the meta-
thorax divided from the mesothorax by a distinct transverse
groove, closely and irregularly foveate, scrobiculate on the m eta-
thorax, with the intervals raised and forming a not very conspicuous
serration on the sides ; abdomen sub-sessile, first and second seg-
ments covered with very much elongated deep punctures the
intervals of which are raised and somewhat strigillate ; there is a
narrow sub-flavescent band on the apical part of the first segment,
a more or less ovate one in the median part of the second, and a
band on the third and fourth ; the legs are slightly rufescent, and the
tibise are bi-spinose ; ventral carina of first segment carinate, truncate
at both ends, and sharply spinose at apex. Length 9| 11 mm.
Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Eev. J. A. O'Neil.

MUTILLA HECUBA.

3 . Black, with the first and second segments pale red, third and
fourth abdominal segments banded and with a sub-flavescent pubes-
cence ; head quadrate, nearly twice as broad as long, straight
laterally with the posterior angles not rounded, eyes large, deeply
emarginate but not reaching the median part of the sides, deeply
and closely punctured, clothed with some dusky hairs, and in the
frontal part by a very thick flavescent pubescence ; thorax foveo-
lato-punctate, and broadly foveate on the metathorax, prothorax
clothed with a thick flavescent pubescence; mesothorax with two
longitudinal grooves on each side of the median part, tegulae black,
wings smoky, deeper at tip ; scutellum raised, covered with long,
dense, flavescent hairs ; metathorax a little attenuate laterally
behind, with the posterior angles rounded, declivous, and having a
median longitudinal groove reaching from the base to a very short
distance from the declivity and interrupted at tip by a transverse
ridge ; first abdominal segment moderately short, gradually ampliated
from the base, where it is dentate, and a little further distinctly
angulate on each side, also very little coarctate, and not narrower at
apex than the basal part of the second segment, which is slightly
broader than long ; both these segments are very closely and some-
what deeply punctured, and have a shagreened appearance, the other
segments are finely punctured ; ventral carina laminate, emarginate

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillidce. 355

in the middle, truncate at both ends and with the apical angle sharp
and elongated ; tibiae spinose. Length 15 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O'Neil, Dr. H.
Brauns.

I know now both sexes of M. cloantha and of M. hecuba, caught
in coitil and by " sembling." I have ascertained that M. alcyone,
Per., is the female of M. exaltata, Sm. These three species, and also
M. tyro, Per., the female of which is yet unknown, form a very homo
geneous group, both sexes of which are closely allied respectively to
one another, and the species of which could be differentiated as-
follows :

Males.

First and second abdo-
minal segments red, infus-
cate at tip.

Mesothorax with a median
groove and a raised line or
groove on each side ; rneta-
thorax with a short median
longitudinal groove inter-
rupted by a transverse
carina.

Females.

Black, with the thorax
red.

Prothorax covered with
flavescent hairs, third and
fourth abdominal segments
with a flavescent band . . exaltata.

Apical edge of third abdo-
minal segment only with a
flavescent band . . . . . cloantha.

Head, scutellum, and
metathorax clothed with a
flavescent pubescence, third
and fourth abdominal seg-
ments banded Jiecuba.

Metathorax only covered
with flavescent hairs, and
naving a broad longitudinal
median groove rounded at
tip, and not interrupted by
transverse ridge, third
abdominal segment banded tyro.

Second abdominal seg-
ment with one median,
round, whitish spot, third
segment with a white band exaltata.

Second abdominal seg-
ment with one median,
round, whitish spot, third
and fourth segment with a
white band cloantha.

Second abdominal seg-
ment with a moderately
small, round, median spot,
and on each side of it a fla-
vescent, pubescent patch,
third and fourth segments
banded . hecuba.

Female unknown.

24

356 Annals of the South African Museum.

MUTILLA PSAMB1ATHE.

2 . Black, with the upper part of the thorax red ; covered with
rigid, black and greyish hairs not closely set, third abdominal
segment with a transverse yellowish white band interrupted
longitudinally in the middle and not reaching the outer sides ; head
broader than long on the vertex, a little rounded laterally behind
the eyes which are large, roughly foveate and set with a short, not
thick slightly flavescent pubescence ; thorax as broad as the head
across the vertex, one-third longer than broad, nearly parallel but
for a slight sinuation at about the median part, sloping slightly from
the median part to the outer angle in front, perpendicular behind,
covered with large, elongate foveas, with the intervals raised, sharp
and wavy; abdomen pyriform, sub-sessile, first joint seemingly
impunctate, second covered with elongated punctures, with fine
raised intervals very closely set, the first segment has no pubescent
white band, but is beset principally at base with long erect greyish
hairs similar to those covering the legs, sides and under side of
the abdomen ; the second segment has no apical pubescent band,
but I am of opinion, judging by the punctuation of the apical part,
that the pubescence has been rubbed ; ventral carina laminate with
both ends truncate and a little sharp at tip ; tibiae with a double row
of spines, spurs white, pygidium very closely and finely punctured.
Length 9^ mm.

$ . Black, with the whole thorax red, clothed with dense greyish
white hairs, apex of first and second abdominal segments fringed
with a white pubescence, third segment entirely clothed with the
same pubescence ; head more than twice broader than long on the
vertex, rounded a little in the posterior angles, eyes large, not
emarginate, deeply and closely pitted ; mesothorax with two longi-
tudinal median grooves, tegulae dark red, wings smoky from base to
apex, scutellum much raised, nearly round, fringed with closely set,
long greyish hairs, metathorax constricted at base, a little ampliated
behind with the posterior angles quite rounded, abruptly declivous,
more broadly foveate than the pro- and mesothorax ; first abdominal
segment moderately long, sharply dentate on each side at base,
gradually ampliated from there to the apex where it is as broad as the
base of the second segment which seems the continuation of it, and
is very little broader than long ; they are both closely punctured
with smooth intervals ; the ventral carina of the first segment is
laminiforrn and truncate at both ends, and slightly emarginate in
the middle ; the tibiae have one series of spines, and the spurs are
ivory-white. Length 12 mm.

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African 31 nt Hilda. 357

Both sexes resemble M. purpurata, Sm., the J is distinguished
by the thorax more parallel, not attenuated in the anterior part and
less emarginate at about the median part, the elongated punctures
on the second segment are also much more pronounced, and the
abdomen is a little more sessile ; the $ resembles very much that
of M. purpurata, but the whole thorax is red, the metathorax is a
little more constricted at the base, the punctures on the second
segment are not so confluent, and the apical white band of the
second segment is hardly interrupted in the centre.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

(FEMALES.)

MUTILLA CELIMENE,

Plate VIII., fig. 29.

? . Ferruginous red, abdomen black with the exception of the first
segment which is also red, second abdominal segment with a basal
median flavescent ovate round patch and two lateral and one median
arranged transversely near the apical part, the three apical segments
are banded with a sub-flavescent whitish pubescence ; head rounded,
smaller than the thorax, eyes large, lateral, reaching further than the
median part of the outer sides which are very much rounded ; it is
covered with a flavescent pubescence interspersed with a few rigid
hairs, and is very rugose ; thorax very irregularly foveolate, nearly
straight at apex, slightly rounded laterally near the anterior angle,
of nearly equal width from the anterior part to about the median
part where it is very slightly incised, and from there slightly but
gradually attenuated as far as the posterior declivity which bears
a small but distinct sharp tubercle in the middle, and where it is
slightly narrower than at the apical part ; the sides are not serrulate,
and it is covered with a flavescent pubescence; abdomen briefly
sub-pedunculate, basal segment fringed with dense silky hairs
forming almost a band, the second segment is a little longer than
broad, covered with long, foveate punctures hidden by a dense black
pubescence, from which emerge some black and greyish hairs, the
pygidium is denuded and distinctly strigillate longitudinally ; tibiae
with a double series of spines, spurs white. Length 7 mm.

Allied to M. anna, Per., from which it differs by the shape of the
thorax, which is not quite so attenuate behind, and by the arrange-
ment of the white abdominal spots and bands which approximate
very much that of M. tcttensis, Gerst.

Hab. Mozambique (Louren9o Marques). G. A. K. Marshall.

358 Annals of the South African Museum.

MUTILLA OPIS.

Black, covered a brief flavescent pubescence and a few moderately
long greyish hairs ; antennae rufescent, apical and basal part of legs
and the whole of the tarsi rufescent ; thorax red, abdomen black,
and with two median flavescent patches on the second segment,
all the four apical segments fringed with dense sub-flavescent hairs,
not dense or short enough to form a band ; head large, quadrate, but
a little rounded in the posterior angles, broader than the thorax,
eyes large, lateral but hardly reaching the median part of the outer
sides which are straight, frontal part with two very distinct, small
tubercles above the point of insertion of antennas ; the whole head
is covered with closely set punctures without raised intervals ; thorax
sloping slightly at each side of the apex, with the anterior angles
sharp and projecting, sub-parallel but a little narrowed gradually
towards the posterior declivity, and slightly emarginate towards the
median part ; it is closely punctate, the punctures are slightly
foveolate and closely set, and the sides are serrulate from the
anterior angle to the bottom of the declivity ; abdomen sessile,
somewhat pyriform, sharply dentate at base, first segment as broad
at apex as the base of the second, which is nearly as broad as long,
and both covered with very closely set, small elongate punctures,
the other segments are more finely punctured, and the pygidial area
is finely striolate longitudinally ; ventral carina of first segment
laminate, sharply truncate at apex ; tibiae with a double series of
spines, spurs white. Length 6|- mm.

Very closely allied to M. perse, Per. ; the head, although broad,
is not quite so wide, the thorax is a little more emarginate laterally,
the two spots on the second abdominal segment are smaller and
equi-distant from centre and outer margin, and the pygidium is very
closely striolate instead of being very finely rugose.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O'Neil.

MUTILLA EUTERPE,
Plate VIII., fig. 10.

Head, antennas, thorax and legs light ferruginous-red ; abdomen
black with a small elongate central white spot on the second
segment, third joint clothed with a silky white band ; head large,
wider than the thorax, quadrate, as broad as long on the vertex,
eyes large, lateral, reaching only the median part of the outer
sides, very rugose, sub-strigillate in the anterior part of the vertex,

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillidce. 359

clothed with a whitish slightly flavescent pubescence and with hardly
any erect hairs ; thorax elongate, very nearly parallel, truncate at
both ends with the angles sharp, outer sides pluri-dentate, edge of
the posterior declivity with a spine on each side and one in the
centre ; it is foveolato-punctate and clothed with a very short, sub-
flavescent pubescence, with the sides, and especially the declivous
part, set with long, flavescent hairs; abdomen sessile, pyriform, basal
segment very nearly as broad at apex as the base of the second,
punctulate, second segment as broad as long and very closely
punctured ; the three apical segments, principally the last, are
clothed with greyish white hairs which do not, however, form bands ;
intermediate and posterior tibiae with a single series of spines, spurs
whitish ; pygidial area finely striolate. Length 5 mm.

Hab. Natal (Durban). C. N. Barker.

Easily distinguished by the shape of the head and prothorax from
all the South African species having a single median white spot on
the second abdominal segment.

MUTILLA ANDROMACHE.

$ . Black, covered with black hairs, greyish on the sides, the
frontal part of the head and the legs, second and third abdominal
segments with a slightly flavescent pubescent band fringing the
former and covering the latter but broadly interrupted in the centre ;
head deeply and closely pitted, a little narrower than the apical part
of the thorax, nearly truncate behind, but with the posterior angles
rounded, eyes large, reaching beyond the median part of the sides ;
thorax nearly straight at apex, a little ampliated diagonally from the
outer angle to about one-third of the length, where it is slightly
aculeate, a little attenuate from there to the posterior declivity which
is very abrupt and where it is about one-fifth narrower than the
apical part, not serrulate or emarginate laterally ; it is foveolate with
the intervals sharp, those in the centre of the anterior part are less
wavy, and sharper ; abdomen sessile, first and second joint some-
what regularly strigillate ; the former has no white pubescent
patch and the band edging the second segment is nearly as broad
as the one covering the dorsal surface of the third ; intermediate
tibiae with a double series of spines, posterior ones with a single row,
spurs white. Length 10 mm.

Allied to M. horrida, Sm. ; the shape of the head, thorax, and
abdomen is similar, but there is no white patch on the first

360 Annals of tlic South African Museum.

abdominal segment, and the second is fringed with an interrupted
white band, which is wanting in M. liorrida.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

MUTILLA IDIA.

$ . Black, with the thorax red, abdomen with an apical silvery
white band fringing the first and second abdominal segments, and
very slightly interrupted in the centre, third segment with a very
short lateral band ; head deeply and closely pitted, moderately
truncate at base, a little rounded and ampliated laterally, eyes set
laterally, and reaching nearly but not quite the median part of the
sides ; it is clothed with a few long black bristles interspersed with
shorter greyish hairs, denser on the frontal part and on the basal
joint of antennae, and is about the same width as the apical part
of the thorax ; mandibles long, sharp, with the inner edge tri-sinuate ;
thorax somewhat semicircular in front, gradually ampliated from
the outer anterior angle to a short distance from the median part
where it is distinctly aculeate, and gradually narrowed from there to
the posterior declivity, which is quite perpendicular, and less than
half the width of the apical part ; the outer sides have three
serrations from the anterior angle to the aculeate tuberculated part,
and are moderately emarginate for a very short distance behind it ;
it is deeply and irregularly foveolate ; abdomen sub-sessile, first basal
joint with a distinct, sharp lateral spine on either side, and as broad
at apex as the base of the second segment which is one-fourth less
broad than long ; both are covered with very closely set elongate
punctures with the intervals slightly raised ; it is clothed with
greyish and black, moderately dense, hairs, and the second and third
segments have a conspicuous silky white pubescent ventral band ;
carina of first ventral segment laminate, aculeate at base; tibiae
clothed with densely set greyish-white hairs, spines on tibiae very
conspicuous. Length 13^ mm.

Hab. Zambesia (? Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

The shape of the thorax approximates that of M. bauds, Per. ;
the species, however, is a very distinct one.

MUTILLA CLYTEMNESTRA,

Plate VIII., fig. 9.

$ . Black, covered with greyish- white hairs very dense on the
cheeks, the frontal part of the head and the legs ; thorax red, first

A Contribution to the Knowledge, of South African Mutillida. 361

abdominal segment with a slightly flavescent white patch on each
side, second segment with a similar apical patch placed at equal
distance from the centre and the outer side, third segment with a
lateral patch more elongate than the one above it and reaching
nearly the outer angle but not quite in a line with the patch on the
basal segment ; head very broadly foveate, truncate behind, a little
attenuate in front, slightly ampliated laterally behind the eyes which
are not very large and are placed forward, mandibles broad at apex,
forcipate and bluntly tri-dentate at tip ; thorax narrower than the
head, elongate, gradually attenuate from the anterior to the posterior
part, about one-fifth longer than broad, somewhat angulated laterally
about one-third of the length, prothorax nearly truncate, outer sides
very little ernarginate laterally, declivity very abrupt ; it is covered
with foveae with the intervals raised, sharp and wavy, but more
longitudinal in the anterior median part ; abdomen sessile, basal
segment with a sharp basal tooth on each side, as broad at apex as
the basal part of the second, which is a little longer than broad and
closely but irregularly strigillate, the basal one is more roughly
strigillate ; the pygidium and the under side of the abdominal
segments are clothed with dense greyish-white hairs ; the tibiae have
two series of closely set conspicuous spines., and the spurs are ivory-
white ; the ventral carina of the basal segment is short and sharp
and gradually sloping from base to apex. Length 13-13A- mm.

Hab. Zarnbesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

Probably closely allied to M. ignava, Sm., which is not represented
in the Museum Collection.

MUTILLA

Plate VIII., fig. 2.

? . Upper part of head, antennae, thorax, tibiae and tarsi red,,
under side of head, abdomen, and femora black, second abdominal
segment with a basal median flavescent, more or less round, patch and
a supra-lateral one on each side, third and fourth abdominal seg-
ments with a slightly flavescent band ; head closely foveolate, very
quadrate in front owing to the genae being produced in a sharp
angular process, transverse on the vertex, nearly truncate behind,
eyes large, lateral, reaching beyond the median part of the outer sides
which are straight ; it is covered with a flavescent pubescence inter-
mingled with long black hairs ; thorax nearly straight at apex with
the outer angles somewhat rounded, elongate, of equal width for
about one-half of the length, narrower and nearly parallel from there

-362 Annals of tlie SoutJi African Museum.

to the posterior declivity which is vertical ; it is closely and irregu-
larly foveolate, and the line dividing the metathorax from the meso-
thorax is visible, the outer sides are not serrulate, and there is only
a very small, hardly noticeable lateral tubercle at- the junction of the
meso- and metathorax ; abdomen nearly sessile, basal joint very
short, dentate on each side at the base, not so broad at apex as the
base of the second segment which is nearly one-third longer than
broad, and covered for two-thirds of the length with longitudinal,
slightly wavy raised lines ; ventral carina of first segment short,
laminate, truncate at both ends, and slightly emarginate near the
centre ; tibiae with a very distinct double series of spines, spurs
reddish ; pygidium finely aciculate longitudinally. Length 8-11 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Eev. J. A. O'Neil.

Belongs to the same group as M. agave ? , Per. ; it is easily
recognised by the quadrate form of the cheeks, which are very
angular at apex.

MUTILLA THAIS,

Plate VIII., fig. 28.

? . Black, with the antennas sub-rufescent for half the length, ver-
tical part of the head with a sub-rufescent posterior patch ; thorax
red, abdomen with the first and second segments fringed with a
narrow silky white pubescent band, second segment with an ovate
white patch in the centre of the base, third segment banded with
white ; head a little broader than the apex of the thorax, nearly
twice as broad as long on the vertex, eyes large, lateral, reaching to a
little beyond the outer sides which are a little diagonal, deeply and
closely pitted, and clothed with a very short flavescent pubescence
and a few long black hairs ; thorax elongate, straight at apex but
with the outer angle a little rounded, nearly parallel for half the
length, slightly and gradually, but not very conspicuously, narrowed
from there to the posterior declivity where it is about one-third
narrower than at apex; it is closely pitted and clothed with a
very short, not dense, flavescent pubescence and a few black
hairs, the outer margin is not serrulate except along the posterior
declivity, the upper part of which, however, is also slightly
serrulate and has a distinct median tubercle ; first abdominal seg-
ment nodose, sharply dentate on each side at base, one-third
narrower at apex than the base of the second one which is ovate,
and both covered with very closely set, slightly elongate punc-
tures hidden by a dense black pubescence ; ventral carina of first
abdominal segment long and very deeply emarginate in the centre;

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillidce. 363

tibiae with a double series of spines, spurs whitish, pygidial area
strigillate longitudinally. Length 7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth). Dr. H. Brauns.

MUTILLA DEIANIEA,

Plate VIII., fig. 22.

5 . Black, with the antennas and legs rufescent, head with a
rufescent patch on the vertex, thorax red, abdomen with two round
flavescent patches on the second segment, equi - distant from the
median part and from the outer margin, and situated a little nearer
to the base than to the apex, third, fourth, and fifth segments banded
with a whitish, slightly flavescent pubescence, apical segment reddish,
finely strigillate longitudinally ; head broader than the thorax, nearly
twice as broad as long on the vertex, eyes lateral, not reaching quite
the median part of the outer sides which are straight, and deeply and
closely punctured ; the punctures are elongate, and the whole surface
is clothed with a very short sub-flavescent pubescence; the size of the
rufescent patch varies, and the whole of the basal part is sometimes
rufescent ; thorax sub-parallel, moderately short, slightly sloping
diagonally on each side at apex, emarginate laterally at about the
median part, outer margins slightly serrulate ; it is clothed with a
by no means dense flavescent pubescence and a few long flavescent
hairs, and is closely foveolato-punctate ; abdomen pyriform, second
segment covered with closely set punctures, slightly elongate in the
anterior part ; ventral carina short, sharply aculeate at apex ; tibiae
with a double series of spines, spurs white. Length 6^ mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O'Neil.

Allied to M. acrisione, P6r., but smaller; the head and the pro-
thorax especially are much less roughly foveolate, and the intervals
of the latter are not longitudinally carinate ; in M. acrisione only the
third and fourth abdominal segments have a white band.

MUTILLA DUCETIS.

? . Black ; antennae, with the exception of the basal joint which is
black, slightly rufescent, thorax red, abdomen with all the segments
fringed with a narrow silky white band ; head slightly narrower than
the apical part of the thorax, closely foveolato-punctate, very briefly
pubescent, eyes small, set much forward, genae projecting under-
neath, outer sides rounded behind ; thorax truncate at apex, parallel
or very nearly so for half the length, and gradually narrowed from

364 Annals of the South African Museum.

there to the posterior declivity where it is half the width of the apex,
anterior and lateral margins verrucose, that of the posterior declivity
serrulate laterally, clothed with a somewhat dense flavescent pubes-
cence, and very closely foveolato-punctate ; abdomen elongate,
sessile, first joint sharply dentate at base, very briefly stalked,
much ampliated from near the base, somewhat transverse owing to
the sides being straight, second joint oblongo-ovate, and both covered
with deep and closely set rough punctures ; tibiae with a double
series of spines, spurs rufescent. Length 7 mm.

Closely allied to M. aglae, Per. ; the sculpture, markings, and
shape of abdomen are nearly identical, but the shape of the pro-
thorax is different ; it is not so elongate, is more parallel for nearly
half the length, and then attenuated from there only towards the
base, the outer margin is distinctly verrucose, which is not the case
in M. aglae.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth). Dr. H. Brauns.

MUTILLA DUNBBODIA,

Plate VIII., tig. 17.

5 . Black, with the two basal joints of antennae reddish, prothorax
red, second segment of abdomen with two median silky yellow
patches equi-distant from the centre and the outer sides, third,
fourth, and fifth clothed with a slightly flavescent band, last seg-
ment rufescent, faintly striolate on the upper part ; head nearly twice
as broad as long on the vertex, eyes nearly lateral but with the
genae slightly projecting underneath, base sinuate in the centre,
antennal tubercles well developed ; it is slightly wider than the pro-
thorax, and covered with very fine, closely set punctures ; thorax
with the apical margin angular on each side of the neck and with
the outer angle very sharp, diagonal from the outer apical angle to
about the median part, where it is deeply emarginate in a semi-
circular way above the angle of the posterior declivity and there
slightly narrower than at apex, the margins are distinctly carinate,
and the whole surface is covered with moderately broad punctures,
and clothed with a fine, decumbent, flavescent pubescence ; abdomen
sessile, second segment globose and covered with very closely set,
round punctures ; the legs are slightly rufescent, with the femora
and sometimes the joints of antennae, with the exception of the
two basal ones, piceous-red ; tibiae with a double series of spines,
spurs white. Length 64- mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Eev. J. A. O'Neil.

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillidce. 365

MUTILLA ELMIRA.

$ . Black, with the prothorax red, one apical silky white patch in
the median part of the first abdominal segment, a supra-lateral one
on each side of the second segment as well as an apical one in the
middle, and a band of the same white pubescence on the third,
clothed with greyish-white hairs, black on the head, which is large,
as broad as long on the vertex, one-third wider than the thorax at
apex, eyes not large, not lateral, gense projecting much underneath,
nearly straight at base, deeply foveate, but with the foveae closely
set, clothed with a whitish, somewhat dense pubescence ; thorax
short, nearly straight at apex, gradually attenuated laterally from
apex to base where it is about one-third narrower, hardly emarginate
laterally, covered with longitudinal carinse, nearly parallel in the
centre, more wavy laterally and sharp from the very edge of the
apex to that of the declivity where they form a distinct serration,
but the outer margin is serrulate right to the end of the posterior
declivity ; abdomen sessile, pyriform, basal joint sharply dentate on
each side, second joint a little broader than long, and both strigillate;
pygidium also distinctly but more closely strigillate ; ventral carina
of first segment short, slanting at apex ; tibiae with a double series
of spines, spurs black. Length 12 mm.

Eesembles in general appearance and also in markings M. agave,
Per., but it is easily differentiated by the shape of the thorax which
is more attenuated behind, and covered with more regularly longitu-
dinal and also sharper carinae.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

(MALES.)

MUTILLA DICE.

$ . Black, with the thorax dull red, clothed with long greyish
hairs, denser on the edge of all the abdominal segments where they
form a distinct fringe but no band ; head quadrate, nearly as broad
as long on the vertex with the sides straight, eyes large, set in the
anterior angle of the head, bulging, not emarginate and reaching only
to about one-third of the length of the sides, it is very closely punc-
tured, and the punctures are deep ; thorax red, deeply foveolato-
punctate with the metathorax foveate, mesothorax with two dorsal
longitudinal grooves, scutellum raised, rounded, metathorax abruptly

366 Annals of the South African Museum.

sloping from near the base ; tegulse red, wings fumose, infuscate at
tip ; first abdominal segment pedunculate, nodose at apex, nearly as
long as the second one and planted on the top of it, both the first and
second segments are closely punctured with the intervals slightly
raised ; tibiae not spinose. Length 8 mm.

A close ally of M. egeria, from which it differs by the colour of the
thorax.

Hob. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Eev. J. A. O'Neil.

MUTILLA CLELIA.

<? Head black, deeply and closely scrobiculate, clothed with
long black setae interspersed with a few greyish ones, nearly twice
as broad as long on the vertex, with the sides parallel and the base
nearly straight ; eyes large, not emarginate, situated in the anterior
angle of the vertex and reaching the median part of the outer side,
the central part of the vertex has a small protuberance on which are
situated the ocelli ; thorax red on the upper part and sides and nearly
hexagonal, prothorax truncate at apex, a little broader than the
head, mesothorax convex, not grooved longitudinally, scutellum very
prominent, rounded behind and deeply emarginate in the centre,
metathorax sub-quadrate, posterior angles nearly straight ; it is
roughly scrobiculate, and clothed with not very dense but long black
hairs turning to white on the edge of the scutellum and on the sides ;
abdominal segments closely foveolate, basal segment nodose, with the
pedunculate part very short, implanted on the second one which is
nearly orbicular, apical part of the basal and second segments with
a dense, moderately narrow band of silvery white pubescence, third
segment entirely white ; legs clothed with long greyish-white hairs,
tibiae not spinose ; wings hyaline at base for about one-third of the
length, the rest fuscous ; ventral carina of first segment sharp, trun-
cate and sharply aculeate at base. Length 14 mm.

Eesembles M. mnemosidcs $ , Per., but the thorax is much more
angular laterally in the middle, and is totally red, and the third
segment is clothed with a white pubescent band.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

The three species following belong to a very distinct group with
black thorax, of which no ? is known. They are somewhat alike,
and the females will very likely prove to be also very similar to one

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillidce. 367

another. The following synoptic table might help in distinguishing
the species :

A 2 . MESOTHOBAX PRODUCED BEHIND ON EACH SIDE

IN A HORIZONTAL DENTIFORM PROCESS ; FIRST VEN-
TRAL SEGMENT WITH A LAMINATE CARINA NOT
TOOTHED AT APEX, SECOND SEGMENT WITH A VERY
DISTINCT VENTRAL CARINA.

a 2 . Prothorax clothed with flavescent or yellow
hairs.

b" 2 . Mesothorax with two longitudinal grooves.

Third abdominal segment with a white pubescent
band acidalia, Per.

No white band on any of the abdominal segments autonoi 1 , Per.

Apical part of second segment and the whole of
third and fourth orange-yellow meliccrta, Sm.

a 1 . Prothorax not clothed with flavescent hairs.
b\ Mesothorax with no longitudinal groove.

Second and third abdominal segments with a lateral
white patch godefrcdi, Sich. & Radoz.

Apex of second and the whole of the third segment
white corypliasia, Per.

A 1 . MESOTHORAX NOT PRODUCED BEHIND, FIRST VEN-
TRAL SEGMENT TOOTHED AT APEX, SECOND SEG-
MENT WITHOUT A VENTRAL CARINA.

Third abdominal segment with a white band, inter-
rupted longitudinally in the middle creilsa, Per.

MUTILLA CORYPHASIA.

df . Totally black, and clothed with long black hairs densely set,
apical part of the basal and second segment fringed with a silky
white pubescence ; head transverse, twice as broad as long on the
vertex, sides straight, eyes large, not emarginate, projecting, reaching
to about the median part of the outer side, very roughly punctured
and clothed with densely set long black hairs without any admixture
of white ones ; prothorax scrobiculate, mesothorax without any longi-
tudinal grooves, produced behind on each side in a dentiform, slightly
grooved, horizontal process, scutellum rounded, raised, metathorax
sub-elongato-quadrate, posterior angles bluntly rounded ; tegulae

368 Annals of the South African Museum.

black, wings with a chalybeate tinge ; basal segment of abdomen
petiolate, moderately long, one-third narrower at apex than the base
of the second segment, the latter is orbicular, and both are covered
with deep elongate punctures with strigillate intervals, the other
segments are closely punctured ; the ventral carina of the first seg-
ment is very distinctly laminate at the base, and the second segment
which is deeply and irregularly pitted has a sharp median carina
reaching from base to apex ; tibiae without spines. Length 14 mm.

Allied to M. godcfredi, Sich. and Ead., and M. acidalia, Per.

Hab. Zambesia (Lesapi Eiver). G. A. K. Marshall.

MUTILLA AUTINOE.

$ . Totally black, with long black hairs except on the prothorax,
which is clothed with densely set decumbent golden yellow hairs,
the hairs on the vertex of the head are intermingled with fulvous
ones ; shape and sculpture of the head similar to that of M . cory-
phasia, eyes not emarginate ; pro- and mesothorax closely and
deeply foveolato-punctate, mesothorax with two distinct longitudinal
median grooves and produced behind on each side in a dentiform
process with carinate edges, scutellum raised, sub-aculeate behind,
tegulaB black, w T ings fumose and with a slight chalybeate tinge, meta-
thorax scrobiculate, sub-quadrate with the angles rounded ; first
abdominal segment short, nodose, distinctly bi-deiitate at base, one-
fourth narrower at apex than the base of the second segment which
is rounded, very convex, and as long as broad, the first segment and
the second for two-thirds of the length are deeply pitted with the
intervals raised, there is no trace of any pubescent white band on
any of the abdominal segments ; the carina on the first and second
segment of the abdomen is similar to that of M. coryphasia.

Allied to M. acidalia, Per., and M. melicerta, Sm. ; the shape of
the abdomen is nearer to that of the last-named species.

MUTILLA ABTEMISIA.

$ . Black, clothed with dense black hairs, third abdominal segment
covered with a silky white pubescent band narrowly interrupted
longitudinally in the centre, the last two abdominal segments covered
with a white pubescence ; head transverse, roughly punctured on
the vertex, straight laterally, eyes large, reaching the median part of
the outer sides, emarginate, frontal parts with a few fuscous hairs ;
thorax roughly punctured, mesothorax much raised, and with two

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillidce. 369

moderately distinct longitudinal grooves, truncate behind, scutellum
raised, rounded, a little aculeate behind ; tegulae nearly black, wings
sub-chalybeate, met,athorax elongate, attenuate from the median part
towards the apex, foveolate and with a distinct median longitudinal
ridge reaching from base to apex ; first abdominal segment of
abdomen moderately long, not very slender and angular on each
side at base, hardly narrower at apex than the base of the second,
which is rounded laterally, and one-quarter longer than broad, both
these segments are closely punctured without any raised intervals ;
tibicB without any spine, spurs except the anterior ones ivory-white ;
ventral carina of the first segment sharp and produced at apex in a
distinct tooth, second abdominal segment without a carina. Length
16 mm.

This species might prove to be identical with M. atropos, Sm.

The resemblance with the three preceding species is quite super-
ficial, and is due to the colour ; the shape of the eyes, of the
mesothorax, and of the ventral carina of the first segment is quite
different.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

MUTILLA JEDE.

$ . Head, antennae, tibiae, and tarsi ferruginous-red ; thorax red ;
second abdominal segment with a supra-lateral slightly flavescent
silky patch situated at about the median dorsal part, third and fourth
segment with a band of similar pubescence ; antennae long, slender ;
head rounded laterally behind, very rugose, and clothed with a short
sub-flavescent pubescence and a few long black hairs, eyes large,
lateral, reaching beyond the median part of the outer sides ; ocelli
placed very far back and not very distinct ; thorax elongate, not
truncate at apex, but very little sloping and with the anterior angles
rounded, nearly parallel from the anterior angle to about the median
part, where it is deeply coarctate laterally as well as on the disk,
posterior part, or metathorax, a little raised, convex and vertical
behind, it is closely foveolate, the outer sides are not crenulate,
there is a faint trace of the suture dividing the prothorax from the
mesothorax, the scutellum has disappeared, and the upper angle of
the lateral constriction is a little angular ; above it there is a very
small wart, \vhich seems to be a rudimentary form of the tegula,
and there are no wings ; abdomen sub-sessile, basal segment dentate
on each side, covered with elongated punctures, and at apex half the
width of the base of the second joint, which is one-fourth longer than

370 Annals of the South African Museum.

broad, and covered for three-fourths of the length with closely set,
slightly wavy longitudinal raised lines ; the pygidium is quadrate,
and the lateral apical spines are very short ; ventral carina of first
segment short, laminate, truncate at both ends, a little sharper at
base than at tip ; intermediate tibiae with one spine. Length 9 mm.

This species is closely allied in general appearance to M. proserpina
3- , and I had at first sight taken it for the ? of the said species. It
differs in the shape and size of the head, and also in the markings.
The jaws in both these wingless males are not very much developed.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Eev. J. A. O'Neil.

MUTILLA PHCEBE.

Black, with the prothorax and tegulae red, clothed with greyish
hairs except on the second and the two ultimate abdominal segments
where they are black ; apex of first and second segments fringed
with a slightly flavescent pubescent band, third and fourth segments
clothed with the same pubescence ; head twice as broad as long on
the vertex, scrobiculate, slightly rounded on the posterior angle, eyes
moderately prominent, deeply emarginate ; prothorax deeply and
roughly punctured, metathorax scrobiculate, mesothorax with two
very distinct central longitudinal grooves, tegulae large, wings
infuscate from the middle to the apex ; scutellum raised, rounded
laterally and behind, metathorax very sloping, rounded at the
declivity ; first abdominal segment short, sharply dentate on each
side at base, and a little aculeate at a short distance from the basal
spine, very nodose, as wide at apex as the base of the second
segment which is very globose and one-fourth wider than long ;
both these segments are covered with closely set and deep punctures,
foveate on the whole superficies of the first and on the basal and
lateral parts of the second, ventral carina of the first segment
slightly emarginate, truncate at apex with the upper angle sharp
and projecting ; tibiae without spine, spurs ivory-white. Length
10-11* mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth), Dr. H. Brauns ; (Uitenhage),
Eev. J. A. O'Neil.

MUTILLA CHLORIS.

3 . Totally black, with the tegulae red, clothed with erect dense
white hairs, first and second joints of abdomen with a fairly broad
silky white band, third joint entirely clothed with the same silky

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillidcz. 371

white pubescence ; head transverse, one-third broader than long on
the vertex, deeply punctulato-scrobiculate ; eyes large, deeply
emarginate, and reaching a little past the median part of the sides ;
thorax and scutelmm deeply foveolate, prothorax broad, divided from
the thorax by a very deep sulcus, mesothorax moderately convex,
scutellum convex, broader than long, sloping, slightly rounded
laterally behind and hardly emarginate, metathorax quadrangular
but with the posterior angles a little rounded ; abdomen with the
first and second segments covered with closely set, round punctures,
basal joint nodose, briefly pedunculate, two-thirds narrower at apex
than the second segment at its widest part, the latter round, as broad
as long ; ventral carina of first segment, sharply aculeate, almost
sub-dentiform at tip ; legs covered with white hairs, tibiae not spinose,
spurs of the intermediate and posterior legs white ; wings slightly
infuscate from base to apex. Length 8 mm.

This species should come in the vicinity of M. maja.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

MTTTILLA DAPHNE.

<? . Black, with the prothorax and the upper part of the mesothorax
and the scutellum red, clothed with greyish hairs turning to silvery
white in the frontal part of the head and on the scutellum, apical
part of the first and second segments fringed with a band of silvery-
white pubescence, third segment entirely clothed with the same
white pubescence ; head transverse, nearly twice as wide as long on
the vertex, sides straight, outer angle moderately sharp, eyes large,
not emarginate, reaching a little beyond the median part of the outer
sides ; thorax foveolate, the foveolae very closely set, mesothorax with
a median raised line ; tegulae very large and elongate, wings funiose
from a short distance of the base, scutellum raised, rounded, meta-
thorax deeply foveato-scrobiculate, a little attenuate behind but with
the sides not quite rounded, and very declivous ; basal abdominal
segment short, sharply bi-dentate at base, ampliated from the base,
as broad at apex as the base of the second segment, which looks as
if it were the continuation of it, is globose, and one-third broader than
long, both are deeply foveate, the foveae being smaller in the central
part of the second segment ; ventral carina laminate, the lamina
moderately short and truncate at both ends ; tibias not spinose,
spurs infuscate. Length 12 mm.

Not unlike at first sight M. clclia, but the thorax is not so

25

372 Annals of the South African Museum.

hexagonal, the colour of the metathorax differs, the first abdominal
is not so long, and is much ampliated from the very base.

Hab. Zambesia (Umsheki, Mashonaland). G. A. K. Marshall.

MUTILLA CYTHERIS.

3 . Black, clothed with whitish hairs, very dense and silky in the
frontal part, the prothorax and the basal part of the metathorax ;
first and second segments of abdomen red, the others black ; the
basal joint is fringed with a white apical band, the second segment
has an elongate transverse white patch on each side, and all the
other segments have a moderately broad white band deeply
emarginate in the centre ; head closely and deeply punctured as
in the preceding species, eyes large, emarginate ; prothorax deeply
and closely punctured, the punctures coarser and broader in the
metathorax ; mesothorax with a longitudinal raised line reaching the
apex and two shorter grooves on each side ; scutellum raised behind
in an erect, conspicuous tooth and fringed with long white hairs,
tegulae black, wings smoky, the anterior ones with a blue tinge ;
metathorax a little constricted at base, rounded laterally behind, and
having a supra-lateral carina on each side and a median grooved one
in the centre ; abdomen as in M. pcrscphonc but a little more
pyriform ; sculpture identical, ventral carina of first segment truncate
in front and behind and aculeate at apex, tibiae without spines, spurs
ivory-white. Length 15 mm.

A close ally of M. histrio $ , Lep., and also of M. thcmis, Per., 3 ;
it differs mostly from the former in having the head, prothorax, and
metathorax covered with a dense white silky pubescence, and the
ventral carina of the first segment is a little more aculeate and
truncate at base. I was somewhat doubtful about the ? of M.
thonis, Per., being what it had purported to be; but now that I
know the 3 of M. pcrscphonc, the ? of which has white markings
similar to that of M. thcmis $ , I have 110 doubt of its identity, because
the 3 of Rt- pcrscplwnc, M. histrio, M. thcmis, and M. cytheris belong
to a very homogeneous group ; and although the 2 of M. histrio and
M. cytheris are not yet known, they will in all probability prove to
have markings similar to those of these two species. It is also quite
possible for M. pcnclopc to be the ? of the present species.
Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury).

.1 Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Miitilhdes. 373

MUTILLA PEBSEPHONE, Per.,

Annals S. Afric. Museum, i., p. 69.

3 . Black, covered with dense black hairs, second segment of
abdomen red, with the apical part infuscate ; head very deeply and
closely foveolato-punctate, more than twice as broad as long, outer
sides narrowed diagonally, eyes very large, deeply emarginate ;
thorax closely foveolato-punctate, metathorax scrobiculate, prothorax
very narrow in the median part, mesothorax reaching very far for-
ward, quadri-canaliculate longitudinally in the centre, and with a
median longitudinal raised line extending from base to apex ; the
grooves short, interrupted at some distance from the apex ; tegulae
very dark brown, wings deep fuscous, anterior ones with a steel-blue
tinge or steel-blue, scutellum produced behind in an erect, con-
spicuous tooth, metathorax with a sharp supra-lateral carina on each
side, and a canaliculated one in the centre reaching from base to
apex ; first abdominal segment moderately long, gradually ampliated
from the base to the apex, where it is not narrower than the base of
the second one, which is as broad as long, and covered on the sides
and base with round punctures, deep but not closely set, and with
the intervals smooth, but the central part is quite smooth, and has
a median longitudinal line ; the first segment is covered with mode-
rately deep punctures, while the others are finely punctured ; ventral
carina of first segment not much developed, slightly toothed at base ;
tibiaa without spines, spurs whitish. Length 12-15^ mm.

In an example from Malvern (Natal) taken in coitu, the $ has a
very well-defined white pubescent band broadly interrupted in the
centre on the third abdominal segment of the same shape and size
as that of the ? . In two examples from Zambesia one of them
also caught in coitu, this band is altogether wanting.

Hab. Natal (Malvern), C. N. Barker ; Zambesia (Salisbury),
G. A. K. Marshall.

Synopsis of Males of the Group o/M. erinnys, Per., and
M. angulata, Sm.

Body black, with the thorax totally or partly red, scutellum
quadrate, a little emarginate behind in the centre, and with the
outer angles produced in a horizontal tooth ; abdomen sessile, with
two white patches on the first segment, and one or two always more
or less interrupted in the centre on the second or third segments, or
on both ; fore-wings with two cubital cells.

374 Annals of the South African Museum.

A 2 . AN INTERRUPTED WHITE BAND ON THIRD SEGMENT, NO VENTRAL
CARINA ON SECOND SEGMENT.

Pro- and mesothorax and scutellum red tomyris.

Mesothorax and scutellurn red dido.

A 1 . AN INTERRUPTED WHITE BAND ON SECOND AND THIRD SEGMENTS.

as. Thorax wholly red.

Second abdominal segment with a ventral carina, metathorax very
angular laterally behind clymeneis.

Second abdominal segment without a ventral carina, metathorax
not projecting behind eunomia.

a-. Pro- and mesothorax red, metathorax black.

Second abdominal segment with a conspicuous erect tooth . . . . erinnys.

Second abdominal segment without tooth or carina cleopatra

a 1 . Mesothorax and scutellum red.

Second abdominal segment without carina angulata.

MUTILLA DIDO.

$ . Black, with the mesothorax and the tegulae somewhat dark
red, clothed with moderately dense black hairs somewhat greyish on
the declivity of the metathorax ; first abdominal segment with a
lateral silky white patch, third segment with a band of the same
pubescence distinctly interrupted in the centre ; head more than
twice as broad as long on the vertex, sides straight, eyes large,
deeply emarginate and reaching the median part of the sides, it is
very closely foveolato-punctate ; thorax closely foveolato-punctate
with the metathorax scrobiculate, mesothorax without any groove,
scutellum as in the three preceding species, tegulae dark red, wings
fumose, a little darker on the anterior margin of the fore-wings ;
metathorax abruptly declivous behind, with the margin of the outer
sides sharp and the posterior angle also sharp, but not projecting ;
abdomen nearly sessile, basal joint of abdomen sharply dentate on
each side at base, ampliate'd from there, not quite so broad at apex as
the base of the second joint, which is one-fourth longer than broad
and covered like the first with closely set, deep, elongate punctures
separated by irregular, wavy, not much raised carinae, ventral carina

A Contribution to the Knowledge, of South African Mutillida. 375

of first segment sharply conical at each end, or deeply notched in the
centre; tihiae not spinose. Length 10 mm.
Hab. Natal (Durban). C. N. Barker.

MUTILLA TOMYRIS.

3 . Black, with a red patch on the vertex of the head and the
pro- and mesothorax red, clothed with greyish and brown hairs, basal
joint of abdomen with a lateral whitish patch, third segment with a
lateral white band; head very roughly foveolate, almost scrobiculate,
sub-quadrate, eyes large, deeply emarginate, reaching to about the
median part of the sides ; thorax closely foveolato-punctate, scu-
tellum and metathorax scrobiculate, tegulae red, wings pale brown,
shape of the scutellum similar to that of M. dido ; abdomen sessile,
first abdominal segment near straight laterally and not so broad
at apex as the base of the second one, and both covered with deep,
elongate punctures, separated by irregular, carinated intervals ;
ventral carina of first segment not quite straight, and sharp at tip
at the base, no ventral carina on second segment ; tibiae with one or
two spines. Length 12 mm.

Hab. South Africa (no exact locality).

MUTILLA CTA'MENEIS.

$ . Black, clothed with dense long greyish and black hairs, thorax
red, first basal segment with a patch of white pubescence on each
side midway between the centre and the outer side, apical part of
second segment and the whole of third segment with a white band
broadly interrupted in the centre ; head quadrate, scrobiculate,
clothed with white and black hairs, eyes large, deeply emarginate,
reaching beyond the median part of the outer sides ; thorax irregu-
larly foveolate, metathorax scrobiculate, scutellum of the same shape
as the preceding species, and fringed with somewhat dense, long,
greyish-white hairs ; tegulae red, elongate, wings fuscous brown,
hyaline at base, metathorax parallel, abruptly truncate, outer sides
sharp, distinctly carinate from the median part to the angle which
is distinctly aculeate and projecting, the perpendicular declivity is
very dark brown, nearly fuscous ; abdomen sessile, basal joint deeply
and closely punctured except at the apex, which is quite smooth, a
little narrower than the base of the second joint, second segment
longer than wide by one-fourth, and covered with deep, elongate
foveolate punctures, with the intervals irregular and raised ; ventral

25 :;:

376 Annals of the. Xoutli African Museum.

carina deeply emarginate in the centre, not truncate at apex, and
produced in a short, sharp spine at base, second segment with a
ventral slender ridge ; tibiae not spinose. Length 13 mm.

Closely allied to M. eunomia, differs in the colour of the wings, the
more angulate and more projecting posterior angles of the metathorax,
the different shape of the ventral carina of the first segment, the
presence of a median ventral carina on the second segment, and the
distinct interruption of the two dorsal abdominal white pubescent
bands.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

MUTILLA EUNOMIA.

3 . Black, clothed with long dense black hairs ; pro- and meso-
thorax, scutellum, and tegulee red, first abdominal segment with a
silky white apical band narrowly interrupted in the centre, second
segment also with a white apical band slightly interrupted in the
centre, third segment with a broad, not interrupted band ; sculpture
of the head and thorax similar to that of If. cleopatra, but the
metathorax is not quite so parallel, owing to the outer apical part
being slightly ampliated and produced outwardly, and the angle itself
not being sharp and projecting ; the shape and sculpture of the
abdomen are similar, but the band on third segment is hardly
if at all interrupted, and the ventral carina of the first segment
is acutely toothed in the middle and emarginate near the apex.
Length 13 mm.

Hab. Zambesia ('? Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

MUTILLA CLEOPATRA.

g . Black, clothed with long dense black hairs, pro- and meso-
thorax dark ferruginous, with the scutellum nearly black, apical part
of the basal and second abdominal segments and the whole of the
third with a white band broadly interrupted longitudinally in the
centre ; head quadrate, nearly twice as broad as long on the vertex,
foveolate, frontal part clothed with greyish hairs with longer black
ones intermixed, eyes very large, deeply emarginate, and reaching
beyond the median part of the outer sides, which are straight ; thorax
elongate, closely foveolate with the metathorax nearly scrobiculate,
prothorax truncate at the apex, very little rounded laterally ; meso-
thorax without any longitudinal groove ; tegulae red, wings fumose,
and with a darker elongate spot near the stigma; scutellum trans-

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillidce. 377

verse, straight laterally with the posterior angles produced in a
spine, and the posterior margin slightly emarginate in the centre,
fringed with very long greyish and white hairs ; metathorax with
the sides parallel, abruptly truncate behind, and with the posterior
angles sharp and distinctly aculeate; abdomen short, sub-sessile, first
segment ampliated suddenly from near the base, where it is slightly
dentate on each side, as broad at apex as the base of the second one,
which is ampliated and reaches its greatest width at some distance
from the base, and is longer than broad ; both these segments are
covered with broad punctures somewhat elongated and with the
intervals nearly smooth, the other segments are minutely punctured ;
ventral carina of the first segment laminate, truncate at both ends,
second segment not carinate in the centre ; tibias not spinose, spurs
white. Length 15 mm.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury, Umsheki Eiver). G. A. K. Marshall.

MUTILLA TAUBICEPS, Kohl,

Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, xxxii., 1882, p. 484, pi. 23, ff. 15 and 16.

3' Black with the pro- and mesothorax and also the scutellum
dull red, posterior part of the head rufescent ; head large, quadrate,
closely aciculate, eyes elongate, not emarginate ; mandibles long,
falcate and trifid at tip ; antennae sub-filiform ; mesothorax with two
conspicuous longitudinal median grooves, scutellum convex, rounded,
metathorax sloping behind, rounded laterally and foveate ; abdomen
pyriform, conical from the base of the second segment, first segment
short, conical, and with a sharp spine on each side of the base and
without any ventral carina ; the segments are clothed with long
dense hairs, black above, greyish underneath ; intermediate and
posterior tibiae without spines ; wings slightly fuscous. Length
9 mm.

In this species the extraordinary forcipate shape of the mandibles,
which are trifid at tip, is the same in both sexes.

Captured by Dr. H. Brauns at Sunday's Kiver, Uitenhage District,
Cape Colony.

(378)

INDEX

PAGE

sede 369

aethra 361

andromache 359

artemisia 368

autinoe 368

C

celimene 357

chloris 370

clelia 366

cleopatra 376

cloantha 353

clymeneis 375

clytemnestra 360

coryphasia 367

cytheris 372

1)

daphne 371

deianira 363

dice 365

dido 374

ducetis 363

dmibrodia 364

E

ehuira ...
eunoniia
euterpe

PAGE
365
376
358

H

hecuba 354

idia

opis

O

persephone
phcebe
psannnathe

tauriceps.
thais
tomyris .

T

360

358

373
370
356

377
362

375

Ann.S Afr.Mus.VoL I

PI. VIII

29 30

Helio6.Duja.rdin, Pans

New Miitillidae

(379)

X. Description of a New Genus of Perciform Fishes from the Cape of
Good Hope. By G. A. BOULENGEK, F.R.S.

(With Plate IX.)

ATYPOSOMA, g. n.

BODY compressed ; scales small, finely ciliated ; lateral line
complete. Mouth large, moderately protractile ; maxillary large,
exposed ; jaws equal, with a band of small villiform teeth ; preopercle
very finely serrated ; no opercular spine. Gill-membranes separate ;
seven branchiostegals ; gill-rakers very long. A single dorsal, with
11 spines and 17 soft rays, the spinous portion well developed, but
shorter than the soft ; anal with 3 spines and 14 soft rays ; soft
dorsal and anal thickly covered with small scales. Caudal forked.
Pectoral with 17 rays, asymmetrical, rounded, upper rays longest.
Ventrals behind base of pectorals, close together, with a strong spine.
This genus, referable to the Scorpidine Squamipinnes, is nearest
allied to Atypichtliys, Gunther, from which it is distinguished by the
large mouth and large maxillary. I regret to be unable to say
anything of the palatal dentition, the palate being absent in the
stuffed specimen.

ATYPOSOMA GURNEYI, sp. n.

Depth of body 2^ times in total length, length of head 3.
Diameter of eye 5 times in length of head, 1^ in interorbital width ;
maxillary scaly, extending to below anterior third of eye, the
diameter of its distal extremity f that of eye ; preopercular border
forming a right angle, rounded and very finely serrated at the
angle ; head nearly entirely covered with very small scales. Dorsal
xi 17, originating above base of ventral ; spines rather strong, 3rd

380 Annals of the South African Museum.

to 6th longest, ^ length of head, nearly twice as long as soft rays,
which are all equal in length. Anal iii 14 ; 2nd and 3rd spines
equal, J length of head, 1^ as long as the soft rays. Pectoral \
length of head, slightly shorter than ventral ; latter reaching vent.
Caudal deeply forked, middle rays \ length of outer. Caudal
peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales 150|* ; lat. 1. 70. Silvery ;
dark purplish grey on the back ; lateral line, dorsal and anal fins,
and caudal fin blackish ; tips of longest dorsal spines white ; pectorals
grey ; ventrals white.

Total length 450 mm.

I am indebted to Mr. W. L. Sclater for the loan of the single
specimen, now in a stuffed condition. It was caught by a trawler in
False Bay, and presented to the South African Museum by Lieut. -
Commr. A. P. Gurney, E.N.

Parascorpis, Blkr., likewise from the Cape of Good Hope, and
known to me only from the description and figure, appears to be
related to this genus, so that its allocation to the Scorpidina, as
proposed by Bleeker, may after all be correct. But it differs
generically in the presence of an opercular spine and the reversed
proportions of the two divisions of the dorsal fin. So far as specific
characters go, Parascorpis typus differs abundantly in the number
of dorsal rays (xii 15), the shorter dorsal spines, the longer second
anal spine, the narrower and serrated preorbital, the more strongly
serrated preopercle, the more prominent chin, and the feebly notched
caudal fin. The spinous dorsal and the caudal fins are represented
as covered with scales, which is not the case in the fish here
described.

i

I

o

(0

o

PH

I

CO

pi

en
-3

(X

ANNALS

OF THE

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

PART III.

XI. New and Little Knoiun South African Soli fug cc in the Collection
of the South African, Museum. By W. F. PURCELL, Ph.D.,
First Assistant.

THE present paper contains descriptions of ten new species of
Solpuga, and of five little known forms of the genus, which were
described by Koch in 1842 ; further, four new species of Dacsia,
and three of Ceroma, both genera not previously recorded from
South Africa, and one new species of Hcxisopus. The male of the
last-named remarkable genus is here described for the first time.
The following is a synopsis of the South African genera :

a. Tarsus of IV. leg without claws Hetisopus, Karsch (p. 381).

b. Tarsus of IV. leg with two claws.

a 1 . Tarsi of II.-IV. legs 2-jointed Ceroma, Karsch (p. 394).

ft 1 . Tarsi of II.-III. legs 2-jointed, of IV. leg 4-jointed. Daesia, Karsch (p. 388).
c 1 . Tarsi of II.-III. legs 4-jointed, of IV. leg 7-joiuted.

Solpufja, Licht. (p. 401).

GEN. HEXISOPUS, Karsch.

1842. Aellopus, C. L. Koch, Arch. f. Naturg., viii., Bd. i., p. 354.
1879. Hexisopus, Karsch, Ent. Zeit. Stettin, xl., p. 109.
Characters. Thorax and abdomen enormously distended above
and indistinguishably united to a single oval piece (the thoraco-
abdomen), lying above the posterior pairs of legs. Palps short
and thick, the tarsus immovably fused with the metatarsus, which
is without spines or scopula. I. leg thin and slender, unarmed and

26

382

Annals of the South African Museum.

without claws. II. and III. legs (fig. 1 II.) with 7 and 8 free
segments respectively (the II. with 1, the III. with 2 trochanter
segments) ; the femora (sixth segment from the distal end) short
and very stout, especially in the male, with convex surfaces ; the
terminal tarsal segment extremely mhrute, bearing a pair of long,
smooth, two- jointed claws, and often hidden amongst the hairs of
the preceding segment, the distal joint of the claws subequal to

2

Hcxisopits lanatus (Koch). Fig. 1, II. and IV. right leg of ? , seen from below
(the anterior side is on the right, the posterior on the left of each figure).
Fig. '2, distal joints of II. leg of , seen from above, and much magnified.
Fig. 3, median section of <$ in outline, g.p. genital papilla. Fig. 4, outline of
same <? seen from above. Fig. 5, rostrum (the stiff hairs at the apex not sketched
in).

or even longer than the basal joint (fig. 2) ; no subungual appen-
dages. IV. leg with 7 free segments (including 2 trochanter seg-
ments) ; the femur (third free segment) sub-cylindrical ; the tibia
very short, functioning as patella ; metatarsus tibia-like ; tarsal
segments 2, without claws (fig. 1 IV.). Ocular tubercle much
more prominent anteriorly in the male than in the female, provided
with numerous hairs. Flagellum of male hidden between the
mandibles, the basal portion enlarged in the form of an open cup,

Neiv and Little Knoion South African ^u/ifiujce. 383

which is attached at a point on its convex side to the inner side of
the mandible, and is movable in a vertical plane round the point of
attachment (fig. 6). Spiracles 4, large, exposed, situated on the
II. and III. ventral abdominal segments near their hind margins,
the anterior pair a little closer together than the posterior pair.
I. abdominal segment of the adult male provided below with a
large, sub-conical, genital papilla (fig. 3, g.p.), bearing at its apex
the sexual orifice. Eibbed area on inner face of mandibles very
large, the ribs very long, extending right up to the base. Rostrum
short, the upper lobe evenly pointed and not deflexed at the apex
(fig. 5), with the usual double row of adhering hairs at the apex
below (not drawn in the figure) ; the two lower lobes of the rostrum
contiguous to the apex, much longer than the upper lobe, strongly
compressed laterally, hairy, and furnished with the usual pair of
sub-apical feathery lingulae.

The above diagnosis of the genus applies to the two species
described below, and probably also to H. fodicns Sim., which is
unknown to me. The enormous thoraco-abdomen is very peculiar,
and is similarly formed in the adult male and female and in the
young. Although the tergal segments are distinctly demarcated by
transverse lines, it is not easy to point out which of these lines
forms the boundary between the thoracic and the abdominal terga.
The anterior side of the thoraco-abdomen rises almost directly from
the hind edge of the head-plate, which it slightly overhangs (see
figs. 3 and 4). Five malleoli are present on each hind leg in the
adult, viz., two on the coxa, two on the first trochanter joint, and
one on the second trochanter joint (fig. 1 IV.). In the young
specimen of H. lanatus (Koch), measuring 13^ mm. in length, only
three are present, viz., two on the coxa, and one on the first trochanter
joint. According to Simon, H. fodicns, Sim., has only three malleoli,
and this statement has been utilised by Pocock in characterising his
new family Hexisopodidce (Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xx., p. 250, 1897).
Simon's specimen is, however, evidently immature, the length of
the specimen in the figure being given by a line measuring not quite
14 mm.* (Ann. S. Ent. Fr. (6), vii., PI. vi., figs. 6 and 7 1, 1887).

The principal points in which these remarkable Arachnids differ

* In the text, however, the length is given us 23 mm., but this may be a
misprint for 13 mm.

t A peculiarity of these two figures of Simon's should not be passed unnoticed,
viz., the omission of the first tarsal segment in the II. and IV. pairs of legs,
although it is plain from the text that this segment should be present. In fact,
the segmentation of the legs in fodicns is evidently similar to that of lanatus and
crassus.

381 Annals of the South African Museum.

from the Solpugidae may be summed up as follows : (1) the absence
of one joint of the trochanters in each leg of the three posterior
pairs ; (2) the absence of claws in IV. leg ; (3) the extreme shortness
of the distal portion of IV. leg in proportion to the basal part
( trochanters -f coxa) ; (4) the length of the distal segment of the
claws in the II. and III. legs ; (5) the minuteness of the third tarsal
segment in these legs ; (6) the absence of subungual appendages in
these legs ; (7) the presence of a genital papilla in the male ; (8) the
shortness of the upper lobe of the rostrum.

The females of the two Cape species known to me may be dis-
tinguished as follows :

a. Upper fang of mandibles strongly compressed laterally, sharp-edged above.

Bushmanland H. lanatns (Koch)

b. Upper fang thick, rounded and simply convex above. Worcester.

II. crassus, n. sp.

HEXISOPUS LANATUS (Koch).
(Figs. 1-76.)

1842. Acllopm lanata, C. L. Koch, Arch. f. Naturg., viii., Bd. i.,
p. 354.

1848. Acllopiis Uiiiata, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn., xv., p. 102, fig.
1489.

Colour ''' yellow to whitish yellow, the terminal fangs of the jaws
red Avith black tips and edges ; eyes with a black ring round each.
Pubescence remarkably soft, very thick, covering whole animal, the
shorter hairs mostly reddish, the longer ones mostly paler ; the
hairs on the anterior thoraco-abdominal segments dark brown ; tips
of the palps with orange-brown hair in the ? ; the anterior part of
the. head-plate and the ocular tubercle with a number of short black
hairs in the , which are absent in the ? and young ; no spines or
spiniforrn seta) on the head-plate or mandibles. Ocular tubercle,
projecting far beyond the anterior margin of head-plate in the $ ,
but less prominent in the 5 , a line joining the anterior margins of
the eyes lying behind the middle of the tubercle in the $ , but in
the middle in the $ (figs. Qa and 7c<).

Mandibles in ? and yoiin/j (figs. 7, 7a) stout and rather short, the
hairless area at the base of the upper fang large, bordered by a semi-
circle of small red granules and nearly smooth ; terminal fang of
upper jaw strongly compressed laterally, curving outwards and

* These specimens, which I had described as new, were kindly identified from
Koch's type by Prof. K. Kraepelin.

Neir cunl Little Ki/oini .So///// African Solifugte. 385

directed slightly downwards from the base, the outer side strongly
flattened and not vertical but inclined upwards and outwards from
the inferior to the superior edge of the fang (see fig. Ib) ; inner
surface of the faiig strongly convex, subangular longitudinally along
the middle, from whence the surface strongly slopes upwards and
outwards as far as the superior edge, the upper surface being-
horizontal only quite at the base ; superior edge of fang sharp,
forming the highest part of the upper side. Upper jaw with 3 teeth
in the single series, the first very small, the second very large, the
third rather small ; the double series composed of 3 small inner
teeth, and about 9 very minute outer ones, all placed very far back,
extending round the base of the lower jaw. Lower jaw curved
outwards and strongly upwards towards the apex, with 2 teeth, the
anterior tooth large, the posterior one minute (in one of the jaws tin 1
large tooth bears a minute denticle at its base in front ; see fig. 7).

Mandibles in $ (figs. 6, 6rt) much larger and stouter, the area at
the base of the upper fang small and minutely granular over its
surface ; terminal fang directed downwards but scarcely outwards,
compressed and rather flat on each side, not sharp-edged above ; the
basal half of the fang strongly dilated inwards, the dilated part
sulcate above, with the upper median edge granular, terminating
anteriorly in a strong angle against which the lower jaw closes.
Upper jaw with two small, isolated, posterior teeth in the single
series, the uppermost very minute, situated alongside of the anterior
bend of the flagellum (both teeth are shown in fig. 6, one above and
one below the procurrent portion of the flagellum) ; the double
series composed of 3 inner and about 7 outer teeth, and very
far back. Lower jaw long, curved strongly upwards but not at all
outwards, with one low tooth in the middle.

Flagellum completely hidden between the mandibles. Basal
enlargement in the form of a thin-walled cup with thin circular
rim and movably attached at the centre of the convex surface
to the lower part of the inner face of the upper jaw, almost
just behind the lowest of the two teeth in the single series ;
concavity of the cup facing inwards and partially covered by a
narrow thin lamina in the upper part. From the anterior edge of
the cup a procurrent portion of the flagellum, exceeding the
diameter of the cup in length, takes its origin and is provided along
its lower edge with a high, thin keel. On about a level with the
hind edge of the granular area at the base of the upper fang the
flagellum curves upwards and then backwards, as in Solpuga ; the
recurrent portion subulate, curving downwards posteriorly and

386

Annals of the South African Museum.

terminating just behind the base of the lower jaw at a little distance
behind the basal cup, its upper side feebly sulcate, the sulcus con
tinued over the anterior curve, the outer wall of the sulcus higher
than the inner and continuous with the inferior keel of the pro-
current portion."

Palp and legs in ? . Palps stout, unarmed ; I. leg very slender,

r. lanatits (Koch). Fig. 6, left mandible of <? from inner side. Fig. 6a, left
mandible of f from above. Fig. 7, right mandible of ? from lateral side.
Fig la, left mandible of $ from above. Fig. lb, section through the terminal
fangs of both upper jaws of ? at the dotted line in fig. 7.

Hex. crassus, n. sp. Fig. 8, right mandible of ? from lateral side. Fig. 8,
section through the terminal fangs of both upper jaws of ? at the dotted line in
fig. ft.

unarmed ; II. and III. legs robust (figs. 1 II. and 2), provided along
the upper posterior margin from the tibia onwards with a row of
blunt spines, which are very short and stout on the tibia, but
increase regularly in length distally, the longer ones spathulate,

A very similar sulcus and keel occurs in Ceroma.

find Little Knnirii Hnittlt Africa// Soiifn ('!''. 38

those on. the second tarsal joint slender; besides these there are a
number of similar spines on the posterior and under side of the tibia,
the upper ones being very short, the inferior long and spathulate ;
posterior side of metatarsus of III. leg with a few short, stout, dark
spines ; posterior side of metatarsus of II. leg, and of the first tarsal
joint of III. leg with a few very minute spinules ; metatarsus and
first two tarsal joints of II. and III. legs with a row of stout bristles
below (not sketched in the figures). Femur of IV. leg (fig. 1 IV.)
with some stout bristles and a few short apical spines below, tibia
and metatarsus with numerous very short, stout spines on the under
and anterior sides, the apical ones longer, the two tarsal joints with
similar spines below but, in addition, bordered along the anterior
and posterior edges with a row of longer very strong spines, the
spines of the anterior row stronger than those of the posterior row.
In $ . Very similar to the 5 , except that the spines of the anterior
row on the tarsus of IV. leg are much longer and slenderer than in
the ? .

Locality. (a) One $ and 1 ? from Grasmond, on the road between
Steinkopf and Kamonds Drift, Namaqualand Div. (Max Schlechter,
Nov., 1897).

(b) 1 juv. from Vuurdood, near Eamonds Drift, Bushmanland,
Namaqualand Div. (Max Schlechter, Dec., 1897).

Measurements. Total length $ 20, $ 19|; length of thoraco-
abdomen $ 13*, ? 12, width $ 10*. ? 9, height $ 8, 2 7 ; length
of head-plate $ 4, $ 4, width $ 6i, ? 5f ; length of mandibles $
6*. ? 4f , width 3 3i ? 2$.

HEXISOPUS CBASSUS, n. sp.
(Pigs. 8, 8,)

Very similar to the $ of H. lanatiis, from which it differs mainly
as follows :

Hairs pale yellowish, none reddish, those at the anterior end of
the thoraco-abdomen slightly brownish, the hairs at the apex of the
palps darkened but not orange.

Head-plate relatively shorter and wider.

Mandibles with the oval area at the base of the upper fang weakly
granular over its surface, the marginal circle of granules coarser
and more numerous. The upper fang stout, much less compressed,
slightly curving outwards and downwards ; the inner surface evenly
convex ; the upper surface wide, evenly convex, neither sulcate,

388 AituaJx of lln 1 South African Museum.

carinate, nor angular ; the outer surface convex, sub-angular along
its middle, finely caniculate at base just under the upper edge ; the
teeth as in lanatus. Lower jaw curved slightly outwards and also
upwards, but much less strongly than in lanatus. In both upper and
lower jaw the apex is very blunt, but this is probably due to age and
wear.

Spines on legs as in lanatus.

Measurements. Total length 25 ; length of thoraco-abdomen 18,
width 13, height 12 ; median length of head-plate 4^, width 6f ;
length of mandibles 5, width 2f .

Locality. A single ? from Worcester (J~. Lycctt, No. 1033).

GEN. DAESIA*, Karsch,
1880, Arch. f. Naturg., xlvi., Bd. i., p. 234.

diameters of the South African Species. Basal segmentation of
legs as in Ceroma and Solpuga, i.e., with two trochanter joints in the
II. and three in the III. and IV. legs. Tarsi of II. and III. legs
two-jointed, that of IV. leg four-jointed, the subungual appendages
small, not diverging. Tarsus of I. leg without claws in either sex.
Tarsus of palp very slightly movable in the ? (apparently immovable
in the single <? specimen), the metatarsus not scopulate, but pro-
vided below with 3 short outer and 1 (in the ? ) or 3 (in the $ )
short inner spines, and generally also some much longer spines or
spiniforrn setse in a row with the short spines ; t metatarsus dis-
tinctly compressed from above and below, appearing sub-fusiform
when viewed from the side, being slightly thicker in the middle than
at the ends (fig. 10a). Ocular tubercle with several bristles in front.
Flagellum of $ with the basal enlargement flat, not turgid, pro-
duced posteriorly into the shaft and fixed to the inner side of the
mandibles behind the base of the terminal fang in such a manner as
to be partially movable in a vertical plane round the point of attach-
ment (as in Hexisopus). Upper lobe of rostrum (fig. 9c) not deflexed
at the apex but evenly pointed, as in Solpuga.

DAESIA LEIPOLDTI, n. sp.
(Figs. 9-9c.)

? . Palps with the metatarsus slightly but distinctly stouter in
the middle than at the ends, depressed from above and below ;

* Prof. Kraepelin informs me that Daesia and Biton are identical.

t The typical arrangement of these spines is shown in figs. 10a and lla.

i'l Little' Known Sou.tli African So/if/i</>.

389

tarsus incrassated towards the apex when seen from the side, its
length about one-third that of the metatarsus. Under side of femur
with long setse, an anterior row of 4 slightly stouter than the rest ;
under side of tibia with an anterior row of 2 and a posterior row of 3
stout setae very distinctly set off from the rest and equalling the

lO

Dacsia Icipoldti, n. sp. ? . Pig. 9, right mandible from lateral side. Fig. 9a,
tarsus of II. and III. leg. Fig. 9b, tarsus of IV. leg. Fig. 9c, rostrum (the stiff
tuft of hairs at the apex not sketched in).

D. kolbei, n. sp. ? . Fig. 10, right mandible from lateral side. Fig. lOffl, meta-
tarsus and tarsus of right palp from posterior (outer) side.

D. pallida, n. sp. ? . Fig. 11, right mandible from lateral side. Fig. lla,
metatarsus and tarsus of right palp from below.

D. subulata, n. sp. <? . Fig. 12, left mandible from inner side.

short uietatarsal spines in thickness ; metatarsus with an outer row
of 3 strong short spines (one in the middle of the segment, one at
the apex, and one midway between these tw r o) and an inner one of
1 similar apical spine, but there are no distinct series of spiniform
setae similar to those on the tibia, all the setae being much slenderer
than those on the latter. Metatarsus of II. leg with 5 short dorsal

390 Annals of the South African Museum.

spines, also I posterior and 2 anterior spines (including an apical
inferior pair) ; metatarsus of III. leg with 3 short, very stout, dorsal
spines, also an anterior row of 2 and a posterior row of 3 slenderer
spines (including an apical inferior pair) ; the tarsi of these legs and
the distal segments of the IV. leg with several spines ; no apical
spines on the tibiae.

Mandibles stout and bristly. Upper jaw with 3 large teeth in the
single series and 2 minute teeth between the second and third large
ones; the terminal fang strongly curved downwards, but only
slightly outwards, at the apex. Lower jaw with 2 strong teeth and
a pair of minute ones between them.

Colour. Ground colour pale yellow. Head-plate with the lateral
part broadly infuscate, the central and posterior parts occupied by a
large, 3-lobed, foliaceous area, which is marmorate at the sides but
simply yellow and pi'ovided with a fine, brown, longitudinal line
along the median part ; ocular tubercle deep black, flanked on each
side by a marbled yellow area. Mandibles with 3 longitudinal
infuscate stripes (2 dorsal and 1 lateral) on a reddish yellow back-
ground, finely marbled between the stripes ; the dorsal stripes
expanded distally and united here to form an obliquely transverse
distal stripe, the innermost stripe with a yellow distal spot ; the
lateral stripe obsolete anteriorly. Abdomen pale, the anteriorrnost
terga with a median and a pair of lateral black stripes. Palps
blackened, the trochanters and the outer and upper surfaces (except
in the distal part) of the femur pale yellow, the upper surface of the
tibia and of the distal part of the femur marmorate on each side of
the middle line. Legs infuscated, except on the under side, on the
posterior side of the femora, and on the upper and posterior sides of
the trochanters, where they are pale yellow ; in the femora and
tibiae the upper surface is partially marmorate.

Measurements. -Total length 17i ; length of head-plate 3, width
4 ; length of mandibles 4-f- ; length of palps 12^, tibia 3f , metatarsus
+ tarsus 4i ; length of III. leg 10 ; length of IV. leg 17J, tibia 4J,
metatarsus 3^.

Locality. (a) A female (type, No. 3791) from Olijvenbosch
Kraal, near the Berg Vlei River, north of the Piquetberg Range,
Clan william Div.

(b) A female from Lamberts Bay, Clanwilliam Div. (R. Pattison,
Nov., 1897), differs from the type in having only 1 small tooth
between the 2 large ones in the lower jaws, and there is 1 small
tooth in one, but 2 in the other upper jaw between the second and
third large teeth.

New and Little Known SoittJi African Solifugce. 391

The type was obtained for us through Mr. C. L. Leipoldt, to
whom the Museum is indebted for a large number of new and rare
Arachnida from the Division of Clanwilliam.

DAESIA KOLBEI, n. sp.
(Pigs. 10, 10a.)

? . Colour. Head-plate marked as in leipoldti, but slightly
darker. Mandibles as in leipoldti, except that the dark lateral
stripe is obsolete ; the sides, however, marmorate. Abdomen pale
yellowish, the terga broadly but palely infuscate at the sides and in
the middle. Palps with the metatarsus and tarsus deeply infuscate,
the tibia pale brownish, yellowish at the ends, the remaining seg-
ments pale yellow. Legs pale yellow ; I. leg infuscate above in the
two distal segments ; II. and III. legs with the femora and tibiae
partially pale infuscate ; femur of IV. leg infuscate, the upper side
marbled on each side of the middle line, the inner side (except at
base) and the under side yellow, the tibia (excepting below and at
the apex) infuscate, marbled above, the metatarsus infuscate in the
middle on the upper and outer surfaces. Malleoli pale, the leg seg-
ments bearing them with a short black line at the base of each
malleolus.

Palps with the metatarsus more distinctly fusiform and relatively
stouter than in leipoldti (fig. lOo) ; the tarsus incrassated distally,
when seen from the side, and relatively stouter than in leipoldti.
Under side of femur with a very distinct anterior row of 4 stout
spiniform setae, of which the distal one is strongest ; the setae along
the posterior edge feeble. Under side of tibia with 2 very distinct
rows of long and very stout spiniform setae, 3 in each row. Under
side of metatarsus with an outer row of 3 distal spines and 2 long-
proximal setae and an inner row of 1 apical spine and 4 setae ; the
spines short and stout, disposed as in leipoldti, the setae long, stout,
and spiniform, very distinctly seriate and sharply set off from other
setae on the joint, the 3 distal setae of the inner row quite as stout as
those on the tibia, the basal one of this row slenderer. Spines on
the legs as in leipoldti.

Dentition. One small tooth between the 2 large ones in the
lower jaw ; between the second and third large teeth of the upper
jaw there is 1 small tooth in one jaw but 2 in the other, just as in
the specimen of leipoldti from Lamberts Bay.

Measurements. Total length 19|; length of head-plate 3, width 4;

392 Annals of the HoutJi Africa)/ Museum.

length of mandibles 4f ; length of palps 11-J, tibia 3, metatarsus
+ tarsus 4-1; length of III. leg 10; length of IV. leg 16, tibia 4,
metatarsus 3.

Locality. A single ? (No. 1181) from Buluwayo, Matabeleland,
collected by the Eev. Dr. F. Kolbe, of St. Mary's, Cape Town, to
whom the Museum is indebted for two new species of Solifugse.

DAESIA PALLIDA, n. sp.
(Figs. 11, lla.)

Colour. Whole animal very pale yellowish ; ocular tubercle deep
black ; the 3 distal segments of the palps infuscated, -except on the
under side, which is pale yellowish, the femur marmorate above on
each side of the middle line ; IV. leg feebly infuscate above at the
apex of the femur and at the base of the tibia ; jaws of mandibles
reddish, black at the tips. Coxa and trochanters with black
markings at the insertion of the pallid malleoli.

Palps. -Metatarsus and tarsus shaped and proportioned as in
kolbei. Under side of femur with an anterior row of 4 and a posterior
row of 2 spiniform setae, all very distinctly set off' from the other
setae on the joint, the distal anterior one much larger than the
others ; under side of tibia with two rows of long setiform spines
(3 in each row), which are remarkably stout with the exception of
the posterior basal one. Under side of metatarsus (fig. lla) with 2
rows of 4 short spines and G long setiform spines, arranged as in
kolbei ; the basal pair are strong but slenderer than the other seti-
form spines, which are remarkably strong and stout, especially those
of the anterior row. Short spines on the legs as in leipoldti and
kolbei, excepting that there are 4 posterior spines on the metatarsus
of III. leg, the two proximal ones close together.

Dentition. Only 1 small tooth between the second and third
large teeth in the upper jaw and 1 between the 2 large teeth in the
lower jaw otherwise as in the preceding species ; terminal fang of
upper jaw less strongly curved than in the preceding form.

Measurements. Total length 13A ; length of head-plate 3, width
3^ ; length of mandible 4J ; length of palps 12, tibia 3^, metatarsus
+ tarsus 4-1 ; length of III. leg 9| ; length of IV. leg 17& tibia 4J,
metatarsus 3.

Locality. A single specimen ( 5 or immature ? No. 2832) from
Eities in Great Bushmanland, Kenhart Div. (Max Schlechter,
March, 1898).

New and Little Known South African Solifugoe. 393

This species is characterised by the remarkably strong armature
on the under side of the palps.

DAESIA SUBULATA, n. sp.

(Fig. 12.)

^ . Colour.- Ground colour pale yellowish. Head-plate with the
lateral parts broadly int'uscate, the lateral border, a spot on each
side of the deep black ocular tubercle, and the large, 3-lobed,
foliaceous, central area pale yellowish, the latter area faintly mar-
morate towards the sides and provided with a fine median line.
Mandibles very pale yellow, without any int'uscate markings, but
with numerous, short, spiniform setas. Abdomen with pale purplish
tinge, the anterior segments pale yellow, all the terga infuscated at
the lateral borders but not along the median line. Palp with the
distal part of femur (excepting on the inner side), the tibia, meta-
tarsus and tarsus deeply infuscate, the two latter with a broad pale
streak on the under side, the tibia with a similar streak in the basal
two-thirds below and with its upper surface marbled on each side of
the middle Ihie. I. and II. legs pale yellow, the tibiae with the sides
feebly infuscated at the base ; III. leg with the femur and tibia
(excepting below) and the sides of the metatarsus at the base infus-
cate, the upper surface of the femur and tibia marmorate ; IV. leg
with the femur (except at the base below), the tibia (excepting
below) and the basal part of the metatarsus (excepting below)
infuscated, the femur and tibia marbled above on each side of the
middle line.

Palps with the metatarsus and tarsus shaped as in leipoldti ;
metatarsus below with two rows, each composed of 3 short stout
spines and 2 proximal setae ; the spines of the outer row arranged as
in leipoldti, but in the inner (anterior) row the middle spine is nearer
to the distal than to the proximal spine ; the two setae completing
the rows on each side are slender, not at all spiniform, and much
finer than the seriated setae on the tibia. Under side of tibia with
an inner row of 3 spiniform setae (the proximal one shorter and
slenderer than the other two but stouter than the corresponding-
seta in leipoldti) and an outer row of about 5 setae, of which the
distal one is slightly, the proximal one considerably, slenderer than
the middle spiniform ones ; under side of femur with an inner row
of about 4 spiniform setas.

Short spines on the metatarsi of II. and III. legs as in leipoldti.

Mandibles with the upper jaw composed of a sub-quadrate (when

394 Annals of tlic South African Museum.

seen from the side) basal portion, produced at its upper anterior
angle into a long, slender, toothless, terminal fang. This fang is
almost straight and subulate, very slightly sinuous above in the
middle and again below at the apex, and is slightly inclined outwards
from its base ; it forms an angle of about 150 with the upper surface
of the mandible ; its outer surface is convex but the inner surface
is deeply sulcate throughout its length. The anterior almost trun-
cated surface of the basal portion of the jaw is sinuate in the upper
part and nearly at right angles to the fang, while in the lower part it
is furnished with a double row of teeth, the outer row being com-
posed of 4 teeth, the second tooth being very small. Lower jaw
slender, curved strongly upwards towards the apex, provided with 2
long and rather slender sharp teeth with a minute denticle between
them.

Flagcllum composed of a transparent, pear-shaped, flattened disc,
drawn out behind into a straight subulate shaft, which exceeds the
disc in length and is directed backwards and slightly upwards. The
disc is attached, scale-like, to the inner surface of the mandible at its
upper edge just behind the base of the fang in such a manner that
the lower half and the upper edge of the vertical disc is free, the
edge projecting slightly above the upper surface of the mandible.

Measurements. Total length 16^; length of head-plate 3, width
3^ ; length of mandibles 4 ; length of palps 14, tibia 4f , metatarsus
+ tarsus 4 ; length of III. leg lOf ; length of IV. leg 21, tibia 5,
metatarsus 4i.

Locality. A single $ (No. 3802) from Van Wijks Vlei, Carnarvon
Div. (E. G. and D. C. Alston, 1899), captured in a house at night.

GEN. CEEOMA, Karsch,
1885, Karsch, Jahrb. Hamburg. Anst., p. 137.

Characters of the South African Species. Tarsi of II. -IV. legs
two-jointed, with very long, strongly diverging, sub-ungual appen-
dages (fig. 136). Tarsus of I. leg with 2 small but distinct claws in
both sexes. Short stout spines occur only on the II. and III. legs,
viz., 1 at the apex of the tibia and 3 on the upper side of the meta-
tarsus (in C. incrmc these spines are very weak) ; long spiniform
setifi occur on the legs and palps, those on the under side of the tibia
of the latter arranged in two distinct series (sclateri, capense) or more
irregular (inerme). Tarsus of palp immovably fused to the meta-
tarsus, the latter (fig. 13ft) cylindrical or very slightly depressed from

Ncio and Little Known South African Solifuyce. 395

above, not attenuated distally, where it is as thick as in the middle,
the under surface without true spines or scopula. Basal enlarge-
ment of flagellum (figs. 13 and 14) protected by a row of stiff bristles,
turgid on the median side but flat on the lateral side, by which it is
immovably fixed to the inner surface of the base of the terminal
fang ; the basal enlargement produced upwards into the shaft (not
forwards as in SotytMja). Ocular tubercle with a number of fine
bristles, especially in front. Upper lobe of rostrum either evenly
pointed at the apex, as in fig. 13r (sclateri, incriuc), or the apex
unevenly pointed, the lower side being straight and the upper convex
(capcnse, fig. 156).

CEROMA SCLATERI, n. sp.
(Figs. 13-13c.)

3 Flagellum extremely long, reaching, when straightened out,
almost to the bind margin of the head-plate. Basal enlargement
pear-shaped, somewhat laterally compressed, deeply sulcate on its
anterior side, the sulcus bounded laterally by a high thin keel and
on the median side by a lower, thicker ridge ; the basal enlargement
situated at the base of the upper fang on its inner side and protected
on the median side by a row of long, stiff, feathery hairs which
reach to the apex of the fang. Basal portion of flagellum tapering
gradually upwards and then backwards into the slender filiform
shaft, which passes along the middle of the upper surface of the
mandible and on the lateral side of the eye-tubercle, behind which
it curves gradually towards the median line. The anterior sulcus is
continued backwards along the upper surface for some distance,
while the lateral keel bordering this sulcus may be traced almost
to the apex of the flagellum.

Mandibles gibbous above, the upper jaw with the terminal fang
rather long, curved downwards at the apex, which is remote from
the base of the flagellum. First tooth strong, closely followed by a
second equally strong tooth, the basal part of which is prolonged
posteriorly in the form of a long low ridge ; this is followed by the
small outer teeth of the double series ; the first tooth of the inner
series long and slender (inner series not drawn in fig. 13). Hind
tooth of lower jaw large and strong, preceded by a smaller tooth ;
immediately in front of the latter is a long low keel confluent with
the base of the smaller tooth ; on the median side of this tooth and
keel is a second keel, running along the inner edge of the upper side

396

Annals of the South African Museum.

of the jaw and directed upwards and inwards, forming a deep sulcus
with the outer keel.

Tarsi of the legs with the terminal segment short, slenderer than
the first segment, from which it is separated by a strong constriction ;
the sub-ungual appendages very long and turgid, somewhat
attenuated towards the apex and strongly diverging, half as long

13

14-

-s>- -,

/ -^^

IS -

LLJ

Ceroma sclatcri, n. sp. <? . Fig. 13, left mandible from inner side (the flagelluui is
purposely drawn on the right of the eye-tubercle to show its course). Fig. 13,
metatarsus and tarsus of palp from the side. Fig. 136, tarsal joints of II. and
III. leg. Fig. 13c, rostrum (apical tuft of hairs not sketched in).

C. inermc, n. sp. <? . Fig. 14, left mandible from inner side (the flagellum is
drawn as if on the right side of the eye-tubercle to show its length).

C. capcnsc, n. sp. ?. Fig. 15, right mandible from lateral side. Fig. 15a, apical
part of both mandibles, from above. Fig. 156, rostrum (apical tuft of hairs not
sketched in).

as the basal joint of the claws and provided with a very noticeable,
deep-black, basal spot above (fig. ISb). Tarsus and metatarsus of
palp stout, straight, not curved below, the former very slightly
incrassated above (fig. 13a). Tibiae of II. and III. legs with one
short apical spine, the metatarsi of these legs with 3 short, stout,
dorsal spines ; no other short spines are present on any of the legs,

New and Little Known South African Solifugce. 397

but the under side of the 3 posterior pairs are provided with long,
curved, spiniform setae. Tibia of palps with two rows of very long,
strong, flexible setae below, 4-5 in each row ; the metatarsus without
distinctly seriated set. I. leg provided with a pair of small claws,
but without sub-ungual appendages.

Ocular tubercle large, strongly projecting anteriorly.

Colour and markings very like those of G. oriiadiin, Karsch.
Ground colour pale yellow, that of the mandibles testaceous yellow.
Head-plate and the limbs (excepting below and at the base) partly
marbled with dark brown, partly infuscate. Mandibles with 1
lateral and 2 dorsal, narrow, longitudinal, infuscate stripes, the parts
between these stripes testaceous yellow and only partially marmorate.
Head-plate infuscate in the lateral parts, except along the border,
which is yellow ; the central region marmorate ; a median stripe
extending from the hind margin to the ocular tubercle yellow but
not marbled, divided longitudinally by a fine infuscate line and
expanded in the middle and again anteriorly, where it extends round
the hind edges of the tubercle in the form of a short transverse arm,
which ends on each side in an enlarged, somewhat four-sided, yellow
spot. Ocular tubercle black. Terga of abdomen pale yellow, with
a large black patch on each side and a fine, median, black stripe,
the lateral patches longitudinal in the anterior but transverse in the
posterior segments ; the soft skin on the sides of the abdomen
infuscate, thickly covered with minute yellow dots and whitish
yellow hairs. Upper surface of the femora of palps and legs, and
of the tibiae of the palps and anterior legs yellowish, marmorate,
provided with a longitudinal infuscate stripe along the middle.
Malleoli black-edged. Whole animal covered with whitish yellow
hairs, which are not forked at the apex.

Measurements. Total length 17 ; length of head-plate 3, width
3^-; width of eye-tubercle 1-1 ; length of mandibles 3f, width If;
length of flagellum (straightened) 5^ ; length of palp 12, tibia 3f ,
metatarsus + tarsus 44 ; length of III. leg 114- ; length of IV. leg
IS, tibia 5, metatarsus 3i-.

Locality. 1 $ (type, No. 2840) from Houwhoek, Caledon Div.,
captured by Mr. W. L. Sclater.

A young specimen, 10 mm. long and evidently belonging to this
species, was taken by me at Ashton, Kobertson Div. It has the
sides of the abdomen pale yellow and the median dorsal stripe is
obsolete. The single row of teeth in the upper jaw consists of
2 large, curved, distal teeth, followed by a minute and another large
tooth, while the lower jaw has 2 large curved teeth and a small

27

398 Aniialx of the South African Muscion.

tooth between these ; the upper fangs are turned slightly but
distinctly outwards towards the apex.

This species closely resembles C. ornatnui, Kaisch, from Massai-
land in its colouration.

CEROMA INERME, n. sp.
(Fig. 14.)

$ . Legs without distinct strong spines, excepting perhaps the
apical spine of the tibiae of the II. and III. legs, those on the upper
side of the metatarsi of the II. and III. pair in C. sclatcri replaced
in this species by several (more than 3) strong bristles. The long
stout bristles on the under side of the palps not distinctly arranged
in tw T o definite series on the tibia (resembling C. ornatum, Karsch,
in this respect). Metatarsus and tarsus of palps stout and straight,
not concave below, becoming scarcely perceptibly thicker distally.
1. leg as in xclateri. Sub-ungual appendages of tarsi shrivelled up.
Ocular tubercle relatively smaller and less prominent anteriorly than
in sclatcri.

Colour. Mandibles yellow or testaceous, with the 3 longitudinal
stripes of the last species faintly marked in one specimen. Head-
plate black-ferruginous, paler along the median line and at the
posterior and lateral borders ; the eye-tubercle black. Legs yellowish,
the femora and tibiae of the III. and IV. pairs, and the palps from
the distal portion of the femur to the apex, dark ferruginous, all
these segments with a yellow stripe on the under surface ; the II.
pair of legs darkened at the apex of the femora and at the base of
the tibiae. Malleoli not black-edged. Abdomen wholly ferruginous
black, the hairs on the terga very short, yellowish, those on the
sides long, white or whitish, silky ; the ventral surface densely
covered with short, stiff, erect, whitish hairs, all of which have a
curious, minutely Y-shaped fork at the apex. Mandibles, head-
plate, and limbs thickly covered with very short whitish hairs, with
some longer hairs and setse interspersed amongst them.

Mandibles. Terminal fang of upper jaw T long and slender,
gradually curving downwards towards the apex, not sigmoid ; the
"2 distal teeth strong, remote from the apex, the first just anterior
to the front edge of the flagellum, the second normal, not produced
backwards at the base in the form of a long keel, but directly
followed by the outer series of the double row ; these sharp and not
very small, the first of the inner row spiniform. Lower jaw with

Neio and Little Known South African, Solifuyce. 399

the posterior tooth large and strong, preceded by a very small tooth
(in one jaw there is a minute tooth between these in addition) ;
anterior to the small tooth are a pair of thin keels, one on the inner
and one on the outer edge of the upper surface ; the inner keel is
sub-dentiform and directed upwards and inwards, the outer keel
forms a long low ridge directed upwards and in a line with the teeth
of the jaw. These two keels are very characteristic.

Flagellum somewhat resembling that of sclateri but much shorter,
the apical part quite straight and terminating on each side of the
ocular tubercle almost in a line with its hind margin. At the
anterior bend the flagellum is strongly compressed laterally, but at
the basal end it is scarcely enlarged, although provided on the
median side with a small inflation (apparently corresponding to that
on the outer side of the basal enlargement of Solpuga) ; the basal
end protected by a row of stiff feathery bristles, which do not,
however, reach the apex of the jaw. The anterior half of the
flagellurn is minutely sulcate above and in front, the outer keel
bounding the sulcus being a continuation of the very high keel at
the anterior bend, as in sclateri ; in its posterior half, however, the
flagellum is cylindrical without trace of the keel.

Measurements. Total length 20A- ; length of head-plate 3J, width
4 ; length of mandible 5, width 2 ; length of flagellum 3 ; length of
palp 15, tibia 4|, metatarsus + tarsus 4i ; length of III. leg 16 ;
length of IV. leg 24-|, tibia 6, metatarsus 4-|.

Locality. Two males (dry, No. 1055) labelled " Walfish Bay,"
Damaraland (Mr. Clcverlcy).

CEROMA CAPENSE, n. sp.

(Figs. 15-156.)

? . Colouration. Very similar in the markings to sclateri, but
much less deeply infuscate. Mandibles pale yellow, with only one
longitudinal infuscate stripe (corresponding to the middle one of
the three in sclateri), not marbled. Head-plate similar to that of
sclateri, differing only in having the marmorate markings much less
distinct, the whole central area thus appearing plain yellow to the
unaided eye. Terga and sides of abdomen uniformly pale infuscate,
the sides not darker than the terga ; the sides are paler and the
terga darker than the corresponding surfaces in sclateri, and the
three infuscate dorsal stripes are quite absent. Legs marked as in
sclateri, but the infuscation is a little paler, and the legs are pale
yellow distally. Malleoli not black-edged.

400 Annals of the South African Museum.

Palps with the metatarsus and tarsus stout, straight, and equally
thick throughout. Armature of the legs and palps and the shape
and colouration of the sub-lingual appendages as in sclatcri. I. leg
as in sclaterl.

Mandibles very bristly, with a dense cluster of reddish bristles on
the inner side towards the apex. Terminal fang of upper jaw long
and slender, very curiously shaped and divided into two portions :
the basal portion, commencing on a level with the first tooth of the
inner series and forming about two-fifths of the length of the fang,
is hairless, yellowish, slender, almost cylindrical and sharply marked
off from the rest of the jaw ; it is directed forwards ; the distal
portion of the fang is a continuation of the median half of the basal
portion, the lateral half of the latter terminating abruptly, as if the
fang had been transversely cut half-way through its thickness from
the lateral side and then the lateral portion of the distal part sliced
off by a longitudinal vertical cut (fig. 15ft). The distal portion of
I lie fang is dark red and is bent sharply outwards from the base, so
strongly that it forms a right angle with the corresponding portion
of the other jaw ; it is further twisted on its axis so that what is
outer surface proximally becomes upper surface distally, while in the
region of the twist this surface is strongly concave ; the upper
margin is, moreover, strongly compressed and forms a sharp-edged
keel, which terminates abruptly in an angle at the twist. Dentition
of the upper jaw composed of a posterior double series of 3 outer
and 3 inner, small, separate teeth, the single series in front of
these represented by a low black crenular keel under the basal
portion of the fang, but without any separate teeth ; the distal
portion of the fang without teeth. Lower jaw strongly curved up-
wards and outwards at the apex and provided with 2 large teeth and
1 small one between them ; in one jaw there is another very minute
denticle in front of the small tooth ; the terminal fang is simple.

Measurements. Total length 14^; length of head-plate 3, width
3Jf ; length of mandible 3f, width 2f ; length of palp 11-S-, tibia 3J,
metatarsus -f tarsus 4 ; length of III. leg 9f ; length of IV. leg 16,
tibia 4^-, metatarsus 3.

Locality. One $ (No. 2843) from Mr. Hertzog's farm " Berg-
vliet," Constantia area, Cape Peninsula, captured by myself in
October, 1896.

New and Little Knrnni Soutli African SoUfuga.. 401

GEN. SOLPUGA, Licht.,
1796, Lichtenstein, Cat. rerum nat., iii., p. 216.

Characters. Tarsus of II. and III. leg four-jointed, of IV. leg
seven-jointed, the sub-ungual appendages small and not strongly
divaricating. Tarsus of I. leg without claws. Metatarsus of palps
appearing thick in the proximal half but attenuated in the distal
half , especially when viewed from the side (Fig. 19), the tarsus again
thickened and immovably fused with the metatarsus ; under side of
the latter with a large number of irregularly arranged bristles, made
up of short truncated and long pointed ones (in the lineata group
these bristles, especially the longer ones, are minutely bifid at the
apex). Basal enlargement of flagellum flat on the inner side, which
is furnished with a narrow posterior border separated by a curved
groove from the rest of the surface (Figs. 16, 17, &c.), the outer face
turgid in the upper part but immovably fixed in the lower part to the
inner upper edge of the mandible at the base of the terminal fang ;
the basal enlargement produced anteriorly into the procurrent
portion of the shaft, which is also firmly attached to the upper
surface of the terminal fang. Ocular tubercle with more than two
anterior setae. Upper lobe of rostrum evenly pointed, never deflexed
at the apex.

Young. Five very young specimens (?) of .S'. rincta, Koch, from
Signal Hill, Cape Town, measuring between 8 and 9 mm. in length,
and provided with 5 pairs of malleoli, had the tarsus of the II. and
III. legs one-jointed, and that of the IV. leg two-jointed. (In the
next smallest specimens, 15 mm. long, these tarsi were jointed as
in the adult.) Besides these the Museum possesses several other
specimens from various parts of the Colony, most, if not all, of
which are perhaps the young of Solpuga, although the species cannot
be determined. In all of these the tarsi are segmented as in the
younger specimens of S. mncta. In the smallest example, measuring
8i mm., there are only 3 pairs of malleoli, but in all the others, the
largest of which measures 13| mm., there are 5 pairs. The meta-
tarsus of the palp, moreover, resembles that of Ceroma in not being
attenuated distally, although this attenuation was observed in all
immature specimens of Solpuga which showed the normal number of
tarsal segments. The ocular bristles are also much fewer in
number, the anterior side of the tubercle generally possessing a
large anterior pair, a little behind which a second much smaller pair
occurs.

Nearly all the species known to me may be arranged in three

402 Annals of the South African Museum.

groups, to which a fourth is provisionally added for the reception of
a single species of doubtful affinity. These groups appear to be
quite natural. The first two differ only in characters confined to
the one or the other sex, and are closely related, but the third group
appears to stand somewhat apart from the other two.

Synopsis of the identified Species of SOLPUGA in the Museum.

ADULT MALES.

GROUP I. Upper jaw of mandibles without long toothless spaces, the distal or
single row composed of 4-5 teeth in an uninterrupted series.

a. Flagellum distinctly and finely serrated distally along the upper edge.

a 1 . Terminal fang of upper jaw weak, with strong internal tooth. Bushman-
land schlechteri, n. sp. (p. 411)

b l . Terminal fang strong and long, with minute internal tooth. Matabele-
land serraticornis, n. sp. (p. 409)

b. Flagellum not serrated along upper edge.

a 2 . Flagellum strongly sinuate above near the apex, reaching backwards
beyond the middle of the mandible.

a 1 . Flagellum with a strong tooth near the apex. C. Col. (Western Divs.)

Icthalis, Koch. (p. 405)

b-\ Flagellum not toothed. C. Col. (Central and Eastern Divs.)

reiiator, Poc. (p. 407)

b 2 . Flagellum not strongly sinuate at the apex or else very short.

a 4 . Basal enlargement of flagellum very long and low, the upper edge
almost straight (slightly concave) for a long distance. Rhodesia (also
Delagoa B., Pocock) monteiroi, Poc.

b 4 . Basal enlargement high, rounded or keeled above.

a 5 . Flagellum with a short strong tooth near apex. Transvaal

venosa, n. sp. (p. 412)

6-\ Flagellum not toothed, cuneiform, much broader than the fang
below the anterior bend. Rhodesia . . cuneicornis, n. sp. (p. 413)

cs. Flagellum not toothed, broadly subulate, narrower than the fang
below the anterior bend. Mashonaland sericea, Poc.

f?5. Flagellum extremely short, with a slender inner process and a
lobe-like outer process near the apex. Clanwilliam Div.

cervina, n. sp. (p. 415)

cs. Flagellum rod-like, with a long slender process near the apex.
Cape Div fusca, Koch. (p. 417)

New and Little Known South African Solifiif/a'. 403

GROUP II. Upper jaw with long toothless space in the single series.

a 6 . Flagellurn remote from the apex of fang.

al. Recurrent portion of flagellum serrated along three edges. Cape Div.

vincta, Koch. (p. 420)

bT. Recurrent portion serrated along one edge only. Namaqualand Div.

spectralis, n. sp. (p. 424)

&. Recurrent portion with slender keel but not serrated

Tillosa, n. sp. (p. 422)

W. Flagellum close to the apex of fang, filiform, minutely cultrate at the apex.

a 8 . Flagellum occupying the whole upper width of the narrow fang at the
anterior bend. P. Elizabeth lateralis, Koch. (p. 425)

b 8 . Flagellum occupying only the inner half of the wide upper surface of the
fang at the bend cult-rat a, n. sp. (p. 427)

GROUP III. Upper jaw with an uninterrupted distal or single series, composed
of 7-10 teeth. Namaqualand and Carnarvon Divs. lincata, Koch. (p. 428)

FEMALES AND NEARLY MATURE YOUNG.

GROUPS I. and II. Upper jaw of mandibles with 4-5 teeth in the single or
distal series, without toothless intervals.

a. Hairs on the posterior tergal plates of abdomen more or less yellowish and
sub-similar in colour to those on the sides of the abdomen.

f/ 1 . Head-plate marmorate cervina, n. sp. (p. 415)

b'. Head-plate not marmorate.

it 2 . Dorsal and ventral surfaces of abdomen similarly coloured.

a 3 . Upper jaw with 2 small teeth between the second and third large
tooth Icthalis, Koch. (p. 405)

6 3 . Upper jaw with only 1 small tooth between the second and third
large tooth venator, Poc. (p. 407)

b 2 . Dorsal surface of abdomen black, ventral surface much paler.

serraticornis, n. sp. (p. 409)

b. Hairs on the posterior tergal plates dark-brown to black, those on the sides
of the abdomen white to yellow.

H-*. Lower jaw with 2-3 small teeth between the 2 large ones.

fnsca, Koch. (p. 417)

b 4 . Lower jaw with only 1 small tooth between the 2 large ones. (Sternal
plates of the I. abdominal segment produced at the posterior median
angles in the adult ? .) (GROUP II.)

a s . Hind-legs without a mane.

a 6 . Tergal plates of abdomen entirely black-ferruginous, the sides of
abdomen with yellowish-white hairs . . lateralis, Koch. (p. 425)

404 Annals of the Soutli African Museum.

b 6 . Anterior tergal plates ferruginous-brown in the middle and
blackened laterally, the posterior ones entirely ferruginous-black,
the hairs on the sides of abdomen yellowish white, those bordering
the tergal plates bright yellow vincta, Koch. (p. 420)

65. Hind legs with a distinct mane on upper side . . rillosa, n. sp. (p. 422)

GROUP III. Upper jaw of mandibles with the distal series composed of 7-10
teeth.

a?. Head-plate with 4, mandibles each with 2 dark stripes above.

lineata, Koch. (p. 428)

6". Head-plate uniformly yellow brevipalpus, n. sp. (p. 431)

GROUP IV. Upper jaw with the anterior tooth far remo% 7 ed from the second
tooth, as well as remote from the apex of the jaw

nigro-braccata, n. sp. (p. 431)

I. -The LETHALIS Group.

l>en tit inn i if upper jaw subs/ in i In r in the tico sexes, the distal or
single .srr/V.s > in-posed of 4-5 teeth, which are not separated into groups
by one or more long toothless intervals (figs. 16-22a).

In the first abdominal sternite the posterior median angles of the
halves are rectangular or rounded, but not produced in the adult
female. In the male the metatarsus of the palp is distinctly scopu-
late below for a portion of its length ; the upper margin of the basal
enlargement of flagellum is obtuse and rounded, or elevated in the
posterior part to form an angular ridge (but rarely forming a high
thin keel) ; the terminal fang of the upper jaw is not elevated along
the inner edge of the upper side to form a groove for the reception of
the flagellum, although often slightly dilated inwards. Palps exceed-
ing, rarely equalling, the III. leg in length. Posterior legs with
numerous shorter and a small number of very long hairs, which
never form a mane (in scn'cea, Poc., however, the long hairs are very
numerous).

Mostly large or very large species of a yellow colour, the upper
surface often blackened, the abdominal terga mostly uniformly
coloured. The large forms appear to be nocturnal in their habits,
but the small fusca, Koch, and sericea, Poc., which have white silvery
hairs on the sides of the abdomen, are diurnal.

The species which belong here are :

(a) Species with the hairs on the abdomen uniformly coloured
(probably all or nearly all nocturnal) : letlialis, Koch, venator, Poc.,
scJilechteri, n. sp., sermticornis, n. sp., inonteiroi, Poc., venosa, n. sp.,

New ami Lit/If Known Xnuili Afiican Holifityce. 405

cuneicornis, n. sp., cervina, n. sp. ; also the following, which are
unknown to me : ferox, Poc., darlingi, Poc., &c.

(6) Diurnal species with the hairs on the sides of the abdomen
white, contrasting strongly (at least in the males) with the dark
hairs on the posterior dorsal plates : sericca, Poc. (with the upper
fang carinate above in the distal half), audfusca, Koch.

SOLPUGA LETHALIS, C. L. Koch.*

C. L. Koch, Arch, fur Naturg., viii., Bd. i., p. 352, 1842; Die
Arachn., xv., p. 70, fig. 1465, $ & J , 1848.

Flagellum. Basal enlargement longer than high, semicircular in
outline, the superior inner edge rather sharply prominent. Pro-
current part of shaft very short, much shorter than the basal enlarge-
ment ; the anterior face of the bend situated on a level with (i.e.,
directly over), or only very slightly anterior to, the apex of the first
tooth of upper jaw (all specimens from Namaqualand), or much
farther forward, about midway between the first tooth and the apex
of the jaw (specimens from Clanwilliam and Worcester), while in the
specimen from the Paarl the bend is almost directly over the first
tooth in one jaw but much more anterior to this tooth in the other
jaw. Eecurrent portion of shaft very long, reaching, when depressed,
to hind margin of eyes or even further back a little beyond the
tubercle (the distance of the apex of the depressed flagellum from
the hind edge of the eye varying from 0-1|- mm.) ; shaft straight or
nearly so for the greater part of its length, running nearly parallel to
the upper surface of the mandible or more commonly ascending (the
distance of the eyes from the nearest part of the flagellum thus
varying in spirit specimens from | to H times the width of the eye-

* If we exclude Great Bushmanland in the north, I find that all large yellow
males from the western Divisions of the Cape Colony have the flagellum toothed
near the apex, and all large yellow females from these parts are provided with
two small teeth between the second and third large ones in the upper jaw. I
am informed by Professor Kraepelin that this western species is identical with
S. letlialis, Koch. On the other hand, all large yellow males from the Divisions
to the east of those inhabited by lethalis have an untoothed flagellum, and the
large yellow females from these Divisions have only one small tooth in the upper
jaw (except in an abnormal case, where there were three small teeth in one of
the jaws). This eastern form is S. venator, Poc.

As S. lethalis and venator are the only species of which I have been able to
examine a fair number of specimens of both sexes from a number of different
localities, I have taken the opportunity to point out the extent of the variations
observable in several of the organs, especially as regards length. Information on
this point should, I think, be of some service to the systematist.

406 Annals of tlic, South African Museum.

tubercle) ; the space between the basal enlargement and the recur-
rent shaft not exceeding the width of the latter. The shaft is
strongly sinuate above near the apex, the length of the sinus being
about equal to the width of the eye-tubercle ; the posterior end of
the sinuated portion is provided at the lower (posterior) outer edge
with a sharp tooth, beyond which the shaft is continued for a short
distance to terminate in a sharp point ; the tooth is situated over or
slightly behind the eyes when the flagellum is depressed, and is
never absent. The shaft is also cylindrical throughout and quite
smooth, except on the anterior half of the sinuated portion, which is
provided with an oblique and very minutely granular band, com-
mencing anteriorly on the upper surface and ending behind on the
outer side.

Upper jaic of mandibles in $ . Terminal fang short and weak,
curving downwards and outwards at the apex but without sigmoid
flexure ; the fang flattened at the base above and slightly dilated on
the inner side, the dilation often minutely and angularly prominent
or almost toothlike anteriorly. First and second tooth large, straight,
followed by 2 small teeth, the anterior of which may be very minute
or even absent from one or both jaws, the last tooth of the single
series large, quadrate, emarginate at apex. Lower ja-w with 2 large
curved teeth and a much smaller tooth between them just in front of
the hind one.

Upper jaw in ? and young with 3 large strong teeth in the single
series and a pair of small ones between the second and third, the
anterior of these small teeth very minute, although apparently never
absent. Lower jaw with 2 large teeth and a small one between them.

Colour. Entirely pale yellow to reddish yellow, the skin of the
abdomen generally darker greyish yellow or grey (often very dark in
badly preserved spirit specimens). The long hairs and the bristles
on the legs and head-plate, and especially those on the mandibles,
reddish or reddish yellow ; the hairs on the abdomen yellower and
generally of a beautiful golden colour, sometimes with a reddish
tinge. Terga not differently coloured from the sides of the abdomen.
Malleoli pale. Head-plate irifuscated just behind the pale anterior
border.

Legs and palps with a thick under-coat of very short hairs, which
are much more numerous than the longer ones.

Dimensions. $ : Tibia of palp a little shorter than (18'7 : 19'1),
equal to, or a little longer than (17'4 : 16'9) the metatarsus + tarsus
and always exceeding the tibia of IV. leg (by lj 2^- mm.). $ :
Width of head-plate equal to or considerably less than the tibia of

New and Little Known South African Solifngce. 407

palp, and slightly less than, equal to, or slightly greater than the
tibia of IV. leg. Tibia of palp shorter than its metatarsus + tarsus,
but equal to or longer than the tibia of IV. leg.

Measurements * of a large <? and 5 (No. 2826, from Elizabeth-
fontein, Clanw. Div.). Total length 3 50, ? 60; length of head-
plate $ 9i, ? 9, width 3 11, ? 12 ; length of mandible $ 1U, ? 17,
width 3- 5, ? 6 ; length of flagellum 14 ; length of palp 3 58, ? 45,
tibia S 18f , ? 14, metatarsus + tarsus $ 19, ? 15 ; length of III. leg
3 50, ? 39 ; length of IV. leg y 79, ? 61.

Localities. The Museum possesses 6 ad. $ , 7 ad. ? , and 4 young
from the western Divisions of the Colony, extending from the
Orange Eiver southwards as far as Malmesbury, Paarl, and Wor-
cester, viz. :

(a) Namaqualand Div. 1 ad. 3 from Kraaiwater, near Naroep,
Great Bushmanland (M. Schlechtcr), 1 ad. $ from Steinkopf (W. H.
Tuiie), 1 ad. $ and 1 ad. ? from Ookiep (Dr. Howard] ; also 2 ad.
? from Namaqualand (M. Schlechter and W. C. Scully).

(b) Clanwilliam Div. 1 ad. 3 and 1 ad. ? from Elizabethfontein
(1,000 feet, Miss M. Bcrgh), 1 ad. ? from Wupperthal (C. L. Lei-
poldt), and 1 juv. from Clanwilliam village (C. L. Leipoldt).

(c) Malmesbury Div. 1 ? (dried) from the village of Malmesbury
(Dr. E. H. Eozenziveig}.

(d) Paarl Div. 1 ad. $ from the Paarl village (Eev. J. F. Cur-
lewis) .

(c) Worcester Div. 1 ad. $ from the village of Worcester (J.
Lycett), 1 ad. ? and 1 juv. from Eabiesberg, near Nuy Eiver
(F. Purcell), and 2 juv. from Touws Eiver (Dr. W. P. Le Feuvre).

Besides these there is an ad. $ and an ad. 5 without locality
(Eev. G. H. E. Fisk).

SOLPUGA VENATOR, Poc.

Pocock, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xx., p. 258, fig. 7, $ .

Flagellum very variable in length, reaching to above the centre of
the eyes in the northern variety but terminating a little distance

* Throughout this paper the total length includes the mandibles ; the length
of the legs is taken along the upper side from the apex of the tarsus to the base
of the first free segment, that of the palps to the posterior upper edge of the first
free segment ; the length of the head-plate is measured along the median line
from the anterior surface of the ocular tubercle, and that of the mandible is taken
laterally from the apex to the hinge ; that of the flagellum from the apex to the
anterior bend.

40M Annah of the South African Museum.

before the eye-tubercle in more southern varieties.* Basal enlarge-
ment like that of lethalis, except that the upper edge is less sharply
or not at all angular. Recurrent part cylindrical, except quite
anteriorly at the bend, with a similar sinus at apex, but without trace
of apical tooth ; anterior surface of bend on a level with the apex of
first tooth of jaw, or farther forward midway between this tooth and
the apex of the jaw.

Dentition and terminal fang as in lethalis, except that there is only
one small tooth between the second and third large ones in the upper
jaw in both sexes (in a ? from Victoria W. one jaw has 3 such
small teeth and the other only one, but this is doubtless an
abnormity).

Colour as in lethalis.

Measurements of large $ and $ (from Naroep). Total length
$ 57, ? 75 ; length of head-plate $ 11, ? 11, width $ 12, ? 15;
length of mandibles $ 16, ? 20, width 3 5f , ? 7f ; length of
flagellurn 13 ; length of palp $ G8, ? 54, tibia S 22, ? 16,
metatarsus + tarsus 3 20^, ? 17; length of III. leg $ 57, ? 46;
length of IV. leg $ 82, 2 71, tibia $ 18, ? 15, metatarsus
$ 16$, ? 13i.

Localities (in Cape Colony). (a) Sutherland Div. : 1 ad. $
(dried) from the Little Roggeveld (/. Lycett).

(/>) Pr. Albert Div. : 1 ad. ? from Laingsburg (D. Can').

(c) Beaufort W. Div. : 1 ad. $ , dried (L. Peringuey).

(d) Middelburg Div. : 1 ad. ? from Middelburg (Dr. C. S.
Piers).

(e) Victoria West Div. : 1 ad. 5 from Wagenaars Kraal (Dr.
C. S. Piers).

(/') Carnarvon Div. : 2 ad. $ and 4 juv. from Van Wyks Vlei
(E. G. and D. C. Alston).

(g) Kenhart Div. : 2 ad. ? from Pofadder, in Great Bushman-
land (Max Schlechter).

(h) Narnaqualand Div. : 1 ad. $ and 2 ad. ? from Naroep and

* The apex of the flagellum, when depressed, may be distant from the ocular
tubercle \\ times the width of the latter ( 3 from Sutherland Div.), once this
width ( s from Beaufort W.), f , , or ^-J this width (a d from Van Wyks Vlei) ;
in another <? from Van Wyks Vlei one flagellum is J this width from the
tubercle, while the other reaches the eye itself ; in one <j from Bushmanland
the apex just touches the anterior side of the tubercle, while in the other it
reaches to the centre of the eye. Different as two extreme cases may appear, it
is nevertheless impossible to specifically separate these specimens, which do not
otherwise differ except in slight and unimportant variations in the relative
lengths of the segments of the limbs.

New and Little Known South African Solifugce. 409

1 ad. $ from Kraaiwater, near Naroep, Great Bushuianland (Max
Schlechter).

Also 2 ad. $ without locality (Sir Bartle Frere, Rev. G. H. It.
Fisk), and 1 juv. labelled " Nisbet Bath" (Warmbad, in Great
Namaqualand) .

The distribution of this species is interesting. It evidently
occupies the whole of those dry regions of the Colony (without winter
rains) which lie to the east of the coast strip with winter rains
occupied by letlialis. The only locality where both species have
been found to occur is Great Bushmanland (without winter rains),
where, however, lethalis appears to be very rare. In fact at Naroep
the males of no less than three large yellow species have been found
living side by side by Mr. M. Schlechter, viz., lethalis, venator, and
schlechteri.

SOLPUGA SERRATICOBNIS, 11. sp.

(Figs. 16, 16a.)

$ (Type). Flagellum reaching back a little beyond the middle of
the mandible, ending far in front of the ocular tubercle. Basal
enlargement high, the anterior upper edge less curved than the very
convex posterior edge but not forming an angle with the latter.
Procurreut portion of flagellum short. Recurrent portion forming a
bold curve high above the basal enlargement, the curve occupying
three-fourths of the length and having the concavity facing down-
wards ; the distal fourth of the recurrent portion forms a smaller
curve also opening downwards, and where the two curvatures join a
sinus opening upwards is formed. The recurrent portion is stout
anteriorly, terete, not flattened, tapering towards the apex, and pro-
vided with a minutely but sharply denticulate crest in the posterior
third or fourth of its length. This crest runs along the middle of the
outer surface anteriorly, but along the upper outer edge more
posteriorly, ending a little distance from the apex, which is sharply
pointed (fig. 16a).

Upper jaw of mandibles with 3 large teeth in the single row, the
first two being straight, not hooked, while between the second and
third are 2 small teeth (tig. 16). Terminal fang strong, long and
curved downwards but not outwards, more convex than flattened
above (except just under the bend of the flagellum), scarcely dilated
on the inner side, but provided here with a minute tooth, which is,
however, hardly large enough for the lower jaw to close against it.

410

Annals of the South African Museum.

Lower jaw with 2 large hooked teeth and a smaller tooth between
these just anterior to the hinder one.

Dentition of ? as in lethalis, the upper jaw with 2 small teeth
between the second and third large ones.

Colour. Head-plate and mandibles reddish yellow, the head-plate
infuscated just behind the pale anterior border ; the legs also
reddish yellow in the ? , but pale yellow in the $ . Under side of

19

tiolj)uga serrat'icornis, n. sp. 3 . Fig. 1G, left mandible from inner side. Fig.
16, apex of right flagellum from the lateral side more highly magnified.

S. schlechteri, n. sp. $ . Fig. 17, right mandible from lateral side. Fig. Via,
distal part of same mandible from above.

S. veiiosa, 11. sp. 3 Fig. 18, left mandible from inner side. Fig. ISa, apex of
left flagellum from above.

S. lethalis, Koch. Fig. 19, metatarsus and tarsus of palp from the side. Fig.
19o, rostrum (apical tuft of hairs not sketched in).

body pale yellow, greyish in one 5 specimen. The tergal plates of
the abdomen and the upper portion of the soft skin on each side of
these plates black. The hairs and bristles on the legs, head-plate,

New and Little Known South African Solifugce. 411

and especially on the mandibles reddish or reddish yellow, those on
the back and sides of abdomen uniformly reddish yellow. Malleoli
pale.

Locality. One male (type, No. 1180) from Buluwayo (Rev. Dr.
F. Kolbc). One ad. 2 from Umgusi, near Buluwayo (R. Pratt),
and another from Southern Rhodesia (R. Pillans).

Measurements of the Buluwayo Specimens. Total length $ 40,

2 (abdomen not distended) 58 (in Mr. Pillaii's specimen 73, the

abdomen being much distended) ; length of head-plate $ 8, 5 10,

width $ 10, 2 15 ; length of mandible $ 12, ? 20, width $ 4$,

2 7 ; length of nagellum 5f ; length of palp $ 41, 2 41, tibia
$ 14, 2 13, metatarsus + tarsus $ 13f, ? 134- ; length of III. leg

3 38, 2 35 ; length of IV. leg $ 56, 2 56, tibia $ 12, 2 !!,
metatarsus $ II, 2 10.

SOLPUGA SCHLECHTEEI, 11. sp.

(Figs. 17, 17.)

$ . Flag ell um moderately long, reaching back as far as the middle
of the mandible. Basal enlargement high, its posterior margin very
convex, its upper margin much straighter and strongly sloping
forwards, forming a blunt angle with the posterior margin. Pro-
current portion of nagellum short, the anterior bend high, situated
just over the first tooth of the upper jaw. Recurrent portion sinuate
above behind the middle and again below near the apex, the whole
anterior portion (that lying above and before the basal enlargement)
much flattened ; the middle portion cylindrical ; the distal third of
the recurrent portion strongly compressed laterally in its basal half,
but finely subulate in the apical half. This distal third is sinuated
throughout its length below, while its upper edge is minutely serrated
nearly to the apex, the serration commencing anteriorly along the
outer side of the upper surface but crossing over to the inner side of
this surface posteriorly. Seen from above (fig. 17 a) the flagellum
appears broadest anteriorly and becomes gradually narrower up to
the commencement of the distal third, but seen from the side it
appears thickest in the middle (fig. 17). The anterior portion lies
some little distance above the basal enlargement.

Upper jaw with 3 large teeth in the single row ; between the
second and third large tooth are 2 small teeth, of which the anterior
one is very minute ; the 2 anterior large teeth confluent at their
base and stumpy. Terminal fang very short, curved, its upper

412 Annals of the South African Museum.

surface flattened but not grooved, dilated on the inner side, the
dilation ending anteriorly in a strong tooth against which the lower
jaw closes. Lower jaw with 2 large strong teeth and a small tooth
between them, just in front of the hind one ; this hind tooth
recurved at the apex, and provided in one of the jaws with a minute
additional tooth on its anterior surface ; the large anterior tooth
straight, scarcely recurved at the apex.

Colour as in lethalis, entirely pale yellow, the long hairs and
bristles on the legs, head-plate and mandibles, tinged with reddish,
those on the abdomen pale yellow. Head-plate infuscate just behind
the pale anterior border. Malleoli pallid.

Measurements of $ . Total length 53 ; length of head-plate 9-f and
equal to the icidth ; length of mandible 13, width 5; length of
flagellum 7i; length of palp 55, tibia 18, metatarsus + tarsus 17 ;
length of III. leg 50 ; length of IV. leg 76, tibia 17, metatarsus 15.

Locality. One adult $ (type, No. 3788) from Naroep, Great
Bushmanland, Narnaqualand Div., collected in March, 1898, by Mr.
Max Schlechtcr, who has discovered no less than three new Solifugie
in Bushmanland.

SOLPUGA VENOSA, 11. Sp.

(Figs. 18, 18a.)

. Flagellum reaching back beyond the middle of the
mandible but terminating some distance in front of the eye-tubercle.
Basal enlargement high, rounded, the upper edge forming a short
sharp ridge in the posterior part. Procurrent portion of flagellum
extremely short, the anterior bend situated above or very slightly
anterior to the first tooth of the jaw and very close to the basal
enlargement. Recurrent portion almost touching the basal enlarge-
ment, compressed from above and below ; the anterior three-fourths
nearly straight (except quite anteriorly), becoming slightly narrower
posteriorly (when seen from above), where it is bifid, the median
branch forming a short sharp tooth, while the lateral, which forms
the distal fourth of the recurrent portion, is much longer, lightly
sinuate above, with the apex laterally compressed and dilated above
into a knife-like edge.

Upper jaw of iwtmliblcx with the first and second tooth strong,
straight, followed by a pair of smaller teeth (the first of which is
very minute), and another large one at the end of the single series.
Terminal fang short and weak, curved downwards and slightly out-

Nciv and Little Known South African Solifuyce. 413

wards at the apex, flattened at the base above and provided on the
inner side with a minute tooth or weak tubercle. Lower jaw with
2 large teeth and a small tooth between them, just in front of the
hinder one.

Colour. Head -plate yellowish, the anterior portion reddish,
infuscated just behind the pale anterior border ; mandibles yellowish
at the sides, reddish above ; three posterior pairs of legs reddish, the
basal joint or joints yellow below and behind, especially in the last
pair ; tarsi pale yellow ; tibiae and some of the femora with branched
crimson veins on the outer surface. Tergal plates of abdomen deep
black, the soft skin on each side of them crimson, the rest of the
lateral surface and the under side pale. Hairs on the legs pale
yellow or somewhat reddened, those on the mandibles and some on
the head-plate reddish ; hairs on the dorsal, lateral, and under
surfaces of the abdomen uniformly golden yellow. Malleoli infuscate
at apex.

Locality. 1 $ (type, No. 3801), captured about twenty miles
east of Pietersburg, Zoutpansberg Distr., Transvaal, by the Eev.
J. W. Daneel.

Measurements. Total length 33; length of head-plate 5i, width
6^ ; length of mandible 81, width 3, length of flagellum 5J ; palps
wanting ; length of III. leg 26 ; length of IV. leg 42, tibia 9J,
metatarsus 8.

SOLPUGA CUNEICOKNIS, n. Sp.

(Figs. 20, 20.)

3 Flagellum short, reaching a little distance behind the basal
enlargement, but not as far as the middle of the mandible. The
basal enlargement high, triangular in outline, the posterior edge
convex, the autero-superior edge quite straight, strongly inclined
forwards and forming a sharp angle with the posterior edge above.
This angle is caused by the upper edge being produced into a thin,
high, vertical, lamellar keel. Shaft extremely broad at the anterior
bend (which is a little behind the level of the first tooth of upper
jaw), being here almost twice the width of the fang below it, the
recurrent portion strongly flattened anteriorly and gradually narrow-
ing towards the middle, where a slight twist round the axis occurs.
Seen from above the anterior half of the recurrent portion thus
appears foliaceous and cuneiform, and the distal half subulate ; but
from the side the anterior half appears filiform, while the distal half,
although still subulate in appearance, is a little broader anteriorly

28

414 Annals of tlie South African Museum.

than when viewed from above. The distal half is also slightly
bent outwards from the twist, while the foliaceous anterior half is
furnished above with a number of longitudinal striae and a wider
paler line along the middle, like the leaf of a palm.

Upper jaw of mandibles with the terminal fang short and rather
weak, moderately curved downwards and outwards but without
sigmoid flexure, the upper surface rather flattened and slightly dilated
internally, the dilation ending angularly or in a minute tooth
anteriorly (Fig. 20a). First tooth of upper jaw small, second tooth
large, third and fourth small, about as large as the first, fifth (last
tooth of the single series) large. Lower jaw with 2 large curved
teeth and a smaller tooth between, just in front of the hinder tooth.

Colour. Ground colour a very pale yellow, but the upper surface
and the legs much darkened with purplish black and in places
marmorate. Head-plate finely marbled with purplish black, darker
near the periphery, more yellowish in the centre, a fine, median,
longitudinal line yellow ; the eye-tubercle black. Mandible only
slightly marbled, a lateral and a pair of dorsal stripes on the basal
part dark purplish black. Tergal plates of abdomen irregularly
tinged with purplish black on a yellow background, the lateral edges
bordered by a fine black line. Palps from the distal half of the
femur to the apex, also the distal part of the femur, the tibia and the
proximal part of the metatarsus of the legs more or less purplish-
black. Sides and under-surface of abdomen yellowish brown. Hairs
reddish ; those on the abdomen paler, reddish yellow. Malleoli pale.

First six or seven dorsal plates of abdomen nearly devoid of fine
hairs, but provided with a comparatively small number of isolated,
symmetrically disposed, reddish bristles of various sizes, some being
very stout, especially six along the hind margin and two nearer the
centre of each plate, these similar to the large ones on the eye-
tubercle. Sides and under surface of abdomen thickly clothed with
soft hairs. Ocular tubercle with a limited number of bristles, which
are symmetrically disposed in a regular semicircle of 5-6 setae
round each eye ; the anterior bristle stout, being the largest of the
row, the posterior ones decreasing successively, the second of the
row also long, the third moderate, situated on the summit of the
tubercle, the rest small and on the posterior half of the tubercle ;
between the second and third seta is a fine hair, and there are
further a small number of fine hairs (4-6) on the anterior part of
the eye-tubercle. Palps with many short, stout spines below on meta-
tarsus (and a few also on tibia and end of femur), in addition to the
scopula and truncated bristles.

New and Little Known South African Solifiujce. 415

Locality .One $ (type, No. 3799) from Southern Rhodesia
(B. Pillans).

Measurements. Total length 17; length of head-plate 3, width 4;
length of mandible 4|, width 2 ; length of flagellum 2 ; length of
palp 18, tibia 6, metatarsus -)- tarsus 5^; length of III. leg
length of IV. leg 27, tibia 6, metatarsus 5.

SOLPUGA CERVINA, 11. sp.

(Figs. 21, 21a.)

Flagellum. Basal enlargement high, the upper and hinder borders
continuously convex. Whole shaft procurrent,* not at all recurved,
broad, strongly flattened from above, curving gently outwards and
very slightly upwards, thickened towards the apex and terminating
in a short, sharp, strongly curved spur, which is directed outwards
and upwards. On the outer edge of the thickened part is a strong,
obtuse, lobe-like process directed backwards and upwards; nearly
opposite this lobe and slightly distal to it on the inner edge is a
curved filiform process, exceeding the apical spur in length and
minutely serrated along the outer edge ; apex of flagellum situated
over or a little anterior to the apex of upper jaw.

Upper jaw of mandibles in $ with the first two teeth strong,
hooked, and rather remote from the apex of the jaw, followed after
a short interval by two smaller teeth, of which the anterior is very
minute ; fifth or last tooth of the single series strong and hooked.
Terminal fang long and slender, with distinct sigmoid flexure, strongly
depressed at the base (which bears the two hooked teeth), then
curving gently upwards, and then again downwards and strongly
outwards at the apex ; its surface rather convex above, the inner
side not dilated, provided with a minute tooth. Lower jaw as usual
(in one jaw the first tooth is not larger than the second), the upper
surface not sulcate, nor keeled laterally alongside the teeth.

$ . Between the second and third large tooth of the upper jaw
of the mandibles are two small ones, the anterior of which is very
minute. Lower jaw with one small tooth between the two large
ones. First segment of the abdominal sterna not produced behind
at the median angles.

* This species affords an excellent illustration of the alteration in position
which the flagellum often undergoes in the process of drying. If a spirit specimen
he exposed to the air for a short time, the flagellum curls up until its distal half
is quite curved backwards. On relaxing a dry specimen the organ appears to
return to its original position.

4 1C

Annul.* of tlie South African Museum.

Colour of $ and 5 . Very much as in cuneicornis but not so
dark. Ground colour pallid or pale yellowish, but the greater part
of the legs and of the upper surface of the body is of a dark purplish
tint. Head-plate with the borders and a median line pallid, the
central part on each side of the median line marmorate, the eye-
tubercle deep black. Mandibles pallid or yellowish, finely marbled
with purplish and provided with one lateral and two dorsal, darker,
purplish stripes. Tergal plates of abdomen purplish brown ; the
sides of the abdomen yellowish. The short basal segments of the
legs and the basal part of the femur of palps pallid or yellowish ; the

20

Solpuya cuneicornis, n. sp. <? . Fig. 20, right mandible from lateral side. Pig.
20a., distal part of same mandible from above.

S. ccrvina, n. sp. <j . Fig. 21, right mandible from lateral side. Fig. 21, apex
of same mandible from above.

S. fusca, Koch. Fig. 22, right mandible of <? from lateral side. Fig. 22a, right
mandible of ? from lateral side.

under side of the legs, their tibiae and metatarsi, and the apex of
the palp more or less pallid or pale yellowish. Hairs on legs and
abdomen reddish yellow, those on the head-plate and mandibles
darker. Malleoli pallid.

Terga of abdomen with a moderate number of bristly hairs. The
palp and IV. leg, or at least their tibiee, as in cuneicornis without
the under coat of short hairs found in the previous species. Ocular
tubercle with about eight distinct bristles and about as many finer
hairs, somewhat irregularly arranged, 011 the anterior half (besides
others on the posterior side).

Netr ami Little Knoint Hntttlt Africioi Soli/'i/f/ce. 417

Localities. (a) One $ (type, No. 2845) from the village of
Clanwilliam (G. L. Leipoldt, Nov., 1897), and 1 $ from the same
locality (E. M. Lightfoot).

(b) One $ (dry) without a history.

(c) One ? from Van Wyks Vlei, Carnarvon Div. (E. G. and
D. C. Alston], almost exactly resembling the ? from Clanwilliam ;
in one of the upper jaws the anterior of the two small teeth has all
but vanished.

(cl) One 5 from Steinkopf, Namaqualand, and one from Namies,
Bushmanland (If. Schlechter), both differing from the typical ? in
having only one small tooth between the second and third large
tooth of the upper jaw. As the anterior of these small teeth is very
minute in the typical $ , I do not consider its absence of specific
value, although of course the male must be found in these localities
too before the specific identity of these three specimens can be
considered certain.

Measurements of typical $ and ? . Total length 3 224-, ? 30 ;
length of head-plate $ 4, 5 3^, width $ 4f, $ 4^ ; length of
mandibles $ 6^, ? 8, width $ 2^, ? 2i ; length of palps $ 26,

? 23i, tibia $ 8, ? 1\, metatarsus + tarsus ^ 8^, ? 7f ; length
of III. leg $ 25, ? 21i; length of IV. leg $ 36i, ? 31, tibia

$ 7f, ? 6*, metatarsus $ 7, ? 6.

SOLPUGA FUSCA, C. L. Koch. ;:

(Figs. 22, 22.)

C. L. Koch, Arch. f. Naturg., viii., Bel. i., p. 352, 1842; Die

Arachniden, xv., p. 70, fig. 1470, $, 184S.

Flagellum. Basal enlargement high, rotundate in outline. Anterior
bend of flagellum situated behind the level of the first tooth of the
jaw and nearly over the second tooth. Eecurrent portion rod-like
and comparatively thick, being as thick as or thicker than the termi-
nal fang of jaw and extending back some distance behind the middle
of the mandible, but not reaching the head-plate. In one specimen
the shaft is distinctly compressed, the flattened side being turned
upwards and outwards, so that the inner edge lies higher than the
outer ; in the other specimen the flagellum is scarcely compressed
and almost cylindrical. The sides of the shaft are parallel, but at

* These specimens, which I had described as new, were kindly identified from
Koch's type by Professor K. Kraepelin.

418 Annals of the South African Museum.

the apex the flagellum terminates in a short, sharp, subulate portion,
at the base of which a fine, straight, pallid, bristle-like process
springs from the upper edge and extends backwards beyond the
apex.

Upper jaw of mandibles in $ (fig. 22) much resembling that of
cervina, the first two teeth large, almost straight, followed by two
small teeth and a large one ; the terminal fang rather long and
slender, with strong sigmoid flexure, strongly depressed at the base,
curving first upwards and then at the apex strongly and suddenly
downwards. Lower jaw with two strong curved teeth and two or
three small ones between them just in front of the hind tooth ; the
upper surface not sulcate laterally alongside of the teeth.

Female with 2 small teeth in the upper jaw, between the second
and third large tooth, and 2-3 small ones in the lower jaw between
the two large ones (Fig. 22) ; in one specimen there is also a
small tooth between the first and second large tooth in the upper
jaw.

Colour. Upper surface of the mandibles, the whole of the head-
plate (except the white anterior margin), the tergal plates of the
abdomen, and the legs ferruginous-black ; the sides and under surface
of the mandibles, the under surface of the thoracic segments and of
the basal joints of the legs pale yellowish ; under side of palp and of
the three posterior femora paler than the upper side. Ventral plates
of abdomen pale, with blackened lateral borders in the ? , but more
or less darkened in the $ . The soft skin on the sides of the abdo-
men pale in the ? , with blackened upper and lower borders and
thinly clothed with pallid hairs ; in the $ this soft skin is quite
hidden by a thick coat of silvery white appressed hairs.* Malleoli
blackened distally. Hairs on the mandibles, head-plate, and legs
dark brown, a few yellowish brown, those on the posterior terga very
dark, contrasting strongly with the pale or white hairs on the sides
of the abdomen.

First abdominal sternite not produced behind at the median angles
in the ? .

Measurements. Total length 3 16, 5 16 ; length of head-plate

$ 2i, ? 2i, width $ 2, ? 2 ; length of mandible $ 3, ? 4 ;

length of flagellum 2-1- ; length of palp $ 12, ? 9, tibia $ 3, ? 2f ,

metatarsus + tarsus $ 4, ? 8|- ; length of III. leg $ 11^, ? 9;

length of IV. leg ? 15, tibia $ 3, ? 3, metatarsus $ 3f, ? 3.

Locality. 2 ad. $ from near Cape Point (R. M. Lightfoot), 1 $

* Koch describes the sides of the upper surface of the abdomen as ochre-yellow
in the <? .

Ni'ir t-iiiil Lit/lc Knoirn South African .Sn///'//<y<r. -HU

from side of Table Mountain, near Kondebosch (F. Treleaven], 1 ?
from Wynberg (F. Purcell) ; also two dried females ; all these speci-
mens from the Cape Peninsula.

II. The VINCTA Group.

Dentition of tlie upper jaw very dissimilar in the two sexes ; the
teeth of the distal or single series not exceeding five in number and
separated into (jroups hi/ one or two long untoothcd infer cats in I lie
adult male (the distal ijroup often obsolete) (figs. 23-27) ; teeth in
the 5 as in Group. I.

In the first abdominal sternite the posterior median angles of the
halves are more or less produced into a rounded lobe in the adult ? .
Metatarsus of palps as in Group I. In the $ the upper margin of
the basal enlargement of the flagellum is strongly elevated, forming
a high, thin, upright keel along its whole length, and the terminal
fang of the upper jaw has the inner edge of the upper surface dis-
tinctly elevated keel-like to form a groove for the reception of the
procurrent portion of the flagellum. When the bend of the flagellum
is remote from the apex of the fang, the distal part of this keel lies
free and is very distinct ; if, however, the flagellum almost reaches
the apex it fills up almost the entire groove, leaving only the anterior
angular extremity of the keel free. (In lateralis, Koch, this keel is
obsolete.) Palps exceeding or equalling the III. leg in length.
Posterior legs with the hairs either as in Group I., or arranged in a
mane, or the long ones very numerous.

All the species of which the habits are known to me are diurnal
(lateralis, vincta, spectralis, and others).

The females of this group may generally be recognised from those
of Group I. by the colouration of the abdomen (the hairs on the sides
being white or yellow, and nearly always strongly contrasting with
the dark hairs on the posterior dorsal plates), and often also by the
presence of a mane of long or short hairs on the hind legs. The
adult ? is further easily recognisable by the produced hind angles of
the first abdominal segment a character not met with in immature
specimens nor in any species not included in this group, as far as
at present known.

The species which belong here are : vincta, Koch, villosa, n. sp.,
spectralis, n. sp., lateralis, Koch, cultrata, n. sp. ; also the following,
which are unknown tome: mar shall i, Poc., derbiana, Poc., prodnctn,
Karsch, &c.

420 Ann a In of the Houth African Mnseinu.

SOLPUGA VINCTA, C. L. Koch.

(Fig. 23).

C. L. Koch, Arch. f. Naturg. viii., Bd. i., p. 352, 1842 ; Die Arachn.

xv., p. 74, fig. 1468, $ , 1848. Non Simon, Ann. S. Ent. Fr.

(5) ix., p. 110, pi. 3, fig. 6, 1879.

Flayellnm. Basal enlargement high, rounded, the upper edge
produced upwards into a high, sharp, vertical keel along its whole
length. Procurrent portion very short, the anterior bend remote
from the apex of fang and situated behind the level of the second
tooth. Kecurrent portion straight and rather erect, inclined at an
angle of 60 or more to the horizontal :|: and very short, being about
equal in length to the terminal toothless portion of the lower jaw ;
in form spindle-shaped when seen from the front, increasing in width
from the bend to the middle and tapering thence to a fine point ;
the transverse section through the middle T-shaped, the long bar of
the T representing the section of the main blade, which is strongly
flattened from before and behind (or above and below), while the
short bar represents that of the median side ; the anterior (upper)
side, therefore, widely sulcate and facing slightly inwards; the three
free edges of the distal half of the recurrent portion deeply and finely
serrato-lacerated. Upper jaw of mandibles in $ with the first two
teeth large and strongly hooked at apex, followed by a long, concave,
toothless interval, after which a small tooth confluent with a large
one follows, terminating the single series. Terminal fang moderate,
inclining slightly downwards for about one-third of its length from
the base, then slightly upturned, the apex suddenly and strongly
curved down\vards but not outwards ; the upper surface sulcate at
base, its inner edge flanked by a thin, upright, blade-like keel, which
is situated above the first tooth ; this keel finely serrated in its
anterior half, provided with a sharp tooth directed forwards in the
middle, but entire and higher in the posterior half. No tooth on the
inner side of the fang. Loivcr jaw with two large curved teeth and
a smaller one between them, nearer the hind tooth ; upper surface
not sulcate, its outer edge rounded off in the toothed region.

? and juv. With one small tooth between the second and third
large tooth in the upper jaw, and between the two large ones in the
lower jaw.

Colour. Head-plate and upper surface of mandibles yellowish
brown in the male but generally much darker and ferruginous in

* In spirit specimens ; but much more nearly horizontal when the specimen
is allowed to dry.

Neu* and Little, Known South African Soiifugce.

421

the 5 and young specimens. Sides of the mandibles and the under
surface of the body brownish yellow ; limbs ferruginous-brown,
mostly darker in the 5 than in the $ , in both almost black distally.
Legs with dark brown and whitish hairs intermixed. Hairs on head-
plate and mandibles dark brown. Dorsal plates of abdomen ferru-
ginous brown in the middle and blackened laterally, the posterior
plates wholly ferruginous-black, especially in the $ , the hairs on
the plates dark brown, those on the posterior plates almost black.
Sides of the abdomen ferruginous-black in the male, thickly covered
with silvery white, somewhat iridescent hairs ; the sides yellowish

Solpuga rincta, Koch. Fig. 23, apex of left mandible of <? from inner side.

S. villosa, n. sp. Fig. 24, left mandible of <? from inner side.

S. spectralis, n. sp. Fig. 25, right mandible of 3 from lateral side.

brown in the adult ? and covered, although somewhat less thickly,
with yellowish white hairs, those on the upper part bordering the
tergal plates bright yellow and brownish yellow, iridescent. Abdo-
minal sterna brown or yellowish brown, infuscated at the lateral
borders. Legs without trace of a mane. Malleoli with infuscated
edges.

Measurements Total length $ 23, 2 31 ; length of head-plate
$ 3f , ? 41, width $ 4, ? 4f ; length of mandibles $ 6, ? 8, width
$ 2J, 2 2f ; length of flagellum 2 ; length of palp $ 16|, ? 17,

422 Annals of the South African Museum.

tibia <?5, ? 5, metatarsus + tarsus $ 5, ? 6 ; length of III. leg <? 15,
? 16 ; length of IV. leg 3 25, ? 26, tibia $ 5, ? 5i, metatarsus
<? 4f , $ 4f .

Locality. 2 ad. <y , several ad. 5 and a number of young from
round about Cape Town (Signal Hill, Devils Peak, L. Peringuey,
E. M. Lightfoot, F. Purcell).

This species is diurnal in habits. The posterior median angles of
the halves of the first abdominal sternite are produced in the adult
female, but not produced in the male and immature specimens.

SOLPUGA VILLOSA, 11. Sp.

(Fig. 24.)

Flacjellum reaching back beyond the middle of the mandibles and
passing high above the basal enlargement. Basal enlargement
distinctly longer than high, being produced anteriorly ; its upper
and posterior margin's continuously rounded ; upper margin strongly
elevated along its whole length to form a well-developed keel,
which, however, is much less in height than the exposed, outer,
turgid portion. Procurrent portion rather short, the anterior bend
bold and high, remote from the apex of fang, situated about midway
between this apex and the hind edge of the basal enlargement.
Eecurrent portion cylindrical, tapering distally to a fine bristle-like
point, the third quarter of its length alate along the outer side,
being furnished with a thin fin-like keel, which nearly equals the
diameter of the shaft in height.

Upper jaw of mandibles hi with peculiar dentition ; the first
tooth very small and near the apex, the second large and isolated,
being far removed from both the first and the third, which is small
and closely followed by the large last tooth of the single series.
Terminal fang long and strong, very straight, its upper side parallel
to that of the mandible, but on a slightly lower level ; there is no
flexure in the vertical plane, but the distal part is slightly bent
outwards and the apex slightly downwards ; upper surface of fang
sulcate throughout, the median keel high beneath the anterior bend
of flagellum, but low anteriorly to this and scarcely toothed. Under
jaw with two strong teeth and a small one between them, just in
front of the hind tooth, the upper surface distinctly grooved along
the outer side of the row of teeth, the outer upper margin being
strongly prominent and crest-like.

? and young. One small tooth between the second and third

New and Little Known South African Solifugce. 423

large tooth in upper jaw, and between the two large teeth in lower
jaw.

Colour. -- $ brownish yellow to yellowish or orange-brown.
Malleoli not black-edged. Bristles on the head-plate and mandibles
dark brown, the dense short hairs on these parts and on the legs
pale yellowish ; the long hairs on the hind legs yellowish white or
almost white, yellowish at the base, those on the under side of this
leg, excepting on the tarsus, very numerous, forming a long, well-
developed mane, the single hairs of which equal half the metatarsus
in length ; those on the upper side of the hind leg rubbed off in the
type. Abdomen with the sides of the anterior and the whole
surface of the posterior tergal plates thickly covered with intensely
black hairs, the anterior plates with short yellowish hairs in the
middle. Sides of the abdomen thickly clothed with longer, very
pale, whitish-yellow hairs.

2 . The short pubescence, especially that on the legs, very dense
and soft and of a bright yellow colour, that along the upper and
under sides of the last pair of legs longer, forming a very dense,
short, bright yellow mane, extending along almost the whole length
of the leg. The length of the single hairs of this mane is much
less than in the case of the $ , being only one-third of the length
of the metatarsus. Sides of the abdomen densely covered with
very gaudy yellow or partly orange-coloured hairs.

First segment of the abdominal sterna with the posterior median
angles produced in the ad. 2 .

Measurements of typical $ and 2 . Total length (bodies shrivelled)
$ 28, 2 43; length of head-plate $ 6, 2 7, width $ 7, ? 10; length
of mandibles $ 10, 2 13, width $ 3, 2 4f ; length of flagellum 6J ;
length of palp $ 28^, ? 26i, tibia $ 9J, 2 8^, metatarsus + tarsus
$ 9i, 2 9i ; length of III. leg 2 25^ ; length of IV. leg $ 47, 2 44,
tibia $ 10, 2 9, metatarsus $ 10, 2 9.

Localities. (a] Types: An ad. $ and 2 , dried (No. 1048), labelled
" S. Africa, 1875 " (E. Hughes).

(b) One dry specimen, apparently nearly mature, from Concordia,
Namaqualand Div., 1893.

(c) One dry specimen, similar to the last, from Fraserberg (H.
Findlay, 1888). All these specimens appear to belong to one
species, which is remarkable for the denseness of the short yellow
pubescence on the palps.

424 Annals of the South African Museum.

SOLPUGA SPECTRALIS, n. Sp.

(Fig. 25.)

$ . Flagcllum reaching back beyond the middle of the mandible,
passing close above the basal enlargement,* the latter shaped as in
S. villosa ; the anterior bend short and sharp, remote from the apex
of the fang and situated some distance behind the distal group of
teeth. Recurrent portion tapering distally to a filiform apex ; the
distal half much flattened from the sides, finely and deeply serrated
along its upper edge, the lower edge thin but entire.

Upper jaio of mandibles with three distal teeth close together, of
which the first is very small, triangular and keel-like, the second
long and pointed, the third large and bifid at the apex ; then follows
a long, strongly concave, toothless interval, and finally a very long
tooth immediately preceded by a very minute denticle; the posterior
double series runs almost at right angles to the distal series.
Terminal fang long, inclining slightly downwards from the base for
about half its length, then sub-horizontal and curved outwards till
near the apex, which is bent downwards ; the upper surface pro-
vided along the inner edge throughout more than half the length of
the free part before the flagellum with a very high keel, situated
over the distal group of teeth, the upper edge of the keel slightly
irregular but not toothed ; at the commencement of the bend the
flagellum is situated in the middle of the upper surface of the fang,
and occupies almost the entire width. Lower jaw with two strong-
teeth and a small one just midway between them, the upper surface
not grooved or keeled laterally in the toothed region.

Colour. Legs and the upper surface of the body ferruginous,
the mandibles paler, yellowish brown above, under surface of
mandibles, of body, and of the basal joints of the legs pale
yellowish. Legs and palps distally darker and ferruginous-black.
The thorax, abdomen, and the three hind pairs of legs very densely
covered with long soft hairs, those on the thorax and the anterior
abdominal terga whitish brown in colour, the rest white ; those on
the hind leg enormously long and very numerous, but not forming
a mane, the single hairs much longer than the metatarsus ; on the
posterior end of the abdomen above are a few r black hairs. The
bristles on the head-plate and mandibles brown, as are also most of
the hairs on the palps. Malleoli black-edged.

Measurements. Total length 28 ; length of head-plate 5, width 6;

* As the specimen is dried, the flagellum may have been more erect in the
living animal.

Neiv and Little Known South African Solifuga. 425

length of mandible 8|, width 3 ; length of flagellum 4f ; length of
tibia of palp 8, tarsus + metatarsus 9 ; length of IV. leg 44, tibia 8|,
metatarsus 8J.

Locality. One $ , dried (No. 1158), from Klipfontein, near Stein-
kopf, Namaqualand Div. (L. Peringucij, 1885).

SOLPUGA LATEKALIS, C. L. Koch .

(Figs. 26-266.)

C. L. Koch, Arch. f. Naturg. viii., Bd. i., p. 353, 1842 ; Die Arachn.,
xv., p. 82, fig. 1474, $. 1848.

Flagellum. Basal enlargement very high, rotundate, the whole
upper margin elevated in the form of a very high and thin laminar
keel. Procurrent portion very long, longer than the lamina, the
anterior bend near the apex of the jaw and farther forward than the
first large tooth. Eecurrent portion very long and slender, gradually
tapering towards the apex, cylindrical and almost straight, reaching
back beyond the eyes and passing high above the basal enlargement ;
the apex not needle-pointed but somewhat blunted by a very minute
dilation of the upper edge (fig. 266).

Upper jaw of mandibles in $ with three teeth near the apex,
followed by a long, slightly concave or nearly straight, toothless
interval ; the first tooth very small and weak, the second and third
straight and strong ; first tooth of the basal series small, the second
strong and straight and as large as the distal pair. Terminal fang
curved downwards at the tip, the upper surface flattened and dilated
inwards under the bend of flagellum, the dilated part ending ante-
riorly in a minute tooth but scarcely elevated along the inner edge,
the inner keel of the upper surface being practically obsolete ; the
procurrent portion of the flagellum occupies almost the entire width
of the fang in the region of the anterior bend. Upper side of the
fang on a level with that of the rest of the jaw and therefore not
at all depressed, its under side with a convexity at the base, which
bears the two large teeth. Lower jaw with a pair of large teeth and a
small tooth between them, just in front of the hind tooth ; the upper
surface not sulcate laterally, its outer edge rounded off in the toothed
region.

? and young with only one small tooth between the second and
third large tooth in the upper jaw and between the two large teeth
in the lower jaw.

Colour. Head-plate and upper surface of mandibles brownish

426

Annals of the South African Museum.

yellow to brown, the sides and under surface of the latter and the
under surface of the body yellowish ; legs ferruginous-black, paler at
the base, especially on the under side ; head-plate infuscated behind
the anterior border. Palps yellowish in the proximal part, becoming
darker ferruginous distally, nearly black at the apex. Terga and
sides of abdomen entirely black-ferruginous, the latter densely covered
with silky yellowish white hairs ; under side darker posteriorly.
Malleoli infuscated at the edges. Hairs on the abdominal terga
dark brown, those on the legs brown, many of those on the posterior
pairs, especially in the $ , whitish brown.

Posterior median angles of the halves of the first abdominal

26

27

270-

Solpucja latcralis, Koch. 3 . Fig. 26, left mandible from inner side. Fig. 26a,
apex of same mandible from above. Fig. 266, apex of flagellum from the side,
more highly magnified.

S. cultrata, n. sp. <? . Fig. 27, left mandible from inner side. Fig. 27a, apex
of same mandible from above. Fig. 276, apex of flagellum from the side, more
highly magnified.

sternite produced in the adult ? but not produced in the immature
and $ specimens.

Measurements. Total length $ 18, ? 24; length of head-plate $ 3,

5 3-t, width <? 3f , ? 5; length of mandibles $ 5, ? 7, width $ T8,

2 2f ; length of flagellum 5; length of palp $ 12f, ? 14J, tibia 3 3'8,

? 4, metatarsus -f tarsus $ 4i, ? 4-| ; length of III. leg $ 12f , $ 13-f ;

length of IV. leg $ 19, ? 22, tibia $ 4, ? 4|, metatarsus $ 3|, ? 4.

Locality. 1 ad. $ , 1 ad. ? , and 1 juv. from Port Elizabeth
(/. L. Drege, 1898) ; I have also examined an ad. $ , kindly lent by
Mr. West, of Port Elizabeth.

Mr. Dregu informs me that this species is diurnal.

New and Little Known. South African Solifuyce. 427

SOLPUGA CULTEATA, 11. Sp.

(Figs. 27-276.)

Flagellum passing back a little distance above the basal enlar-e-
ment and reaching or almost reaching the eye-tubercle. Basal
enlargement shaped as in villosa. Procurrent portion long, the
anterior bend very high and bold, situated close behind the apex of
the fang. Kecurrent portion slender and needle-like, the upper side
minutely cultrate at the apex, being furnished here with a short, sharp,
dark brown keel, which terminates anteriorly in a sharp angle (fig. 27&).

Upper jaw of mandibles practically toothless distally, strongly
convex on the under side below the bend of flagellum and provided
here with a couple of obsolete tubercles, representing the distal
teeth ; the convexity followed by a long, concave, untoothed portion,
terminated behind by a long and strong tooth, which bears a small
denticle on its anterior surface. Terminal fang inclined downwards
from the base and depressed in the middle above, the weak apical
part tilted upwards, but the actual tip is curved downwards and
inwards ; sigrnoid flexure distinct. The inner half of the broad
upper surface of the fang deeply grooved longitudinally for the
reception of the flagellum, the short, free, anterior portion of the
groove situated on the median side of the apical fang and terminating
low down on a level with the under surface of the latter ; the apex of
the groove is emargiiiated and very wide, so that the lower jaw can
close against it. The lateral half of the fang raised high above the
level of the procurrent portion of the flagellum on its outer side,
equalling the latter in width at the bend and continued forwards
beyond this point, passing over directly into the tip of the fang
(fig. "27 a). Lower jaw with two large teeth and a small tooth between
them, just in front of the hind one; the jaw deeply grooved above
on the o Liter side of the teeth, the outer upper edge forming a strong
dark brown keel, which is highest anteriorly and terminates rather
abruptly considerably in front of the first tooth.

Colour. Dorsal and upper half of the lateral surface of mandibles,
the head-plate, the dorsal and lateral surfaces of abdomen, and the
limbs infuscated; the under surface of the mandibles, of the body, and
of the bases of the legs pale yellowish. Hairs on the limbs white,
the last pair of legs without mane ; * the bristles on the mandibles
and head-plate infuscate, or yellowish at base and infuscated distally;
femora of legs, the head-plate, and the sides of the mandibles thickly
covered with minute white hairs. Tergal plates of abdomen some-

* As these logs are somewhat rubbed, this point is not quite certain.

428 Annals of the South African Museum.

what rubbed, but the hairs on the posterior segments are dark
blackish brown ; sides of the abdomen thickly covered with yellowish
white hairs. Malleoli pale, not black-edged.

Dentition in young. One small tooth between the second and third
large ones in the upper jaw and between the two large teeth in the
lower jaw.

Measurements of $ . Total length 40 ; length of head-plate 5,
width 7 ; length of mandibles 9, width 3f ; length of flagellum 8J ;
palp very stout, its length 23, tibia 7> ; , metatarsus + tarsus 7i,
width of tibia 1-;"; ; length of III. leg 21 ; IV. leg incomplete, tibia 6^,
metatarsus 6.

Locality. One 3 , dried (type, No. 1051), from Durban, Natal
(J. Lines, 1885) ; 1 juv. from the same locality (Col. J. H. Bowker).

This species is allied to S. hostilis, White, in which, however,
the anterior curve of the flagellum is sharp and short, and the
anterior third or half of the recurrent portion is not horizontal but
inclined, with the under side concave. In cultrata the anterior
curve is much higher, so that the anterior half of the recurrent
portion is not concave below but lies in the same horizontal plane
with the posterior half.

III. The LINEATA Group.

Dentition of the upper jaw similar in the two sexes, the distal or
series composed of a small or moderately large distal tooth,
/'t] by 1-3 small teeth and one large one, then 3-5 small teeth,
a ml finally another large one (figs. 28, 29).

Palps considerably shorter than the III. leg ; the pointed and
truncated hairs of the metatarsus mostly replaced by hairs of various
lengths, which are minutely bifid at the apex. In the $ the meta-
tarsus of the palps is not scopulate below. Hairs on posterior legs
mane-like, at least on the under side.

Only two species are comprised in this group, viz., lineata, Koch,
and brccipal'pus, n. sp.

SOLPUGA LINEATA, C. L. Koch.

(Figs. 28-286.)

C. L. Koch, Arch. f. Naturg., viii., Bd. L, p. 353, 1842; Die
Arachn., xv., p. 80, fig. 1473, 3 , 1848.

$ . Flagellum reaching back a little behind the middle of the
mandibles. Basal enlargement small, rotundate, the free upper

New and Little Known South African Solifugce.

429

portion strongly compressed, not turgid below on the outer side.
Procurrent portion much longer than the basal enlargement, the
anterior bend rather remote from the apex of the jaw and about on
a level with the second tooth. Eecurrent portion passing a little
distance above the basal enlargement, stout anteriorly, but flattened
and thin posteriorly for more than half its length ; from the bend
it slightly increases in width up to the commencement of the distal

28

29

Solpuga lineata, Koch. Fig. 28, right mandible of $ from outer side. Fig. 28a,
apex of same mandible from inner side. Fig. 286, apex of mandible of nearly
mature or ? specimen.

S. brevipalpits, n. sp. Fig. 29, apex of mandible of .

S. nigro-braccata, n. sp. Fig. 30, right mandible of ? from lateral side.

third, whence it tapers to a long tine point ; the flattened portion
feathered along the edges and slightly twisted, so that the upper
surface comes to face inwards distally ; the shaft straight, but
curving upwards distally.

Upper jaw of mandibles with the first tooth small or moderately

29

430 Annals of tJw South African Museum.

large, the second and third small, the fourth strong and curved,
closing down just in front of the first tooth of the lower jaw ; then
follows a series of 3-5 small teeth and finally another strong tooth,
which terminates the single series ; the first tooth of the single
series is always larger than the other small teeth, but smaller than
the two large teeth. Terminal fang strong, curved downwards and
outwards at the apex, the upper surface sulcate, being furnished
on the inner edge with an upright smooth keel, which becomes very
low anteriorly and terminates in a tiny angle or tooth at the com-
mencement of the apical curve (fig. 28). The under side of the
upper jaw is perfectly straight, and there is no flexure except at the
tip. Lower jaw with two large teeth and a small one between them
just in front of the hind tooth but remote from the anterior one ; the
upper surface of jaw not sulcate laterally, its outer edge somewhat
angular but not carinate on the lateral side of the teeth.

Colour. Yellow, two longitudinal stripes on the thorax and
abdomen, four on the head-plate, and two on each of the mandibles
infuscate or black ; the upper surface of all of the limbs blackened or
dark brown, or the anterior limbs not infuscate. Pubescence of a
beautiful silvery white colour, the long hairs on the head-plate and
mandibles and many of those on the palps brown. Hairs on the
sides of the abdomen long and silvery white. Hind legs with the
tibia and metatarsus thickly covered above with enormously long
silvery hairs, far exceeding the metatarsus in length, the hairs on
the lower side of these joints and on the femora shorter, forming
a delicate mane.

Dentition in young. Upper jaw with the first tooth large, followed
by one or two small ones, then another large one, followed by 4
small ones, after which comes the large last tooth of the single
series. Lower jaw with one small tooth between the two large
ones, which are closer together than in the ad. $ .

Measurements of ad. $ and immature specimen from Ookiep.
Total length $ 32, juv. 25 ; length of head-plate $ 5, juv. 3^, width
$ 6J, juv. 4; length of mandible 3 11, juv. 7|, width $ 3-J, juv.
2-^-; length of flagellum 4f ; length of palp $ 16^, juv. llf, tibia
3 5^, juv. 3^, metatarsus + tarsus 3 6f , juv. 4f ; length of III.
leg 3 20, juv. 14i ; length of IV. leg 3 33i, juv. 211, tibia 3 6,
juv. 4, metatarsus 3 6i, juv. 4-!-.

Localities. (a) 4 ad. 3 aud 1 juv. (all dried) from Ookiep,
Namaqualand Div. (L. Peringue//, 1885). In these specimens the
palps have no black stripes and the two infuscate stripes on the
mandibles do not unite anteriorly.

Nor and Little Known South African Solifagce. 431

(&) 1 ad. $ (dried) from Van Wyks Vlei, Carnarvon Div. (E. G-.
Alston, 1885). Palps and I. leg with a black longitudinal stripe;
the two black stripes on the mandibles unite anteriorly.

(c) 1 ad. $ (in spirits) resembling the previous specimen, but
without a history.

SOLPUGA BREVIPALPUS, 11. Sp.

(Fig. 29.)

2 . Upper jaw of mandibles with the first tooth rather small,
followed by 2-3 very small teeth and a large one ; between the
latter and the large last tooth of the single series are 3-5 very small
teeth. Lower jaw with two large teeth and a small one between
them, just in front of the hind tooth ; the apex of the anterior tooth
remote from the others, but its basal portion extends backwards to
the small tooth in the form of a low keel.

Colour. Pale yellow, the apex of the jaws and the eyes blackened.
All the terga or only the posterior ones broadly ferruginous-
brown at the lateral borders, the last segment entirely ferruginous-
brown. Metatarsus, tibia, and upper surface of femur of IV. leg and
the apex of the palps more or less reddish brown. The hairs mostly
white ; the IV. leg provided on the upper side of the tibia and
metatarsus with a very delicate silky mane of enormously long-
white hairs, and with a shorter mane on the under side of these and
of the femoral segments.

Measurements. Total length 31; length of head-plate 3^-, width 5;
length of mandible 7-g-, width 2i ; palps remarkably short, 11^- mm.
long and only two-thirds of the length of the III. leg, tibia of
palp 3^-, metatarsus + tarsus 4i ; length of III. leg 17 ; length of
IV. leg 27|-, tibia 5, metatarsus 5.

Locality. Pour specimens (No. 2830) from Naroep, Great Bush-
manland, Namaqualand Div. (Max Schlechter, Feb., 1898).

IV. Species of Uncertain Position.

SOLPUGA NIGKO-BRACCATA, n. sp.
(Fig. 30.)

Jaivs of mandibles extremely long ; the single series of the upper
jaw composed of 4 strong teeth, of which the third is only a little
smaller than the other three, and the first is far removed from the

432 Annals of the South African Museum.

second, the space between these teeth being sub-equal to that
between the second and the fourth. Lower jaw with two large teeth
and a smaller one between them, just in front of the hind one.

Colour. Yellowish; the jaws paler, with blackened apex. Tarsus
and apical portion of metatarsus of palps and the hair on these parts
dark blackish brown ; tibia of palps infuscated near the apex ; IV.
leg with the apex of the femur, the whole tibia and the basal
portion of the metatarsus deep black. The soft skin on the sides
of the thoracic segments deep black above the bases of the palps
and first three pairs of legs, the blackened areas almost meeting in
the median line above in the segment bearing the III. pair of legs.
Hairs, including those on the blackened parts of the IV. leg, pale
yellowish.

Palps thickly clothed with soft silky hairs, those on the under side
longer, about twice the diameter of the limb in length ; all the legs
with similar hairs, those on the under side of the femora forming
a mane ; hairs on tibia and metatarsus of IV. pair not forming
a distinct mane, although somewhat longer on the upper and under
sides.

Measurements. Total length 45; length of head-plate 6, width 7-^;
length of mandible 14, width 3| ; length of palp 25J, tibia 8f ,
metatarsus + tarsus 8 ; length of III. leg 26J ; length of IV. leg
40, tibia 7^, metatarsus 7|-.

Locality. One specimen, apparently an ad. 5 (No. 1175), from
Damaraland (G. Tatloic, 1889).

Since this paper went to press, specimens of all the species, both
new and old, with the exception of C. inerme, S. villosa, spectralis,
/i/iji'0-braccata and cultrata, nn. spp., were submitted to Professor
K. Kraepelin, who kindly compared them with his own and Koch's
types. I am wholly indebted to him for the identification of H.
lanatus (Koch), S. lethalis, Sindfusca, Koch.

All specimens mentioned in this paper are preserved in spirits,
unless the contrary is stated.

( 433 )

XII. Neiv South African Scorpions in tlie Collection of the South
African Museum. By W. F. PURCELL, Ph.D., First Assistant.

(Preliminary communication.)

PARABUTHUS NEGLECTUS, n. sp.

Colour yellow, the abdomen often darkened with green or brown.
Cauda very like that of capensis, Hemp, and Ehrbg. ( iros, Koch
-planicauda, Poc.), but the upper hind edge of segment 2 is strongly
elevated and curved forwards in the middle, forming a characteristic
tongue-like elevation, which is also developed, although less strongly,
in the third segment. Segments 1-4 10-carinate, of equal width, or
segments 1 and 4 slightly narrower than segments 2 and 3 ; upper
surface of segment 1 as broad and flat as in capensis, not grooved
mesially but very broadly shagreened ; intercarinal spaces of cauda
for the most part coarsely and thickly granular. Palps of 5 and
young with the brachium and man us unusually wide, the latter nearly
as wide as in the adult g .

Measurements of ? . Length 91 ; length of carapace 9i ; length of
brachium 7, width (at base of anterior basal tooth) 3i ; length of
hand-back 4^ ; width of hand 3i ; length of tail 52, length and
width of I. segment 6f , 6f , of II. segment 7|, 6|, of V. segment
10, 5f. (Length is always taken laterally from hind edge to the
large anterior angular prominence of each tail segment.)

$ . Length 93 ; length of brachium 6f, width 3 ; length of hand-
back 5 ; width of hand 3^.

A number of $ and ? specimens (types, No. 1197) found between
Packhuis Berg and Oorlogs Kloof, Clanwilliam and Calvinia
Divs. (Max Schlechter). Also many other specimens from the
western Divisions of the Colony. This is a very distinct species.

434 Annals of the Son tit African Museum.

PARABUTHUS SCHLECHTERI, n. sp.

Colour yellow. Cauda with segments 1-4 10-carinate, the first
three successively increasing in width, the fourth as wide as the
third and always decidedly wider than the first ; upper surface of
segment 1 not quite so flat as in capensis, being distinctly although
shallowly hollowed out from side to side in the posterior part, flat in
the anterior part, not deeply grooved mesially ; granulation between
the keels of tail coarse but very sparse, denser in the middle below in
segments 4 and 5 ; superior crests of segment 5 distinctly doubled in
the middle.

Measurements. Length $ 108, $ 95 ; length of carapace $ llf ,

3 IQi ; length of brachium ? 9, $ 9J, width $ 3f , $ 3| ; length

of hand-back ? 4f, $ 5f ; width of hand ? 3-L, $ 3f ; length of tail

? 62, $ 60, length and width of I. segment ? 7, 8, $ 7-J-, 7f,

width of III. segment ? 8, $ 8J.

A female (type, No. 2177) and a male from Little Bushmanland
(between Henkries and Wolftoon, Max Schlechter). Also two others
from Great Bushmanland. Very closely allied to P. raudn-n (Sim.)
from which it appears to differ principally in not having the I. caudal
segment deeply grooved above in the middle.

P. schlechteri and ncc/lectus, nn. spp., villosus (Pet.), granulatns
(Hempr. and Ehrbg.),* Icevifrons (Sim.), and b re vim-anus (Thor.),
have all been collected in Great Bushmanland by Mr. M. Schlechter,
who often found several of these species living side by side in the
same locality. They are all without the slightest doubt specifically
distinct from one another.

PARABUTHUS TRANSVAALICUS, n. sp.

Closely related to the previous species. Cauda with the first three
segments of equal width or slightly increasing in width ; segments 1-4
10-carinate ; segment 5 with the superior crests distinctly doubled in
the middle, the inner crest composed of 3-4 strong, sharp, spiniform
teeth ; intercarinal spaces of cauda thickly granular ; upper surface
of segment 1 not flat, distinctly grooved mesially. Colour dark
olive-green to nearly black, the tail tinged with dark brown, the legs
and palps olive-green to dark brown, the fingers and the distal part
of legs yellowish.

Measurements of ? . Length 92 ; length of carapace 9f ; length

* =fulvipes (Sim.).

New South African Scorpions. 435

of brachium 8^-, width 3^; length of hand-back 4f; width of hand 2f ;
length of tail 53, length and width of I. segment 7, 7-|, of II. seg-
ment 7|, 7f , of III. segment 7f , 7f .

A couple of females (No. 3003) from the Transvaal, kindly
presented by Dr. J. W. B. Gunning of the Pretoria Museum.
Iii the latter Museum also are several other specimens, for the
loan of which I am indebted to Dr. Gunning.

HADOGENES GUNNINGI, n. sp.

? . Carapace very shallowly and widely emarginate in front.
Last abdominal tergite very short, more or less rounded behind
and almost semicircular in outline, much broader than long. Tail
3f times as long as the carapace, which is as long as the first and three-
fourths of the second segment ; first segment higher behind than broad,
the upper crests smooth ; terminal tooth of superior crests enlarged
but not spiniform in segment 2, less enlarged in segment 3 ; vesicular
segment distinctly compressed, not turgid, only slightly wider than
the hind end of the fifth segment, its upper side slightly convex.
Upper surface of humerus of palp with no strong ridge just behind
the anterior border ; length of humerus along upper hind margin
2-J-- 2-f times the width of the upper surface. Pectines with 13-16
teeth. Colour dark brown mingled with olive-green, vesicle paler
brown.

Loc. An ad. ? :;: from Pretoria (type, No. 4,041) collected by Dr.
J. W. B. Gunning, Director of the Staats Museum at Pretoria, in
which are several other specimens. I am much indebted to Dr.
Gunning for the type and for the loan of his other specimens.

Measurements. Total length 106 ; length of carapace 13J ; length
of last abdominal tergite 8i, width 12 ; length of tail 50 ; length of
I. segment 6|, width behind 2f, height behind 3^; length of II. seg-
ment 8^, width of vesicle 2f , height 3 ; length of humerus 12f ,
width of upper surface 4i, length of anterior surface (measured along
middle from the large tooth near base) 8|, width 3i ; length of hand
25, width 8, length of hand-back 14.

Very near troglodytes (Pet.) from Ehodesia but smaller, with
relatively broader humerus and narrower vesicle.

* The adults in the genus Hadogenes are readily distinguishable by the
presence of a large lobe at the base of the fingers of the palps. In immature
specimens this lobe is obsolete.

436 Annals of the South African Museum.

HADOGENES WHITEI, n. sp.

? . Carapace deeply emarginate in the middle in front. Last
abdominal tergite as in gunningi. Tail nearly 4 times as long as
the carapace, which is as long as the first and three-fifths of the
second segment ; first segment stout, scarcely higher than wide
behind, its upper crests smooth, with a few small, weak granules
posteriorly ; terminal tooth of superior crests enlarged and spiniforrn
in segment 2, less enlarged and not spiniform in segment 3, not at
all enlarged in segment 4 ; vesicle straight above, compressed.

$ . Tail seven times as long as the carapace, which is only a
little longer than the first caudal segment ; the latter much higher
behind than wide ; vesicular segment strongly concave above ;
superior crests in segment 2 with the terminal tooth strongly spini-
form, very large and curved forwards. Last abdominal tergite
longer, but still considerably wider than long.

Measurements. Length $ 101, $ 124 ; length of carapace ? 12f ,
$ llf ; length of last abdominal tergite ? 8, 3 8-|, width ? 1H, $ 9|;
length of tail ? 53, <?80-L; length of I. segment ? 6f, $ lOf, width
behind ? 3, $ 2, height behind ? SyV, $ 3|; length of hand ? 24^,
$ 21i, width ? 8f , $ 7, length of hand-back ? 13f , $ 12.

Loc. An ad. ? and $ from Brakkloof, near Grahamstown, Albany
Div. (type ? , No. 1736), kindly presented by Dr. Schonland, of
the Albany Museum, and named in honour of Mrs. George White,
who discovered the specimens.

This species is dark olive-green in colour with dark brown hands,
and is closely allied to trichiurus (Gerv.), from which it differs in
having the tail much wider, the palps much stouter and thicker, and
the last abdominal tergite shorter.

HADOGENES MINOR, n. sp.

? . Carapace broadly and moderately deeply emarginate in front.
Last abdominal tergite broader than long, somewhat rounded
behind but not quite semicircular in outline, the broad anterior border
without the pair of small pits at its hind margin near the middle.
Tail almost four times as long as the carapace, which is equal in
length to the first and four-fifths of the second segment ; first seg-
ment depressed, considerably wider than high, its length scarcely
twice its width and nearly 2-f times its height, its sides dilated and
slightly arcuate outwards in the middle, converging at the anterior
and posterior ends of the segment, the superior crests granular and

New South African Scorpions. 437

distinct only in anterior part of the segment ; superior crests of
segments 2 and 3 with the terminal tooth scarcely or only slightly
enlarged ; vesicular segment compressed, almost straight above.
Pectines with 11-12 teeth in the 2 (14-15 in young <y). Colour
dark olive-greenish brown to dark-green, the vesicle yellow, the legs
brown.

Measurements. Length 73 ; length of carapace 9, depth of emargina-
tion f ; length of last abdominal tergite 6J, width 7; length of tail 35-J-;
length of I. segment 4^, width (in middle) 2, height If ; length of
hand 16, width 6, length of hand-back 9 ; length of anterior face of
humerus 6, width If.

Loc. An ad. J (type, No. 1207) and several young from the
Onder Bokkeveld, Bokkeveld Mountains, Calvinia Div. (Max
Schlcchter). Also another ad. $ from Langkuil, near the Doom
Eiver, Clanwilliam Div. (C. L. Leipoldt}. This is a small species,
closely related to tcBniurm (Thor.).

Var. cedri nov. Differs from the typical minor in the much larger
size and in having the sides of the I. caudal segment parallel, not
bulging outwards in the middle; length of I. caudal segment
2f times its width and 2f times its height. Total length 105 ;
length of carapace 12^ ; length of tail 51, of I. segment 6^, width of
I. segment 3, height 2^.

An ad. ? (No. 2217) from the Sneeuwkop Mountain (3,000 feet.),
Cedarberg Eange, Clanwilliam Div. (C. L. Leipoldt and E. Pattison).

HADOGENES BICOLOR, n. sp.

$ . Carapace and last abdominal tergite as in minor. Tail short,
about 3?-3J times as long as the carapace, which is equal to or even
slightly exceeds the first two caudal segments in length ; first seg-
ment depressed, considerably wider than high, its length more than
1! but less than If times its width, which is greatest in the middle,
the sides arcuate outwards ; superior crests in segment 1 smooth,
very weakly and sparsely granular in segments 2 and 3, with the
terminal tooth small ; vesicle straight above. Pectines with 13-16
teeth. Colour dark olive-green, the palps dark brown with green
crests, the legs lighter brown, the vesicle yellowish brown.

Measurements. Length 99 ; length of carapace 13 ; length of last
abdominal tergite 8, width lOf ; length of tail 43 ; length of I. seg-
ment 5f , width in middle 3, height 2J ; length of hand 27, width 8,
length of hand-back 15 ; length of anterior face of humerus 9f ,
width 3.

438 Annals of the SoutJi African Museum.

Loc. Several adult and young specimens (types, No. 4062),
captured about twenty miles east of Pietersburg, Zoutpansberg
Distr., Transvaal (Rev. J. W. Daneel).

Very like minor but with relatively much shorter tail and thicker
palps.

(439 )

XIII. Description of Twelve New Species of tlw Genus MutiUa
(Order Hymenoptera) in tlic. South African Museum. By L.
PERINGUEY, Assistant Director.

SINCE the publication of my second paper on South African
Mutillidce, the Museum has received twelve new species, the descrip-
tion of which forms the subject of this paper.

Through the courtesy of Mons. Ed. Andre I have been able to
examine two of his types of South African Mutillce, i.e., M. bassu-
tontin and M. penicillata, described by him. M. hassutorum resembles
very much M. pandora, Per., but is different, and M. penicillata is
indubitably identical with M. callisto, Per. ; the former name has
therefore priority.

I have received from Mashunaland MutiUa coryphasia $ , Per., still
/// coitu with M. mephitis ? , Sm. This latter species occurs also in
Senegal, and I have received an example from Dakar. It is thus
probable that the females of M. atropos and M. acidalia will be like
M. mephitis in build and markings, as it proves to be for M. exaltata,
M. cloantha, and M. hecuba, which said species are closely allied in
both sexes to M. viduata, Pall., of Europe and Algeria.

In the plate illustrating my two previous papers on South African
Mutillidce, the third cubital cell of the fore wing is partially closed in
M. erynnis $ (fig. 7) ; such is not the case ; it is entirely open, and
the first cubital should be more rectangular and cover the same area
as the second; in M. autinoe, fig. 4, the second transversal nervure is
not indicated, and the second discoidal should be more in the shape
of a parallelogram viewed sideways and not in the shape of an arc of
circle ; there are other inaccuracies in the neuration of some of the
other figures, such as the absence of the second transverse cubital
nervure, which should close the second cubital cell in M. purpurata,

440 Annals of the South African Museum.

(fig. 14), the first cubital cell of which should be much more elon-
gate at the expense of the first discoidal, &c.

In my second paper in Part 2 of Vol. I. of the ANNALS an error of
enumeration in the text has crept in, and should be corrected as
follows :

Page 357, Mutilla celimene, is not figured.
Page 361, Mutilla sethra, read Plate VIII., fig. 24.
Page 362, Mutilla thai's, read Plate VIII., fig. 26.
Page 363, Mutilla deianira, read Plate VIII., fig. 23.
Page 364, Mutilla dunbrodia, read Plate VIII., fig. 18.

At the end of this paper an explanation of Plate VIII., omitted in
the previous paper, is given in full.

MUTILLA MATUTA.

? . Head and thorax red, mandibles, antennae, and legs reddish
ferruginous, abdomen black with a broad central flavous patch
in the centre of the basal joint ; the second has a basal band
and the third is totally covered by a band of the same colour ; head
sub-quadrate, but a little rounded laterally behind, eyes set forward,
large, oblong ; the surface is covered with round, scrobiculate fovese
and is nearly glabrous but for a few very long whitish setae ; antennal
tubercles piceous, scape nearly glabrous and piceous red, first joint
of flagellum nearly as long as the second, which has the shape of a
truncate cone ; mandibles sharp at tip, simple ; throax quadrate,
very nearly as broad as long, truncate at apex and at the posterior
declivity, with the sides not serrate, covered with deep and broad
foveae with no reticulated intervals, apical part of the declivity sub-
carinate, suture of the pro- and mesothorax distinct ; it is set with a
few very long greyish and white hairs ; abdomen sessile, basal joint
truncate and fitting exactly against the base of the second which
becomes ampliated laterally at a certain distance from the base ; both
these segments are finely but deeply punctured, and the punctures
are round, the basal segment has no distinct ventral carina, and the
median flavous patch of hairs extends a little beyond the suture ; the
basal band of the second segment is sensibly broader at middle, and
the apical segment is depressed and entirely covered with very closely
set minute punctures which give it the appearance of being very
finely granulose ; posterior tibiae thickened past the middle, and with
the outer series of spines obliterated ; spurs white. Length 7 mm.

Hab. German South- West Africa (Salem). Dr. G. Laske.

I know of no South African ally of this species.

Description of Twelve New Mutilla. 441

MUTILLA ENIPPE.

? . Head and thorax deep red, antennae, legs, and abdomen black,
the latter with the base of the first and second segments, the whole
of the third and the margin of the apical one banded with a slightly
flavescent pubescence, second segment with one central median
ovate spot and a sub-lateral one on each side of it ; head deeply
foveolato-scrobiculate, clothed with a silvery somewhat sparse pubes-
cence, eyes very large and bulging, extending nearly to the posterior
angles which are rounded ; scape of antennae piceous, first joint of
flagellum thick, second a little more than twice as long as the first,
and only a little longer than the third ; mandibles sharp at tip,
simple ; thorax parallel, long, narrow, truncate at apex, and with the
posterior declivity nearly vertical, the suture of the mesothorax and
the scutellary region is very distinct ; there is a short, compressed
scutellary tubercle, the outer sides are crenulate, and the upper sur-
face is deeply and closely foveolato-reticulate, while the intervals at
the top of the declivity are almost tuberculate ; it is clothed with
black, short hairs turning to grey on the sides ; abdomen sub-petio-
late, short, nodose at apex, and with the ventral carina briefly tri-
dentate, second segment covered with closely set and deep, elongate
punctures without sinuate walls, the lateral sub-flavescent patches
are nearly equi-distant from the outer margin and from the central
one which is a little larger, and the basal band is a little thicker at
middle ; the apical segment is covered with arcuate, fine and closely
set striae, the extreme apex itself being smooth ; legs black, clothed
with white hairs, tibiae with a double series of spines, spurs white.
Length &| mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O'Neil.

This species is almost identical with M. tettensis in general facies,
although smaller ; the white spots on the second joint of the abdomen
are similarly arranged, but there is a basal band on this segment
which is wanting in M. tettensis, and the band on the third segment
is not interrupted as in the last-named species.

MUTILLA NOKTIA.

? . Black, with thorax red ; basal segment of abdomen with
a small lateral patch ; the other abdominal segments, except the
apical one, having a basal whitish, sub-flavescent transverse band ;
head as broad as long, and nearly as broad as the base of the pro-
throax, sub-quadrate, eyes ovate, bulging, equi-distant from apex and
base ; it is covered with deep, closely set fovese, and clothed with a

442 Annals of the South African Museum.

short greyish pubescence ; the antennae are piceous or piceous red,
the joints of the flagellum are thick, the second joint is as long as
the third and fourth together, the mandibles are rufescent, moderately
short and simple inwardly ; thorax nearly straight at apex, slightly
ampliated diagonally laterally from the apical angle to two-fifths of
the length, and distinctly tuberculate there, attenuate diagonally
from there to the posterior declivity which is nearly vertical, and
where it is narrower than the apical part by one-fifth ; the apical
and lateral sides are crenulate, and the upper part covered with deep,
round foveae with narrow walls ; the fovese are still broader in the
declivity ; abdomen sessile ovate, first segment vertical, dentate on
each side of the base, covered, like the second segment, with deep,
elongate punctures, the walls of which in the latter are raised and
somewhat strigillate ; the other segments are deeply punctured, and
fringed with a whitish flavescent band narrower than on the second
segment, and as distinct underneath as on the upper part ; the whole
of the last segment is closely and finely striate from apex to base ;
ventral carina of the first segment truncate at base, angular behind,
and sloping towards the apex ; legs black with the tarsi sub-rufescent,
clothed with white hairs, tibiae with a double row of spines, spurs
fuscous brown. Length lOij mm.

Hab. Southern Ehodesia (Matoppo range). E. Pillans.

Not unlike M. cassiope in general facies.

MUTILLA LAVERNA.

5 . Black, with the upper part of the thorax dark ferruginous
red, first abdominal segment nearly entirely covered with a rich
orange pubescent patch, second segment with a broadly triangular
basal patch the apex of which reaches the central part, third segment
entirely clothed with the same pubescence ; head small, scrobiculate,
eyes large, ovate, bulging, posterior angles rounded ; it is covered
with a greyish pubescence, mixed with a few black bristles ; the
antennae are black with the scape piceous and thickly clothed with a
silvery pubescence, second joint of the flagellum not quite as long as
the two following, first joint small ; jaws sharp, slightly bifid
inwardly at tip ; thorax parallel, but a little emarginate laterally
towards the middle, nearly straight in the anterior part, broader
than the head, clothed with dark hairs on the upper side, and grey
hairs laterally and beneath, vertically declivous behind and covered
with broad foveae with intervals raised and forming wavy longi-
tudinal ridges ; the lateral margins are rugose, but not crenulate ;

Description of Twelve New Mutilla. 443

abdomen sessile, elongato-ovate, basal segment truncate, fitting
against the base of the second, and entirely covered with the orange-
yellow pubescence, the ventral carina is sharp, short, and truncate at
each end ; second segment covered with raised, wavy lines, densely
clothed, like the posterior ones, with a thick black pubescence, and
having at the base a triangular orange patch extending from each
angle to the middle of the dorsal part ; the apical segment is
depressed, closely and distinctly striate longitudinally for two-thirds
of the length, with the apical third finely aciculate ; legs black,
clothed with silvery hairs ; tibiae with a double series of spines, spurs
black. Length 12 mm.

Hab. Mossamedes. Dr. G. Laske.

Allied to M. tccmessa, Per. ; the shape of the thorax is nearly
similar, but a little narrower proportionately, and the head is
narrower instead of being broader than the thorax ; the abdomen
and also the vestiture are similar, but in M. laccrna the basal trian-
gular patch ascends much further, and the band on the third segment
is not interrupted.

MUTILLA CLELIA.

$ . Black, with a totally ferruginous red thorax, first basal
segment of abdomen with a small lateral white patch on each side,
base of second segment and the whole of the third clothed with a
wide band interrupted in the middle ; head large but only a little
wider than the thorax, a little rounded laterally behind and sinuate
at the base, eyes large, set forward, ovate ; it is very deeply scrobicu-
late, with the intervals reticulate and clothed with dark and white
hairs and also a slight silvery pubescence ; antennae piceous, first
joint of the flagellum small, second one as long as the two following
put together ; mandibles strong, sharp at tip and with a conspicuous
median tooth inwardly ; thorax sub-parallel, nearly straight at apex,
convex in the anterior part and gradually sloping from there to the
posterior declivity which is vertical, very slightly attenuate laterally
from apex to base, but raarginate at about one-third of the length,
crenulate, slightly bi-tuberculate at about the median part ; it is
covered with deep, reticulate foveaa and clothed with greyish and
black hairs ; abdomen sessile, clothed with a dense, black pubes-
cence ; basal joint truncate, fitting exactly against the basal part of
the second segment, covered with elongate punctures, and having on
each side a small basal white patch not reaching the outer margin,
and each covering about one-third of the surface ; ventral carina short,
truncate at each end ; second segment covered with elongate punc-

444 Annals of the South African Museum.

tures, the intervals of which are raised, especially towards the outer
sides ; the basal white band is very narrow and distinctly interrupted
in the middle, and it has beneath three carinae ending in a sharp
tubercle ; the band on the third segment is as broadly interrupted as
the basal one of the second segment, and the apical one is depressed
and nearly smooth at apex ; legs black, clothed with silvery white
bristles, spurs white. Length 13 mm.

Allied to M. astarte, M. pytliia, and M. bi-lunata. From notes
taken when comparing some of my examples with Smith's types in
the British Museum, M. bi-lunata and M. pyiliia, and possibly M.
corn-par ata, may prove to be the same species ; but M. astarte has
also three longitudinal carime ending in a small tooth on the ventral
part of the second abdominal segment, and M. clclia might prove to
be a small varietal form of the latter.

Hab. Southern Ehodesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

MUTILLA CYDLENE.

5 . Head and prothorax pale brick-red legs and antennas
rufescent, abdomen black with the exception of the first segment
which is brick-red ; base of the first four abdominal segments banded
with sub-flavescent white, second segment with a basal, median
patch ; head deeply pitted, covered with a silky slightly flavescent
pubescence and pale brownish hairs, eyes large, ovate, very bulging,
posterior angles of the head slightly rounded ; second joint of the
flagellurn only a little longer than the one following, mandibles sharp
at tip, simple ; prothorax hardly broader at apex than the head,
truncate in front, gradually attenuate laterally from apex to base
where it is about one-fourth narrower, a little sinuate laterally and
with a sharp projecting angle at the beginning of the sinuation,
posterior declivity very sloping and having at tip a scutellary
tubercle ; it is covered with deep reticulate foveae, clothed with long,
greyish and white hairs, and the sides of the declivity are marginate
and sub-serrulate ; abdomen pedunculate, first segment not very
long, nodose at base and having a three dentate ventral carina ; it is
deeply punctate and has a w T hite, slightly flavescent, apical trans-
verse band ; the second segment is covered with wavy longitudinal
raised lines, enclosing elongate, narrow foveae ; it bears a small comma-
shape, whitish patch in the centre of the base, and an apical trian-
gular band ascending in the middle to about one-quarter of its length,
third and fourth segments entirely banded with flavescent white,
apical segment covered with very closely set longitudinal striae, and

Description of Twelve New Species of Mutilla. 415

with some of the intervals slightly raised, extreme apical part
aciculate;. legs clothed with sub-flavescent hairs, tibiae with a double
series of spines, spurs fuscous. Length 7-8 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Hex River). L. Peringuey.

A close ally of M. thais, Per. ; the shape of the thorax and abdo-
men is nearly similar, but the former is much more broadly foveate,
and the second segment of abdomen is not covered with closely set,
round punctures as in M. tlia'is.

MUTILLA MATOPOA.

? . Black, with the thorax red ; first segment of abdomen
with a sub-quadrate patch on each side of the apical part, a small,
triangular one at the apex of the second segment, and a transverse
band broadly interrupted in the middle on the third one ; head
elongate, sub-parallel laterally behind the eyes which are ovate and
situated forward, sub-truncate behind, broader than the anterior
part of the prothorax, broadly foveato-reticulate, clothed with few
black hairs and a sub-decumbent silvery white pubescence, jaws
trifid inwardly ; antennse black, second joint of flagellum as long as
the two following ; thorax a little sloping on each side at apex,
attenuate laterally towards the declivous part where it is one-third
narrower than at apex, the sides are slightly bi-sinuate and crenulate,
and the declivity very abrupt ; it is very roughly reticulate and
covered with dark and greyish hairs ; abdomen sessile, elongato-
ovate, first segment nearly vertical, dented on each side at base,
plane on the upper side, and fitting against the second segment
which is not broader at apex than the base of the first ; it is finely
and closely punctured, and the silvery patches, which are sub-
lateral, impinge on the apical margin of the second segment ; this
latter is clothed like the other segments with a dense black
pubescence, and is covered with moderately elongate, not very deep
punctures, intermixed with a few elongate foveas, and has in the
centre of the apical margin a small, sub-triangular silvery patch ; on
the third segment the band is interrupted in the centre for about
one -third of the length ; the other segments are closely punctured,
including the apical one which is as closely and distinctly punctured
as the preceding one for two-thirds of the length, but the apical part
is extremely finely aciculate, nearly smooth ; ventral carina of the
first segment short, truncate at apex ; legs black, clothed with silvery
white hairs, tibiae with two series of spines, spurs white. Length
20 mm.

.30

446 Annals of the South African Museum.

Hab. Southern Ehodesia (Matopo Hills). R. Pillans.
A very distinct species without any South African ally known to
me.

MUTILLA ATOSSA.

$ . Black, shining, tegulte dark ferruginous, abdomen with a
transverse narrow basal band interrupted in the centre, and a broad
whitish band on the third segment ; head sub-quadrate but with the
posterior angles slightly rounded, and the eyes large and very
slightly emarginate ; it is closely foveolate and covered with greyish
hairs ; jaws moderately long, compressed and bind at tip, and
without any basal tooth beneath ; antennae not very thick, scape and
the two first segments of the flagellum piceous red, first joint of
nagellum small, second joint as thick as the third, but one-half
shorter ; thorax covered with closely set foveae, and clothed with
greyish white hairs denser on the scutellum ; prothorax rounded
laterally, mesothorax with two median longitudinal grooves and a
fine raised line in the centre, scutellum moderately raised, a little
narrowed laterally, behind ; metathorax short, very abruptly decli-
vous, not carinate laterally and having the posterior angles rounded;
abdomen sub-sessile ; the first joint has a short peduncle ; and
the basal part is as broad as the apical one of the second joint ; first
and second joints deeply foveolato-punctate and clothed with greyish
hairs ; the other joints are finely punctured and clothed with black
hairs, and the basal part of the second segment has a very narrow
silvery white band, broadly interrupted in the middle, while the
third segment is entirely covered by a continuous band ; wings
fuscous with a violaceous tinge, stigma very minute, opaque, radial
cell not truncate, three cubital cells and two recurrent nervures ;
legs non-spinose, spurs black or picecus ; ventral carina of first
segment laminate and abruptly truncate at both ends. Length
1H mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Eev. J. A. O'Neil.
Allied to M. cinch reis, but the joints of the antennae are not sub-
aculeate inwardly at tip, the second joint of the flagellum is shorter
in proportion, and the punctures on the body are much deeper and
more broadly foveate.

MUTILLA EUNYCE.

$ . Black, with the prothorax and the scutellum covered
with dense, slightly fiavescent hairs, basal margin of the second

Description of Tivelvc New Species of Mutilla. 447

abdominal segments, and the whole surface of the third with a
transverse, slightly flavescent whitish band extending also on the
ventral part ; head rounded laterally behind the eyes which are
bulging much and are not emarginate ; it is deeply and closely
punctured, and covered with long greyish and black hairs, the
former of which predominate on the vertex ; mandibles somewhat
short, not much dilated at apex where they are trifid, and with a
moderately developed median external tooth beneath ; thorax
foveolato-punctate, covered with dense black hairs laterally and
beneath, but replaced on the prothorax, the tegulse, the scutellum
and the rnetathorax by flavescent ones, very dense on the prothorax
and scutellum ; mesothorax with two median longitudinal impressed
lines ; scutellum not much raised, rounded laterally, and slightly
emarginate at middle behind ; metathorax foveolate, not carinate
laterally, and with the posterior angles rounded ; abdomen sub-
petiolate, basal segment not very long, nodose, second segment
sub-orbicular ; they are both closely and deeply but not broadly
punctured, covered with dense erect greyish white hairs ; the base of
the first segment cannot be said to have a transverse band, although
there is a little pubescence, but the second segment is fringed with a
narrow, white, slightly flavescent band, and the whole of the third
segment is covered with a similar band ; the other segments are
clothed with black hairs ; antennae thick, first joint of flagellum
small, short, second joint one-third shorter than the following one
and not much wider than the first ; wings fuscous, violaceous,
stigma hardly discernible, opaque, radial cell truncate at tip, two
cubital cells and one recurrent nervure ; tibias non-spinose, spurs
black ; ventral carina of first segment with a sharp tooth in the
middle. Length 10 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Eev. J. A. O'Neil.

Allied in general facies to M. appias and M. nyctimene, but in
these species the third cubital cell of the wings is closed, and the
metathorax is red in the former.

MUTILLA CEBRENE.

3 . Black, with the prothorax, mesothorax, and scutellum dark
red, tegulge piceous, wings steel-blue ; head quadrate, scrobiculate,
covered with dense ashy-grey hairs, forming a thick bunch in front
of the insertion of the antennas, jaws long, compressed and enlarged
at tip, slightly bifid there, and having beneath a greatly developed

A niwls of the South African Museum.

sub-vertical tooth near the median part ; eyes large, emarginate ;
antennas moderately long, not very thick ; second joint of the
funicle a little longer than the third ; thorax foveolate, covered with
moderately long hairs which are brownish on the upper side and
slightly silvery on the mesosternum ; mesothorax with longitudinal
grooves and a median raised line ; scutellum produced in a very
distinct triangular tubercle sharp at tip and beset with fulvous
hairs ; metathorax sloping, more broadly foveate than the rest of
the thorax, sharply carinate laterally and having another sharp
carina running parallel with the carinate outer margin and at a
short distance from it for a little less than half the length ; median
part with two slightly raised, wavy lines ending in a very small,
inconspicuous tubercle at about the middle ; abdomen sub-sessile,
covered with somewhat brownish hairs turning to ashy-grey beneath ;
rirst segment sharply dentate on each side of the base and also
laterally, but in a less degree, at a short distance from the base, and
diagonally ampliated from there to the base which is a little narrower
than the apex of the second segment which is ampliated laterally,
and closely but not deeply punctured like the other segments, but
has a median space quite smooth and very shining ; ventral carina
of basal segment not very developed, slanting at apex and
emarginate ; spurs of tarsi white ; tibite non-spinose ; wings with
three cubital cells; stigma elongate, celluliform, radial cell not
truncate. Length 22 mm.

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

The facies is not unlike that of M. aclicron, and the shape and
sculpture of the mesothorax and scutellum is similar.

MUTILLA JIENALIPPA.

$ . Black, with the first and second segments of abdomen red,
the two first segments with a narrow, basal, flavescent band, third
segment entirely flavescent, tegulae reddish brown, wings fuscous ;
head transverse, parallel laterally, foveolate and covered with black
hairs turning to flavous behind and laterally as well as on the basal
joint of antennae and in front of them, jaws moderately long, trifid
on each side at tip and having beneath a dentiform process which
is the prolongation of the inferior margin abruptly truncate at middle ;
eyes large, emarginate ; antennae thick, second joint of the funicle
half the length of the third ; thorax foveolato-reticulate ; it is
covered with dense yellowish hairs, those on the mesothorax are

Description of Twelve New Species of Miitilla. 449

black, but on the post-scutellary region, and also on the raetathorax
these hairs are yellowish ; the mesothorax has two median, ill-
defined longitudinal grooves, the scutellum is raised, rounded,
slightly emarginate at tip and fringed with long, dense flavescent
hairs ; the metathorax is very slanting, broadly foveate, rounded
laterally in the posterior angles, and has in the centre an ill-defined
groove rounded at apex, and covered with a short, decumbent
flavescent pubescence ; abdomen sub - petiolate, closely and
moderately deeply punctured ; first segment short, covered with
sub-flavescent hairs which become denser and more yellow at apex
where they form a narrow band, second abdominal segment not
wider at apex than the base of the first, ovate, fringed with a narrow
band of yellowish hairs, and with the apical and lateral part having
the appearance of being infuscate owing to the denser black hairs,
the third segment is entirely covered on the upper side with a
flavescent band, and the other segments are covered with black
hairs ; the legs are black and non-spinose, the spurs are white ; the
tegulae are deeply punctured, the w y ings are fuscous with the
nervules violaceous ; the stigma is opaque and small, three cubital
cells and two recurrent nervures, radial cell not truncate ; carina of
the first abdominal segment long, aculeate at apex, and slightly
emarginate in the middle. Length 14 mm.

Hob. Natal (Durban). C. N. Barker.

Belongs to the same group as Mutilla cloantha, exaltata, tyro, and
liecuba. It differs from J/. t>/ro in having the prothorax covered
with dense yellow hairs, and the apical part of the second abdominal
segment also narrowly fringed with a yellowish pubescence, while
.17". liecuba, which has a similar yellow pubescence on prothorax and
scutellum, has the third and fourth abdominal segments banded with
flavescent white pubescence.

MUTILLA CALA'I'S.

S . Black, shining ; prothorax, mesothorax and scutellum red,
apical margin of the first and second segments, and the whole of the
third one with a transverse silvery white band; head transverse
with the posterior angles slightly rounded, the eyes are not emar-
ginate ; it is covered with deep, round foveolate punctures, and
clothed with dense black hairs ; the mandibles are somewhat short,
not enlarged at tip, quadri-dentate inwardly, and not toothed beneath ;
antennae thick, second joint of the flagellum one-third shorter than

450 Annals of the South African Museum.

the third, but of equal width, scape very roughly punctured ; thorax
truncate in front, not long ; deeply foveolate, mesothorax without
longitudinal raised line or groove, scutellum on a plane with the
mesothorax, transverse with the posterior angles rounded, a little
emarginate and slightly declivous at apex ; tegulae red, deeply
punctured ; wings fuscous, anterior ones slightly bluish at tip and a
little less deeply infuscate at base, stigma opaque, very small, radial
cell not truncate nor very elongate ; three cubital cells and two
recurrent nervures ; abdomen petiolate, first and second segments
covered with deep, elongate, foveolate punctures, the others closely
aciculate ; the first segment is long, very slender at base, and
gradually swollen, and the remainder of the abdomen is quite ovate,
the margins of the first and second segments have a silvery white
pubescent band, and the third is covered with a similar band which
is not, however, broader than the marginal one of the second ; ventral
carina of the first segment nearly as long as the segment itself, little
raised, and not truncate at apex ; legs black ; tibiae not spinose,
spurs black. Length 12 mm.

Hab. Natal (Durban). C. N. Barker.

Its nearest ally among South African Mutilla with the basal
segment long and nodose at apex, is M. capicola, but it differs from
it by the less deep and narrower foveolate punctures on the two
basal segments of the abdomen, the first of which is also a little
more slender, and there is a transverse band on the third segment
which is absent in M. capicola.

NOTE.

The names eutcrpc, p. 358, and clytemnestra, p. 360, being
preoccupied, must be changed into pliocia and dasya respectively.

Instead of Mutilla cloantha, figs. 18, 20, p. 353, read figs. 19, 21;
and p. 367, line 25, read artemisia instead of creilsa.

( 4,0 1 )

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.

ILLUSTRATING THE THREE PAPERS ON MUTILLID^ PUBLISHED

IN THIS VOLUME.

FKl. I'AdK

1, 2. Mutilla themis, ? , <r . ... 68

3. ducetis, ? ... 363

4. ,, autinoe, j .... 368

5. 5o. ., helle, 9 58

(>, 14. ,, purpurata, $ , 9 60

7, la. ,, crynnis, <j 92

8, 8. ,, procnc, 3 84

'.i. ,, clytemnestra, ? ( = da*ya) 360

10. ,, euterpc, ? ( = phociai 358

11,13. ,, persephone, <t , 9 69,373

12. idia, ? 360

15. ,, aglae, ? . r ). r >

16. aede, cf :!(i "

17. ,, proserpina, ef .... ''-

18. dunbrodia, j 364
19,21. ,, cloantha, j, ? .... . 89, 353
20. ,, beroe, ? 48

22. cleopatra, cf 376

23. ,, deianira, ? 363

24. aethra, ? 361

26. thais, ? 362

28. artemisia, i 368

20. ,, eurydice, ? 80

31. parca, ? ^ 5

25. Apterogyna cybele, 9 ^5

27. ,, mnemosina, j

30. climene, 9 8 ' 5

(452)

XIV. On Two New Species of Dicynodonts. By E. BROOM,

M.D., B.Sc.

DICYNODON LATIFRONS, ii. sp. (Plate X., figs. 1, 2, 3).

THE type of this new species of Dicynodon is an imperfect and
crushed skull discovered by the Eev. D. D. Fraser at Burghersdorp.
Till the skull found its present resting-place in the collection of the
Eastern Province Naturalists' Society, it seems to have been in-
differently cared for, and a large fragment, representing the right
side of the beak, which was originally present in the specimen, has
been lost. In its present condition, with the exception of the missing
half of the beak, the skull is moderately complete in front of the
temporal region, but has been slightly obliquely distorted. A con-
siderable portion of the parietal crest is missing ; while the occiput,
with the right squamosal and quadrate, has been crushed in upon
the under side of the front part of the skull.

In a number of its features the form bears considerable resemblance
to Dicynodon simocephalus, Weith., and also shows some affinity,
though much more remote, with Dicynodon pcmliceps, Ow. The
very imperfect condition of the type specimen of Dicynodon
simocephalus renders a comparison with it a matter of some
difficulty and considerable uncertainty, but the great breadth of
the maxillaries in D. simocephalus is so unlike the condition in the
present type where the maxillary breadth scarcely exceeds the
breadth across the frontals as to leave comparatively little doubt but
that the two species are distinct.

In both D. pardiceps and D. simocephalus the orbits are directed
somewhat frontally, but in the present form they are directed almost
perfectly laterally.

The frontal region is broad and moderately flat. The frontal

On Tu-o Neir Species of Dicynodonts . 453

bones are irregularly quadrangular in shape, and form the upper
margin of the orbits to the extent of about 45 mm. In front where
the frontal meets the prefrontal and the nasal the breadth is 47 mm.,
while behind where it joins the post-orbital the breadth is 55 mm.

The post-orbital on the left side is moderately complete, though
slightly crushed. Where it forms the posterior border of the orbit
it is fairly massive and averages 23mm. in breadth. On its posterior
edge is developed a well-marked ridge which passes almost directly
upwards, inwards, and backwards, forming the anterior border of
the temporal fossa, and then curving mainly upwards and backwards
forming the side of the parietal crest. As it appears in the present
condition the anterior part of the parietal crest rises abruptly from
the frontal plane and forms with it an angle of about 120. As that
part of the post-orbital bone which is preserved is scarcely appreciably
injured, and as the lower portion which forms the post-orbital arch
is somewhat displaced forwards, it necessarily follows that the
parietal crest must originally have formed a less obtuse angle with
the frontal than in the present condition.

The parietal is partly missing, and the exact development of the
anterior part has not been displayed.

In front, the frontals meet the prefrontals and the enormously
developed nasals. The prefrontals are irregularly triangular in
shape. The outer side forms the border of the orbit for a distance
of about 35 mm. The articulation with the frontal measures about
28 mm., and that with the nasal about 37 mm. ; while the articula-
tion with the lachrymal, not counting that portion within the orbit,
measures abou